Vol. 30(1): 190–256 (2020) 190 Index to names of New World Gesneriaceae ISSN: 0971-2313 (Print edition) RHEEDEA ISSN: 2582-2438 (Online edition) Journal of the Indian Association for Angiosperm Taxonomy https://dx.doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.01.14 Index to names of New World members of the Gesneriaceae (subfamilies Sanangoideae and Gesnerioideae) Clark J.L.1,2,3,*, Skog L.E.2, Boggan J.K.2 & S. Ginzbarg3 1 Science Department, Lawrenceville School, Lawrenceville, New Jersey – 08648, USA. 2 National Museum of Natural History, Department of Botany, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC – 20013, USA. 3Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama – 35487, USA. **E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: A comprehensive taxonomic list of New members of the subfamilies Sanangoideae (one World Gesneriaceae is provided for all currently known genus and one species) and Gesnerioideae (five accepted names and their synonyms. The list presented tribes, c. 77 genera, 1200+ species) plus Titano- here corresponds to the subfamilies Sanangoideae and trichum (one species). More than 4000 names were Gesnerioideae plus the Old World genus Titanotrichum collected from specimens, scientific literature, and and includes 1217 accepted names and 2332 synonyms. horticultural literature. Earlier versions of these data Generic concepts and classification of New World were maintained in dBase during the 1980s and Gesneriaceae have changed with the recent surge in 1990s with an emphasis on New World molecular-based phylogenies, and that has made it challenging to determine the accepted names in Gesneriaceae. In the late 1990s, the data were historical literature and outdated names that persist in transferred to Microsoft Access and expanded to databases such as GenBank. The list is organized include Old World names, literature, and specimen alphabetically with a look-up table that links all and live collection data. An online version was synonyms to currently accepted names. shared through the portal World Checklist of Keywords: Biodiversity, Gesneriaceae, Neotropics, Gesneriaceae (2003 to 2018), hosted at the Taxonomy. Smithsonian Institution’s National Museum of Natural History. The index presented here will be available in digital format at the Royal Botanic Introduction Garden Edinburgh in the RBGE Gesneriaceae The names index presented here covers all currently Resource Centre and is here limited to the 1217 recognized species of New World Gesneriaceae accepted names from the New World plus plus the Old World genus Titanotrichum, which is Titanotrichum. The authors refrained from including phylogenetically related to neotropical names that pertain to horticultural hybrids. This Gesneriaceae (Wang et al., 2004; Weber et al., list includes 144 names that were not validly 2013). The list reflects 1217 accepted names and published (e.g., nom. nud., nom. nud. pro syn.) and 47 2332 synonyms. Including illegitimate and invalid illegitimate names (e.g., nom. illeg. or nom. illeg. names brings the total to 3740 names. The generic superfl.). Invalid and illegitimate names are names provided here are congruent with the indicated, but not assigned a synonym or currently classification outlined in Weber et al. (this issue) accepted name. Misapplied names that have and includes all names applied to currently classified appeared in floras and other botanical literature are included here and preceded by sensu. For example, Received: 07.03.2020; Revised & Accepted: 26.03.2020 the accepted name includes the author (e.g., Published Online: 11.05.2020 Centrosolenia glabra Benth.), and the author of the Clark et al. 191 misapplied name is preceded by sensu (e.g., traditional generic concepts have been shown to Centrosolenia glabra sensu Hook.). All names are be polyphyletic or paraphyletic. The names listed alphabetically with accepted names in bold. recognized here reflect circumscriptions based on All alphabetized names include authors, whether recent phylogenetic analyses, and available validly the name is accepted (name in bold) or recognized published combinations. as a synonym (name in italics, not in bold). Accepted In conclusion, this list provides 3740 names that names are provided for all synonyms and indicated comprise 2332 synonyms for 1217 accepted names. directly below (indented and denoted with “=”). In addition, 47 names are listed as illegitimate (nom. The standard form for names of taxon authors illeg. or nom. illeg. superfl.) and 144 names in the list follows Brummitt and Powell (1992). Abbreviations are not validly published (e.g., nom. inval., nom. nud., for recent authors were obtained from the Index of nom. nud. pro syn.). Botanists at the Harvard University Herbaria and Botany Libraries (https://huh.harvard.edu/libraries). Index to names The authors recognize that taxonomic Achimenes admirabilis Wiehler circumscriptions may differ from recently published Achimenes albescens Rusby species or monographic revisions. Differences in = Seemannia sylvatica generic concepts for Columnea alone have resulted Achimenes alba Hort. ex Vis. in more than 150 synonyms. Taxonomic confusion = nom. nud. pro syn. is reflected in names commonly used in horticulture Achimenes alba Hort. Padov. ex Walp. represented by generic concepts promoted by = nom. nud. pro syn. Wiehler (1983, 1984, 1992, 1995). For example, Achimenes amabilis (Planch. & Linden) Van Houtte = Kohleria amabilis var. amabilis Wiehler (1992) published 25 new species with Achimenes amabilis Decne. limited information (e.g., absence of range data and = Smithiantha multiflora incomplete type distributions). A more detailed Achimenes amoena Van Houtte ex Hanst. revision of the same species was further elaborated = nom. nud. pro syn. by Wiehler (1995) that cited many of the same Achimenes andrieuxii DC. specimens from a similar treatment by Kvist and = Eucodonia andrieuxii Skog (1993). Reconciling accepted names and Achimenes antirrhina (DC.) C.V.Morton which generic system to use was an ongoing issue Achimenes argyrostigma Hook. for practicing taxonomists and horticulturalists = Gloxinia erinoides Achimenes atrosanguinea Hort. ex Regel during the 1990s and early 2000s. Rejection of = nom. nud. pro syn. Wiehler’s classification here is demonstrated by 55 Achimenes atrosanguinea Lindl. synonyms for Dalbergaria (=Columnea), 58 = Achimenes antirrhina synonyms for Trichantha (=Columnea), and 33 Achimenes autumnalis Hort. ex Hanst. synonyms for Pentadenia (=Columnea). More = Achimenes erecta recently, generic concepts promoted by Wiehler Achimenes bella C.V.Morton have been shown to be artificial due to the lack of = Eucodonia verticillata monophyly based on molecular phylogenetic Achimenes brevifolia C.V.Morton analyses (e.g., Smith & Sytsma, 1994a,b; Smith & Achimenes burchellii S.M.Phillips Carrol 1997; Clark et al., 2006, 2012; Schulte et al., = Sphaerorrhiza burchellii Achimenes calderonii Standl. 2013; Smith et al., 2013). Molecular phylogenetics = Achimenes warszewicziana has played an important role in resolving most Achimenes candida Lindl. discrepancies of generic circumscriptions in the Achimenes cardinalis Hort. ex A.Dietr. New World Gesneriaceae, especially when = Achimenes antirrhina 192 Index to names of New World Gesneriaceae Achimenes cettoana H.E.Moore Achimenes grandiflora var. incisa Hanst. Achimenes chirita Hort. ex Hanst. = Achimenes grandiflora = nom. nud. pro syn. Achimenes grandiflora var. liebmannii (Hort. ex Regel) Achimenes coccinea (Scop.) Pers. Hanst. = Achimenes erecta = Achimenes grandiflora Achimenes coccinea var. pyropaea (Lindl.) Hanst. Achimenes grandiflora var. pubescens Hanst. = Achimenes erecta = Achimenes grandiflora Achimenes coccinea var. rosea (Lindl.) Regel ex Hanst. Achimenes grandis Hort. ex A.Hansen = Achimenes erecta = nom. illeg. Achimenes coccinea var. vera Hanst. Achimenes gymnostoma (Griseb.) Fritsch = Achimenes erecta = Seemannia gymnostoma Achimenes comifera DC. Achimenes gymnostoma Hoehne f. angustiflora = Diastema comiferum = Seemannia gymnostoma Achimenes cordata Hort. ex Regel Achimenes gymnostoma Hoehne f. lilacea = nom. nud. pro syn. = Seemannia gymnostoma Achimenes cupreata Hook. Achimenes haageana Otto ex Regel = Episcia cupreata = nom. nud. pro syn. Achimenes dimidiata Moritz ex Hanst. Achimenes heppielloides Fritsch = nom. nud. pro syn. = Seemannia gymnostoma Achimenes dulcis C.V.Morton Achimenes heterophylla (Mart.) DC. Achimenes ehrenbergii (Hanst.) H.E.Moore Achimenes hillii Hort. ex Regel = Eucodonia verticillata = nom. nud. pro syn. Achimenes erecta (Lam.) H.P.Fuchs Achimenes hillii Hort. ex Sieb. & Voss Achimenes erinoides DC. = nom. nud. pro syn. = Gloxinia erinoides Achimenes hintoniana Ram.-Roa & L.E.Skog Achimenes fimbriata (Hook.) Henderson Achimenes hirsuta Lindl. = Achimenes glabrata = Achimenes skinneri Achimenes fimbriata Rose ex C.V.Morton Achimenes hirsuta var. corymbosa Oerst. Achimenes flaccida Rusby = Achimenes skinneri = Seemannia purpurascens Achimenes hirsuta DC. Achimenes flava C.V.Morton = Mandirola multiflora Achimenes flava var. puberula C.V.Morton Achimenes hirsuta var. magnifica Hort. ex C.Morren = Achimenes flava = Achimenes skinneri Achimenes foliosa C.Morren Achimenes ichthyostoma (Gardner) Hanst. = Achimenes antirrhina = Mandirola ichthyostoma Achimenes ghiesbrechtii Hort. ex Lindl. Achimenes ignescens Lem. = Achimenes heterophylla = Achimenes heterophylla Achimenes ghiesbrechtiana Hort. ex Regel Achimenes ilicifolia Hort. ex Vis. = nom. nud. pro syn. = nom. nud.