U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Omaha District Big Bend Dam/Lake Sharpe Master Plan Missouri River, South Dakota Update of Design Memorandum MB-90 October 2003 This page intentionally left blank. Big Bend Dam/Lake Sharpe Master Plan Update October 2003 Big Bend Dam/Lake Sharpe Master Plan Missouri River, South Dakota Update of Design Memorandum MB-90 October 2003 i Big Bend Dam/Lake Sharpe Master Plan Update October 2003 This page intentionally left blank. ii Big Bend Dam/Lake Sharpe Master Plan Update October 2003 TABLE OF CONTENTS PERTINENT DATA ...................................................................................................................................................... XI CORPS OF ENGINEERS REPORTS...........................................................................................................................XV ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS.................................................................................................................... XXI 1. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................ 1-1 1.1. PROJECT DESCRIPTION .............................................................................................................. 1-4 1.2. PROJECT AUTHORIZATION ....................................................................................................... 1-4 1.3. PROJECT PURPOSES..................................................................................................................... 1-5 1.3.1. Flood Control............................................................................................................................... 1-5 1.3.2. Navigation.................................................................................................................................... 1-6 1.3.3. Hydropower ................................................................................................................................. 1-6 1.3.4. Fish and Wildlife.......................................................................................................................... 1-6 1.3.5. Recreation .................................................................................................................................... 1-6 1.3.6. Irrigation ...................................................................................................................................... 1-7 1.3.7. Municipal and Industrial Water Supply ....................................................................................... 1-7 1.4. PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF THE MASTER PLAN ...................................................................... 1-7 1.4.1. Purpose......................................................................................................................................... 1-7 1.4.2. Scope............................................................................................................................................ 1-8 1.5. PROJECT-WIDE RESOURCE OBJECTIVES ............................................................................. 1-11 2. FACTORS INFLUENCING RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT ..................................... 2-1 2.1. DESCRIPTION OF THE RESERVOIR .......................................................................................... 2-1 2.2. LAKE OPERATION........................................................................................................................ 2-2 2.2.1. Statistical Analysis........................................................................................................................ 2-3 2.3. HYDROLOGY AND GROUNDWATER ..................................................................................... 2-11 2.3.1. Hydrology .................................................................................................................................. 2-11 2.3.2. Groundwater .............................................................................................................................. 2-13 2.4. ICE AFFECTED FLOWS.............................................................................................................. 2-13 2.5. SEDIMENTATION ....................................................................................................................... 2-14 2.5.1. Sediment Deposition.................................................................................................................. 2-15 2.5.2. Littoral Drift............................................................................................................................... 2-16 2.5.3. Shoreline Erosion....................................................................................................................... 2-17 2.6. SURFACE WATER QUALITY................................................................................................... 2-20 2.6.1. Federal Clean Water Act............................................................................................................. 2-20 2.6.2. Corps Water Quality Management Program............................................................................... 2-21 2.6.3. Data Collection ........................................................................................................................... 2-21 2.6.4. Water Quality.............................................................................................................................. 2-22 2.7. FUTURE ACTIONS – MONITORING WATER QUALITY AT BIG BEND............................. 2-23 iii Big Bend Dam/Lake Sharpe Master Plan Update October 2003 2.7.1. Water Quality Monitoring Goals and Objectives....................................................................... 2-23 2.7.2. Data Collection Approach.......................................................................................................... 2-24 2.7.3. Parameters to be Measured and Analyzed ................................................................................. 2-26 2.8. ACCESSIBILITY........................................................................................................................... 2-28 2.8.1. Road Access............................................................................................................................... 2-28 2.8.2. Rail Access................................................................................................................................. 2-28 2.8.3. Air Access.................................................................................................................................. 2-29 2.8.4. Lake Navigation......................................................................................................................... 2-29 2.9. CLIMATE ...................................................................................................................................... 2-29 2.9.1. Temperature and Humidity ........................................................................................................ 2-30 2.9.2. Precipitation and Evaporation.................................................................................................... 2-31 2.9.3. Wind........................................................................................................................................... 2-33 2.10. TOPOGRAPHY, GEOLOGY, AND SOILS ................................................................................. 2-34 2.10.1. Topography................................................................................................................................ 2-34 2.10.2. Geology...................................................................................................................................... 2-36 2.10.3. Soils ........................................................................................................................................... 2-37 2.11. LAND USE .................................................................................................................................... 2-40 2.12. BORROW AREAS AND UTILITIES ........................................................................................... 2-40 2.13. VEGETATION RESOURCES....................................................................................................... 2-41 2.13.1. Bottomland Woodlands.............................................................................................................. 2-42 2.13.2. Woodland Draws ....................................................................................................................... 2-43 2.13.3. Shrublands.................................................................................................................................. 2-44 2.13.4. Woody Plantings........................................................................................................................ 2-44 2.14. FISH AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES.......................................................................................... 2-47 2.14.1. Aquatic Food Base..................................................................................................................... 2-47 2.14.2. Fisheries..................................................................................................................................... 2-48 2.14.3. Aquatic Birds ............................................................................................................................