UNNATURAL AMINO ACIDS MIR027 A MARKET INSIGHT REPORT– JULY 2010 CONTENTS 1. SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY .......................................................................................................................... 1 2. REPORT SYNOPSIS ......................................................................................................................................... 4 Unnatural Amino Acids – An Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 4 Amino Acids ........................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Types of Amino Acids ......................................................................................................................................................... 6 Essential Amino Acids ..................................................................................................................................................... 6 Non‐Essential Amino Acids ............................................................................................................................................. 6 Proteinogenic Amino Acids ............................................................................................................................................ 6 Non‐Proteinogenic Amino Acids..................................................................................................................................... 6 Non‐Standard Amino Acids ............................................................................................................................................ 6 Synthetic Unnatural Amino Acids ................................................................................................................................... 7 Amino Acids Analogs ................................................................................................................................................... 7 Tyrosine Analogs .................................................................................................................................................... 7 Glutamine Analogs ................................................................................................................................................. 7 Phenylalanine Analogs ........................................................................................................................................... 7 Synthesis Applications of Amino Acids ........................................................................................................................... 7 Use of Optically Pure Amino Acids ................................................................................................................................. 8 Segmentation of Unnatural Amino Acids .............................................................................................................................. 9 Exhibit 1: Segmentation of Unnatural Amino Acids Market by Type and Application ................................................ 9 Unnatural Amino Acids ‐ Definitions, Important Facts & Figures ....................................................................................... 9 β‐Amino Acids & Derivatives ....................................................................................................................................... 9 β‐Amino acids ......................................................................................................................................................... 9 β‐Alanine ................................................................................................................................................................ 9 β‐Methylphenylalanine ........................................................................................................................................ 10 β‐Amino Alcohols ................................................................................................................................................. 11 Cyclic Amino Acids & Derivatives .............................................................................................................................. 11 Cyclic β‐Amino Acids ............................................................................................................................................ 11 Cyclic Unnatural α‐Amino Acids ........................................................................................................................... 11 D‐Cycloserine ........................................................................................................................................................ 11 D‐Amino Acids & Derivatives .................................................................................................................................... 12 D‐Phenylglycine .................................................................................................................................................... 13 D‐Cysteine ............................................................................................................................................................ 14 D‐Serine ................................................................................................................................................................ 15 D‐Proline ............................................................................................................................................................... 16 D‐Valine ................................................................................................................................................................ 17 D‐Alanine .............................................................................................................................................................. 18 D‐Phenylalanine ................................................................................................................................................... 19 D‐Citrulline /D‐Citrulene ....................................................................................................................................... 21 D‐Tryptophan ....................................................................................................................................................... 21 MIR027‐Unnatural Amino Acids – A Market Insight Report, July 2010 © RI Technologies, www.researchimpact.com ‐ i ‐ UNNATURAL AMINO ACIDS MIR027 A MARKET INSIGHT REPORT– JULY 2010 CONTENTS D‐Lysine ................................................................................................................................................................ 23 D‐Leucine .............................................................................................................................................................. 23 D‐Histidine ............................................................................................................................................................ 24 D‐Glutamic Acid .................................................................................................................................................... 25 D‐Methionine ....................................................................................................................................................... 26 D‐Aspartic Acid ..................................................................................................................................................... 27 D‐Tyrosine ............................................................................................................................................................ 28 D‐Arginine ............................................................................................................................................................ 30 D‐p‐Hydroxyphenylglycine ................................................................................................................................... 30 D‐Penicillamine ..................................................................................................................................................... 31 DL‐Amino Acids & Derivatives ................................................................................................................................... 32 DL‐Alanine ............................................................................................................................................................ 32 DL‐Methionine...................................................................................................................................................... 33 DL‐Phenylalanine .................................................................................................................................................. 34 L‐Amino Acid Derivatives .......................................................................................................................................... 35 L‐Homophenylalanine .......................................................................................................................................... 35 L‐Dopa .................................................................................................................................................................