228 Index 2001: A Space Odyssey, 177 Andreas, Peter, 162 Android, 170 Abt, Clark, 73 Angwin, Julia, 171 Accelerated Mobile Pages (AMP) 92–102 Apple, 3, 177–178, 181, 184 accountability, vii, xix, 22, 75, 84–85, 128, artificial intelligence (AI), xiii–xiv, 13, 40, 142, 143, 166, 171, 188, 191, 193, 197 124–133, 138–152, 157, 167, 171, accuracy, vii, x–xi, 5, 9, 10–12, 26, 30–32, 175, 179–184, 214–216, 224–225 57–58, 65, 66, 75, 77–79, 141, and ethical challenges, 141–152 214, 225 and ethical requirements, 143–144 Adam, 131 and workflows, 151–152 Adhanom Ghebreyesus, Tedros, 202–203 Applegren, Ester., 192 Agence France-Presse, 165, 170 Archant, 130 Aitamurto, Tanja, 59, 64 Associated Press, 13, 56, 58, 61, 64, Alexa, 176–182 125–126, 131, 139–140, 166–167 Alexander, Jeffrey C., vii–ix, 96, 99–100, Athenian political culture, 158 101–102 attachments, 34–36 algorithms, xiii–xiv, 3, 13, 124–133, audience engagement, xii–xii, 20–38 138–152, 157–172, 175, 180–184, Audrey, 176–177 204, 209, 214–216, 224–225 Automated Insights, 125–126 AlgorithmWatch, 168, 171 Automating the News, 164, 165, 171 Alibaba, 171, 179 autonomy, 8, 93, 99–100, 141, 143 Aljazeera, 74 Azure, 182 AllGenie Voz, 179 Alloa, Emmanuel, 187 COPYRIGHTEDBad News, 83 MATERIAL Almodóvar, Pedro, 120 Baidu, 179 Alphabet, 174 Ballon, P., 6–7 Amazon, 3, 171, 176, 179, 181–182, 184 Baranetsky, Victoria, 169 Amazon Prime, 3 Barnhurst, Kevin, 96 Amazon Race, The, 81 Barot, Trushar, 180 Amnesty International, 171 Belair-Gagnon, Valerie, 42, 44, 47 Amnesty Tech, 170, 171 Bell, Emily, 158 Anchorage Daily News, 162 Bell Labs, 176–177 Anderson, Christopher William, 109 Berger, Stefan, 187 News Media Innovation Reconsidered: Ethics and Values in a Creative Reconstruction of Journalism, First Edition. Edited by María Luengo and Susana Herrera-Damas. © 2021 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Published 2021 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. bindex.indd 228 12-03-2021 13:18:20 Index 229 Berry, David, 159 Carlos III University, xv, 145, 150 Bertrand, Claude-Jean, 192–193 Carlson, Matt, 111 big data, xiii–xiv, 12, 108–112, 115, 138, 164 Carlyle, Thomas, 159 Big Local News COVID-19 Global Case Carr, Nicholas, 98 Mapper, 46 Casasús, Josep María, 96 Birkenfeld, Bradley, 110 Casas Vacias, 79 Bixby, 179 Caswell, David, 133 Black Lives Matter, xiii–xiv Carey, James, 142, 159 Bleyen, V. A., 6–7 CBS, 33 blockchain technology, 3, 209, 214, 216 Cebrián, Juan Luis, 121 bloggers, 9, 116 CGTN (China Global Television Network), blogs, x–xi, 9, 23, 43, 210, 214, 216 59–60 Bloomberg, 167–168 Chadha, Kalyani, 191 Bly, Nellie See Elizabeth Cochrane Chaparro, María Ángeles, 128 Boczkowski, Pablo J., 42 Chartbeart, 99 Bogost, Ian, 85 Chouliaraki, Lilie, 62 Bolt, Usain, 82 Chul-Han, Byung, 187 Borden, Sandra L., 77 civic/il values, ix, xiv, 128, 133, 223, 226 Borges, Eddy, 108–109 citizen empowerment, 202–216 Borning, A., 82 Clerwall, Christer, 190 bots, xiii–xiv, 13, 15, 124–133, 145, 175, 225 Climate Challenge, 76 boundary work, xi CNN (Cable News Network), 94, 191 Boyd, Danah, 110 Cochrane, Elizabeth, 31 Bradshaw, Paul, 161, 167 codes, cultural x, xii, 101–102, 126 Brandeis, Louis, 190 colonialism, 42 Breese, Elizabeth Butler, vii, x–xi, 128, Colonialism, Settler, 40 194, 226 Colombia Check, 203 BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation), Columbia Journalism Review, 44 10, 47, 62, 80, 85, 131–132, 140, Columna Capital, 115 180–182 computer-assisted reporting (CAR), British Press Association, xiv, 130–131, 108–109, 161, 165 166–167 convergence, 8–9, 11, 42, 73, 101 Brooks, Richard, 118 Convergence: The International Journal of Bruno, N., viii Research into New Media Burke, Edmund, 159 Technologies, 75 Buzzfeed News, 131–132, 170 Conversation, The, 195 Cordero, Nacho, 117 Cacheiro, Santiago, 126 coronavirus See COVID–19 Cairo, Alberto, 161, 166 Cortana, 179 CALO (Cognitive Assistant that Learns and Cortina, Adela, 96–97, 101 Organizes), 178 COVID-19, viii, 3–4, 13, 16, 46, 59–60, 157, Cambridge Analytica, 170, 175 161, 170, 180, 202–203, 227 Cameron, David, 115, 120 Craft, Stephanie, 190 Canavilhas, João, 96 Craig, David, 129 Can You Beat Usain Bolt?82 Crawford, Kate, 110 Can You Navigate a Day with Depression?81 creative destruction, vii–x, 223 Can You Spot the Threats?73, 76 as creative reconstruction, vii, ix–x, 223 bindex.indd 229 12-03-2021 13:18:20 230 Index credibility, 5, 10, 28, 56, 98, 115, 142, 152, digital culture, xi, xiii 184, 189, 194, 196, 213–215 digital divide, 168–169 Crisis of Journalism Reconsidered, The, vii digitalization, x–xi, 7, 20, 41, 42–43, 46–47 ¿Crees que eres un buen conductor?85 digital media ethics (DME), 15 crowdsourcing, 12, 21, 109, 171 DigitalMinds, 168, 171 cultural change, 189 Digital News Report, 208, 215 cultural objectivity, 158 Disney +, 3 cultural performance, xi, xiii docugames, 74 cultural sociology, vii, x–xii Documentos, TV, 79 cultural structures, 99–100 Domingo, David, 6 culture(s), professional 191–193 Doyle, Gillian, viii Cushion, Stephen, 162 “Driven to Distraction,”76 Cutthroat Capitalism: The Game, 77 DuerOS, 179 Duportail, Judith, 169, 171 Daily, The, 45 Dwight, Logan, 58 Daily Mail, 85 Damasio, Antonio, 35 economic reductionism, viii, ix Darfur is Dying, 80, 84–85, 86 El Confidencial, 6, 108, 112–121, 164 DARPA (The Department of Defense of the Eldiario, 121 United States), 178 Eldiario.es, 164 Datadista, 164 El Espectador, 195 Data Journalism Awards, 163 Elias, Carlos, 111 data manipulation, 5, 12, 111 See also El Mundo, 80, 164 image manipulation El País, 164, 215 Datawrapper, 162 emotional persuasion, debunking See fact checkers emotions, xii–xiii, 12, 34–36, 61–67, 86–87, De Correspondent, 195 206, 207, 211–213, 224 De la Peña, Nonny, 60 empathy, 12, 36, 55, 61–62, 82–83, 109 Deliveroo, 168 equity of communication, 143, 147–150 Deltour, Antione, 110 ERC (Communication Regulatory democracy, 26, 27–28, 102, 109, 112, 115, Agency), 197 118, 122, 142, 191 Escape from Woomera, 80 dialogic, 27–28, 223 ESPN, 182 egalitarian, 20, 27, 30, 33–35, 37, 38 ethical boundaries, 73–87 elitist, 27 ethical codes, x, 57, 86, 95–100, 128, 132 parliamentary, 27 Ethical Journalism Network, 75, 84 participatory, 27–28 ethics, 55–68 See also professional ethics of plural/istic, 27, 37 journalism populist, 27 of ends, 5 representational, 27 individual, 4 republican, 27 of newsgames 73–87 Detroit Free Press, 160–161 prescriptive, 4 Dewey, John, 27, 32 of procedures, 5 Diakopoulos, Nicholas, 164, 167, 171 social, 4 DiarioGol, 183 of values, 5 Diaz-Campo, Jesús, 128 Eurobarometer, 213 Dickens, Charles, 35 European Council, 202 bindex.indd 230 12-03-2021 13:18:20 Index 231 Euroskepticism, 202, 204 globalization, 20, 117 event-monitoring systems, 144–147 Gmail, 170 extremism, 38 Google, 3, 41, 92–102, 161, 170–171, 174, 177–178, 179, 181–182, 184, 193, 209 Facebook, 3, 10–1, 41, 44, 92–93, 152, Google Allo, 178 170–171, 180, 192, 208, 211–212 Google Assistant, 178–179, 183 Facebook Instant Articles (IA)93, 95 Google Home, 176, 182 fact checkers, 202–216 Google Instant, 174 Factfulness, 161 Google Maps, 170 facts, 20–38, 57, 77, 79, 83, 87, 96, 141, Google News Initiative, 46, 163, 170 159–160, 165, 189, 203, 211 Google New Lab, 170 Factitious, 83 Google Now, 178 fairness, xi, 12, 22, 26, 75, 79–82, 142 Gradgrind, Thomas, 36 Fake It to Make It, 83 Graefe, Andreas, 126, 127 fake news, 10, 20, 22, 30, 41, 83–84, 93, 148, Greenhill, Kelly M., 162 183, 202, 204, 213, 215–216 See also Gregory, Sam, 61 misinformation Guardian, The, 74, 86, 108, 112–121, Fernández Such, Fernando, 205, 161, 170 206–207, 211 Guillmor, Dan, 96 Fifth Estate, 116,118 Gunlaugsson, Sigmundr David, 119 “Fight for Falluja, The,”63, 65–66 Financial Times, The, 86 Habermas, Jürgen, 143 Finkel, Michael, 78–79 “Háblame de tus fuentes,”197 Fisheye VR, 63–64 Hal 9000, 177 Flourish, 162 Half-Life, 80 Fojba 2000, 73 Hallin, Daniel C., 112 Folha de S. Paolo, 195–196 Harcup, Tony, 4 Food Import Folly, 76 Hard Times, 36 Forbes, 139 Harpy system, 177 Foreword of News, 160 HBO (Home Box Office), 3 Forsythe, Michael, 117 Heliograf, 130 Fourth Estate, 116, 118, 158, 159, 171, 172 Hellmeulier, Lea, 190 Franssen, Jens, 63–64 Heravi, Bhaerah, 163–165 Frasca, Gonzalo, 73–74, 79 Hernández, Robert, 59 French Revolution, The, 159 Hidalgo, David, 197 Freidman, Batya, 82 History of the Peloponnesian War, The, 158 Friend, Cecilia, 5 Hothead Zidane, 76, 81–82, 86 Funes, 132 Howard, Alexander Benjamin, 109 How to Survive a Nuclear Bomb, 82 Games 4 Change, 75 How Y’all, 75 García Tellez, Luisa, 197 humanity, 75, 82–84, 142 gatekeepers, 8, 116, 167 human machine communication, 175–176 GCPR (General Data Protection Regulation), 169 IBM (International Business Machines gender, 112, 168–169 Corporation), 177 Getty Images, 141 ICFJ (International Center for Gilbert, Feremy, 84 Journalists), 162 bindex.indd 231 12-03-2021 13:18:20 232 Index ICIJ (International Consortium of artificial, 138–139 Investigative Journalists), 107, automated, 124–125, 138–139 109–110, 112–121, 140 civic engagement, 20, 25–26 IDL Reporteros, 108 community, 30 Iliffe Media, 130 computational 160, 161 image manipulation, 5, 56, 58, 64, 215 continuum of, 24–26 See also data manipulation crisis of, vii, 44–46 iMessage, 178 as cultural performance, x–xii impartiality, xix, 9, 10, 29, 36, 75, 79–82, data, vii, xv, 87, 107–121, 160–167, 142, 143, 223 171–172, 197 independence, x–xi, 5, 9, 20, 24–25, 56, 75, defining, 27–30, 41–42 84–85, 142, 143, 171, 223, 225 and democracy, 27–28, 30, 37–38, 41, 42, Independent News and Media, 130 102, 159, 214 “infodemic,”202–203 democratically engaged,