E1288 v 4 Public Disclosure Authorized Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) for Manila Third Sewerage Project Public Disclosure Authorized Volume 4: Annex on Septage/Sludge Disposal in Lahar Area February 11, 2005 Public Disclosure Authorized (Revised Draft) Public Disclosure Authorized Manila Water Company, Inc. Manila, Philippines ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FOR SLUDGE/SEPTAGE-USE AS SOIL CONDITIONER FOR SUGAR CANE GROWTH IN LAHAR-LADEN AREAS Prepared by: Prepared for: 7th Floor, CLMC Building, 259-269 EDSA, Greenhills, Mandaluyong City Since 1955 in association with Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System (MWSS) Ground Floor, MWSS Bldg., Katipunan Road, Balara, Quezon City Lichel Technologies, Inc. Unit 1910 Antel Global Corporate Center #3 Doña Julia Vargas Avenue Ortigas Center, Pasig City and MAIN REPORT Rm. 1021, 10/F Cityland Shaw Tower St. Francis Street cor. Shaw Blvd., Mandaluyong City TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTENTS PAGE VOLUME 1 – MAIN REPORT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ES–1 BACKGROUND..................................................................................................................................................I ES-2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION..................................................................................................................................I ES-3 ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE CONDITIONS .........................................................................................IV ES-4 SEPTAGE AND SLUDGE CHARACTERISTICS ........................................................................................VI ES-5 RESEARCH FINDINGS ON USE OF SEPTAGE/SLUDGE AS SOIL CONDITIONER ...........................IX ES-6 ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION.................................................. X ES-7 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN.............................................................................................XII ES-8 FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................................................................XXI 1. INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................................................1-1 1.1 GENERAL......................................................................................................................................................1-1 1.2 PROJECT OBJECTIVES...................................................................................................................................1-2 1.3 STUDY APPROACH .......................................................................................................................................1-2 1.4 METHODOLOGY ...........................................................................................................................................1-2 1.4.1 Review of On-going and Completed Experiments and Studies on Reviving the Lahar-laden Soil......1-2 1.4.2 Baseline Characterization......................................................................................................................1-3 1.4.3 Impact Identification, Prediction and Assessment ................................................................................1-3 1.4.4 Formulation of Environmental Management and Environmental Monitoring Plans ..........................1-4 2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION...............................................................................................................................2-1 2.1 THE PROJECT.............................................................................................................................................2-1 2.2 PROJECT LOCATION .....................................................................................................................................2-1 2.2 PROJECT DETAILS ........................................................................................................................................2-2 2.2.1 Sources of Biosolids ...............................................................................................................................2-2 2.2.2 Characteristics of Septage and Sludge ..................................................................................................2-3 3. ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE CONDITION............................................................................................3-1 3.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................3-1 3.2 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT............................................................................................................................3-1 3.2.1 Geology...................................................................................................................................................3-1 3.2.2 Natural Hazards.....................................................................................................................................3-3 3.2.3 Pedology .................................................................................................................................................3-4 3.2.4 Meteorology............................................................................................................................................3-5 3.2.5 Air Quality and Noise Level...................................................................................................................3-7 3.2.6 Hydrogeology .........................................................................................................................................3-7 3.2.7 Surface Water Hydrology.......................................................................................................................3-9 3.2.8 Water and Sediment Quality Surveys...................................................................................................3-12 3.3 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT......................................................................................................................3-16 3.3.1 Aquatic Ecology Survey .......................................................................................................................3-16 3.3.2 Terrestrial Ecology ..............................................................................................................................3-19 3.4 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT.............................................................................................................3-20 3.4.1 Socio-Economic Setting .......................................................................................................................3-20 3.4.2 Household Survey.................................................................................................................................3-22 3.5 SOCIAL BASELINE ASSESSMENT .....................................................................................................3-27 3.5.1 First Level Consultation.......................................................................................................................3-28 3.5.2 Second Level Consultation...................................................................................................................3-28 3.6 PUBLIC HEALTH.........................................................................................................................................3-28 3.6.1 General Health Condition in the Project Areas ..................................................................................3-28 4. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION........................................................4-1 4.1 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT............................................................................................................................4-1 4.1.1 Natural Hazards.....................................................................................................................................4-1 4.1.2 Erosion and Surface Soil Runoff............................................................................................................4-2 Manila Third Sewerage Project (MTSP) i TABLE OF CONTENTS 4.1.3 Surface and Groundwater Contamination.............................................................................................4-2 4.1.4 Land Contamination...............................................................................................................................4-3 4.1.5 Odor Generation ....................................................................................................................................4-5 4.1.6 Noise Generation....................................................................................................................................4-5 4.1.7 Dust Generation .....................................................................................................................................4-6 4.1.8 Traffic Impacts .......................................................................................................................................4-6 4.2 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL ...................................................................................................................4-6 4.2.1 Aquatic Ecology .....................................................................................................................................4-6 4.2.2 Terrestrial Ecology ................................................................................................................................4-6