ATI N FO R PHA RMAC I STS . GEO R E H O WE P H . D . G , SS F L T IN U N IV E SIT Y OF N T H L IN P ROF E OR O A , R OR CARO A A N D J O H N GR O E B EA D P R G . V R , H . A I T N T P F E OF P H M CY U N IV E IT H L IN SS S A RO SSOR AR A , RS Y O F N ORT CARO A P H I L A D E L P H I A ’ P . B LA K I T S O N S S O N C O . 1 0 1 2 WA L N U T S T R E E T PRE FAC E While it is extremely desirable that every prospective phar macist should have a co urse in Latin at least as extended as the ordinar i sc ool course still th e fact remains t at ver man y h gh h , h y y rm c w t no trainin in atin students enter schools of. pha a y i h g L nd after entrance unfortunatel but little time can wha tever . A y r i m di m f tin b de o t d to lan ua e stud . A ce ta n o cu o La e v e g g y , we er is absolutel essential to th e understandin of ar ho v , y g ph maceutical terminology and to th e prop er handling o f prescrip k i d si n d to furni s t at necessar m di i s i s boo s e e o cum . t on . Th g h h y r s T h e rst consist f T he bo ok is divided into two pa t . fi s o nine teen lessons presenting in progressive arrangement th e necessary instruction in forms and s ntax and excludi n ever t in w ic y , g y h g h h , owever desir able and el ful is not of immedi ate ractical use h h p , p h o eac lesson h as been added f to t e pharmacist . T h or purpo ses of ractice a vo cabular and a double set of exercis s A i l p y e . spec a series of lessons deals wit th e writin and readin o f r escri ti h g g p p ons . T h e second p ar t is intended primarily for purp o ses of reference to be used bo th by th e student in the scho ol of pharmacy and by dr i h I t o th e ugg st at t e p rescrip tion co unter . c ntains word classi fica tions a com lete list o f abbre ations in co mmon use an , p vi , anal sis of th e armaceutical terminolo and a com re ensiv y ph gy , p h e Latin- En lis and En lis - Latin dictionar g h g h y . T H E AUTHORS . NI VER I T Y OF OR TH A NA U S N C R OL I . TABLE O F C ON T E NTS P AR T ON E PAGE E N —Al h ab t P o nun ation A cent O I e r ci c . L SS . p , , —I nfle tio n 9 L E SSON 2 . c E O N —I O -I nfiectio n of N o uns L SS S 3 . w w - — W 2 I nfl tio of A d ctives ' LESSO NS 1 1 1 . ec n j e W W E O N r —Numerals L SS 3 . E N I —I nflectio n Of V erbs L SSO 4 . E O N 1 —Pre o sitions C on unctions L . SS 5 p , j — ar tici 1 s LESSO N r 6 . P p e - — r tio n tin LESSO NS 1 7 1 9 . P es crip Wri g P AR T T WO A bbreviatio ns Studios in Nomenclatur e Latin- E nglish V o cabulary E nglish - Latin V o cabular y I NDEX LAT I N FOR PH A RMAC I STS PAR T ON E LESSON 1 ' TH E ALP H ABET he letter T h e Latin alphabet is th e same as English . T W was no t in th e ancient alphabet but been added fo r modern r scientific wo ds . Letters are cla ssified as follows V o wels : a , e , i, O , u, y . i n D phtho gs : ae , an, en, oe . ’ Consonants = . l i l f r li b , p, v ab a ( o med with the p s) Mutes c k = uttural formed wit the t roat r . g , , , q, j g ( h h ) d , t dental (formed with the teeth) i Liqu ds : 1, r . l N asa s : m, n . ir n Sp a ts : f , s , h . PRONUNCIATION There are two systems of pronunciatio n Of Latin in use in thi s cou r h ne is an a ttem t to re ro duce n arl nt y . T e o p p as e y as pos sible th e ancient p ronunciation employed by the R o mans them selv s is met o d is enerall followed b st dents o f l n u e . Th h g y y u a g age and li r r r te atu e eve ywhere . T he o ther system applies th e principles of English pro nuncia tion m f ll d to Latin . This etho d is o owe by scientists generally — in medicine armac bo tan law and is th e met od ado ted , ph y , y , h p , t eref r fo ll o e r the fo ow n a es . h , i g p g LATIN F OR PH ARMACISTS I n English the sounds of the same letters and of the same com binations of letters Often ex ib t rea t ariet as for exam le h i g v y ( , p , in the words low no w o r cou bou o n the o t er hand the , , gh , gh) ; h , n lis ronunciation f L in f ll n i n ere E g h p o at o ows a co s stent pla . Th are also difference n s i th e ma tter of accent and syllabifica tion . I t is t erefore n h ecessary to Observe the following principles . CONSONANTS I n eneral th e n n g , co sonants have th e same sound in Latin as i n lis E g h . B ut no te : C has the sound of 8 before a clo se vowel o r d t on t at is iph h g , h , before e and ae oe eu as acetum c s coloc nthis , i, y, , , ; , , pi i , y , caecum l r r ds , coe um . C is fu the softened to sh when it stan before followed b ano t er owel as s ecies laciale . I n all i y h v ; , p , g o t er cases it has th e so und of k as cam h ra com ositus h ; , p o , p , crudus . Ch alwa s has the o und of k as charta . y s ; , G has the so und of efore a close owel or di t on t at is j b v ph h g , h , before e and e oe as ve etabilis di talis h drar mm . , i, y, a , ; , g , gi , y gy I n all ot r i r s nd in ame as ar he cases t has the ha d ou Of g g ; , g ari g sma, gummifer . VOWELS I n eneral the owels a e th e same sounds as in En l s and g , v h v g i h, th e same distinction is made between a long vowel and a shor t een the vowel (as between th e a in hat and the a in hate , or betw i in i n b t a d the i in bite) . F inal e u a e the lon sound as lac ale O u carb , i, o , , h v g ; , g i , p , o, ll l h th e lon sound as A vowel which ends an accented sy ab e as g ; , ’ the s con - - e d a in pa pa ver . I n an accented syllable in which th e vowel is followed by two ' co so nant s s nd consonant is l or r the owel has n s , unle s the eco , v th e s o r is is no t an exce t on to the r nci les ust h t sound . Th p i p i p j TH E ALPHAB ET 3 t d since in t is case the vowel is not re arded as endin the sta e , h g g ’ ll l in th e accented s llable of a - en - dix the e s ab e . us y Th , y p p , A v el w ic ends an unaccented s ll ble has th e short sound .