INTERNATIONAL CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHIC CHART www.stratigraphy.org International Commission on Stratigraphy v 2019/05 numerical numerical numerical numerical Series / Epoch Stage / Age Series / Epoch Stage / Age Series / Epoch Stage / Age GSSP GSSP GSSP GSSP EonothemErathem / Eon System / Era / Period age (Ma) EonothemErathem / Eon System/ Era / Period age (Ma) EonothemErathem / Eon System/ Era / Period age (Ma) Eonothem / EonErathem / Era System / Period GSSA age (Ma) present ~ 145.0 358.9 ±0.4 541.0 ±1.0 U/L Meghalayan 0.0042 Holocene M Northgrippian 0.0082 Tithonian Ediacaran L/E Greenlandian 152.1 ±0.9 ~ 635 Upper 0.0117 Famennian Neo- 0.126 Upper Kimmeridgian Cryogenian Middle 157.3 ±1.0 Upper proterozoic ~ 720 Pleistocene 0.773 372.2 ±1.6 Calabrian Oxfordian Tonian 1.80 163.5 ±1.0 Frasnian 1000 Callovian Quaternary 166.1 ±1.2 Gelasian 2.58 382.7 ±1.6 Stenian Bathonian 168.3 ±1.3 Piacenzian Middle Bajocian Givetian 1200 Pliocene 3.600 170.3 ±1.4 387.7 ±0.8 Meso- Zanclean Aalenian Middle proterozoic Ectasian 5.333 174.1 ±1.0 Eifelian 1400 Messinian Jurassic 393.3 ±1.2 Calymmian 7.246 Toarcian Devonian Tortonian 182.7 ±0.7 Emsian 1600 11.63 Pliensbachian Statherian Lower 407.6 ±2.6 Serravallian 13.82 190.8 ±1.0 Lower 1800 Miocene Pragian 410.8 ±2.8 Proterozoic Neogene Sinemurian Langhian 15.97 Orosirian 199.3 ±0.3 Lochkovian Paleo- Burdigalian Hettangian proterozoic 2050 20.44 201.3 ±0.2 419.2 ±3.2 Rhyacian Aquitanian Rhaetian Pridoli 23.03 ~ 208.5 423.0 ±2.3 2300 Ludfordian 425.6 ±0.9 Siderian Cenozoic Chattian Mesozoic Ludlow 27.82 Gorstian Oligocene Upper Norian 427.4 ±0.5 Precambrian 2500 Rupelian Wenlock Homerian 430.5 ±0.7 Neo- 33.9 ~ 227 Sheinwoodian 433.4 ±0.8 archean 2800 Priabonian Carnian Silurian Telychian 37.8 riassic ~ 237 Llandovery 438.5 ±1.1 Meso- Bartonian 41.2 T Ladinian Aeronian archean ~ 242 440.8 ±1.2 Eocene Middle Rhuddanian 3200 Lutetian Anisian 443.8 ±1.5 47.8 247.2 Hirnantian 445.2 ±1.4 Paleo- Olenekian Archean Ypresian Lower 251.2 archean Paleogene Induan 251.902 ±0.024 Upper Katian 56.0 3600 Changhsingian 254.14 ±0.07 453.0 ±0.7 Thanetian 59.2 Lopingian Sandbian Eo- Wuchiapingian Paleozoic Paleocene Selandian 259.1 ±0.5 458.4 ±0.9 archean Phanerozoic 61.6 Phanerozoic Phanerozoic Capitanian Darriwilian 4000 Danian 265.1 ±0.4 Middle 66.0 467.3 ±1.1 Guadalupian Wordian Dapingian Hadean Maastrichtian 268.8 ±0.5 470.0 ±1.4 Ordovician ~ 4600 72.1 ±0.2 Roadian 272.95 ±0.11 Floian Lower 477.7 ±1.4 Units of all ranks are in the process of being defined by Global Boundary Campanian Kungurian Stratotype Section and Points (GSSP) for their lower boundaries, including 83.6 ±0.2 Permian 283.5 ±0.6 Tremadocian those of the Archean and Proterozoic, long defined by Global Standard 485.4 ±1.9 Upper Santonian 86.3 ±0.5 Artinskian Stratigraphic Ages (GSSA). Italic fonts indicate informal units and Cisuralian 290.1 ±0.26 Stage 10 placeholders for unnamed units. Versioned charts and detailed information Coniacian ~ 489.5 on ratified GSSPs are available at the website http://www.stratigraphy.org. 89.8 ±0.3 Sakmarian 293.52 ±0.17 Furongian Jiangshanian The URL to this chart is found below. Turonian ~ 494 Asselian Numerical ages are subject to revision and do not define units in the 93.9 298.9 ±0.15 Paibian ~ 497 Cenomanian Gzhelian Phanerozoic and the Ediacaran; only GSSPs do. For boundaries in the Upper 303.7 ±0.1 Guzhangian Phanerozoic without ratified GSSPs or without constrained numerical 100.5 Kasimovian ~ 500.5 ages, an approximate numerical age (~) is provided. Paleozoic 307.0 ±0.1 aceous Miaolingian Drumian t Albian Middle Moscovian ~ 504.5 Ratified Subseries/Subepochs are abbreviated as U/L (Upper/Late), M 315.2 ±0.2 Wuliuan (Middle) and L/E (Lower/Early). Numerical ages for all systems except Mesozoic ~ 113.0 Quaternary, upper Paleogene, Cretaceous, Triassic, Permian and Cre ~ 509 Lower Bashkirian Precambrian are taken from ‘A Geologic Time Scale 2012’ by Gradstein Aptian Pennsylvanian Stage 4 323.2 ±0.4 et al. (2012), those for the Quaternary, upper Paleogene, Cretaceous, ~ 125.0 Series 2 ~ 514 Cambrian Triassic, Permian and Precambrian were provided by the relevant ICS Upper Serpukhovian Stage 3 Barremian 330.9 ±0.2 subcommissions. Lower ~ 129.4 ~ 521 Hauterivian Colouring follows the Commission for the ~ 132.9 Middle Visean Stage 2 Geological Map of the World (www.ccgm.org) Valanginian Carboniferous 346.7 ±0.4 Terreneuvian ~ 529 ~ 139.8 Fortunian Chart drafted by K.M. Cohen, D.A.T. Harper, P.L. Gibbard, J.-X. Fan Berriasian Mississippian Lower Tournaisian (c) International Commission on Stratigraphy, May 2019 ~ 145.0 358.9 ±0.4 541.0 ±1.0 To cite: Cohen, K.M., Finney, S.C., Gibbard, P.L. & Fan, J.-X. (2013; updated) The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart. Episodes 36: 199-204. URL: http://www.stratigraphy.org/ICSchart/ChronostratChart2019-05.pdf.