C Cancer in Australia: an overview 2014 presents the latest A available information on national population screening N programs, cancer incidence, hospitalisations, survival, prevalence and mortality. It is estimated that the most C commonly diagnosed cancers in 2014 will be prostate ER IN AUSTR cancer, colorectal cancer and breast cancer (excluding basal and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, as these cancers are not notifiable diseases in Australia). For all cancers combined, the incidence rate is expected to increase by 22% from 1982 to 2014, but the mortality rate is estimated to decrease by 20%. Cancer survival has improved over time. Cancer outcomes differ by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander status and remoteness area. A LI A IN AUSTRALIA an overview 2014 an overview 2014 AIHW Australasian Association of Cancer Registries CANCER SERIES Number 90 Cancer in Australia An overview 2014 Australian Institute of Health and Welfare Canberra Cat. no. CAN 88 The Australian Institute of Health and Welfare is a major national agency which provides reliable, regular and relevant information and statistics on Australia’s health and welfare. The Institute’s mission is authoritative information and statistics to promote better health and wellbeing. © Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2014 This product, excluding the AIHW logo, Commonwealth Coat of Arms and any material owned by a third party or protected by a trademark, has been released under a Creative Commons BY 3.0 (CC-BY 3.0) licence. Excluded material owned by third parties may include, for example, design and layout, images obtained under licence from third parties and signatures. We have made all reasonable efforts to identify and label material owned by third parties. You may distribute, remix and build upon this work. However, you must attribute the AIHW as the copyright holder of the work in compliance with our attribution policy available at <www.aihw.gov.au/copyright/>. The full terms and conditions of this licence are available at <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/au/>. Enquiries relating to copyright should be addressed to the Head of the Digital and Media Communications Unit, Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, GPO Box 570, Canberra ACT 2601. This publication is part of the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare’s Cancer series. A complete list of the Institute’s publications is available from the Institute’s website <www.aihw.gov.au>. ISSN 1039-3307 ISBN 978-1-74249-677-1 Suggested citation Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2014. Cancer in Australia: an overview 2014. Cancer series No 90. Cat. no. CAN 88. Canberra: AIHW. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare Board Chair Dr Mukesh C Haikerwal AO Any enquiries about or comments on this publication should be directed to: Digital and Media Communications Unit Australian Institute of Health and Welfare GPO Box 570 Canberra ACT 2601 Tel: (02) 6244 1000 Email: [email protected] Published by the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare This publication is printed in accordance with ISO 14001 (Environmental Management Systems) and ISO 9001 (Quality Management Systems). The paper is sourced from sustainably managed certified forests. Please note that there is the potential for minor revisions of data in this report. Please check the online version at <www.aihw.gov.au> for any amendments. Contents Acknowledgments............................................................................................................................. vii Abbreviations ................................................................................................................................... viii Symbols .................................................................................................................................................. x Summary .............................................................................................................................................. xi Data at a glance .................................................................................................................................. xii Estimated incidence of cancer in 2014 ...................................................................................... xii Estimated mortality from cancer in 2014 ................................................................................ xiii 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 1 Purpose and structure of this report............................................................................................ 1 Data interpretation ......................................................................................................................... 2 Data sources .................................................................................................................................... 3 What is missing from the picture? ............................................................................................... 3 2 Risk factors, early detection and prevention ........................................................................... 6 Known risk factors for cancer ....................................................................................................... 6 Early detection through organised population screening ...................................................... 10 3 Incidence of cancer ...................................................................................................................... 14 About incidence ............................................................................................................................ 15 Estimated number of cases diagnosed ...................................................................................... 15 Most commonly diagnosed cancers........................................................................................... 16 Differences by age ........................................................................................................................ 17 Risk of being diagnosed with cancer ......................................................................................... 18 Change over time ......................................................................................................................... 19 4 Hospitalisations and admitted patient palliative care for cancer ...................................... 22 About hospitalisations ................................................................................................................. 23 Hospitalisations in 2012–13......................................................................................................... 24 Palliative care for cancer in the hospital setting ...................................................................... 31 5 Survival after a diagnosis of cancer ......................................................................................... 33 About survival .............................................................................................................................. 34 Five-year relative survival .......................................................................................................... 34 Conditional survival .................................................................................................................... 40 6 Prevalence of cancer .................................................................................................................... 42 About prevalence ......................................................................................................................... 43 iii Cancer prevalence ........................................................................................................................ 43 7 Mortality from cancer ................................................................................................................. 47 About mortality ............................................................................................................................ 48 Estimated number of deaths from cancer ................................................................................. 48 Most common causes of death from cancer ............................................................................. 49 Mortality by age ........................................................................................................................... 50 Risk of death from cancer ............................................................................................................ 50 Change over time ......................................................................................................................... 51 8 Focus on key population groups .............................................................................................. 54 Differences across population groups ....................................................................................... 55 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people ........................................................................... 56 State and territory......................................................................................................................... 61 Remoteness area ........................................................................................................................... 63 Socioeconomic disadvantage