MOSAICS OF THE GREEK AND ROMAN WORLD KATHERINE M. D. DUNBABIN The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge , United Kingdom The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge, , UK http://www.cup.cam.ac.uk West th Street, New York, –, USA http://www.cup.org Stamford Road, Oakleigh, Melbourne , Australia © Cambridge University Press This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge Typeset in / ⁄pt Minion in QuarkXPress™ [] A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress cataloguing in publication data Dunbabin, Katherine M. D. Mosaics of the Greek and Roman World / Katherine M. D. Dunbabin. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. x hardback . Mosaics, Ancient. I. Title. .Ј–dc – hardback Publication of this book has been aided by a grant from the Millard Meiss Publication Fund of the College Art Association Contents List of plates viii PART I: Historical and regional development List of figures x List of maps xx . Origins and pebble mosaics . The invention of tessellated mosaics: Preface xxi Hellenistic mosaics in the east Introduction . Hellenistic mosaics in Italy . Mosaics in Italy: Republican and Imperial . The north-western provinces . Britain . The North African provinces . Sicily under the Empire: Piazza Armerina . The Iberian peninsula . Syria and the east . Palestine and Transjordan . Greece: the Imperial period . Asia Minor, Cyprus, Constantinople . Wall and vault mosaics . Opus sectile PART II: Technique and production . Craftsmen and workshops . Techniques and procedures . The repertory . Architectural context and function . The patrons Conclusions Plates – Maps between pp. and Glossary of ornamental patterns Plates – General glossary between pp. and Abbreviations and bibliography Plates – Index of sites and monuments between pp. and General index vii Plates plate Eretria, House of the Mosaics, Nereid panel from detail showing hunter and beasts. Courtesy R. J. A. threshold. Ecole Suisse d’Archéologie en Grèce, cour- Wilson. tesy P. Ducrey. plate Piazza Armerina, room , Erotes fishing, detail. plate Pella, House ., Lion Hunt, detail of lion’s head. Courtesy R. J. A. Wilson. Ekdotike Athenon. plate Italica, geometric mosaic with bust of Dionysus. plate Pella, House ., Lion Hunt, detail of hunter. Photo Mario Producciones, courtesy Museo Ekdotike Athenon. Arqueológico, Seville. plate Thmuis, Sophilos Mosaic, central panel. After plate Emerita, Cosmological Mosaic, detail of Nubs Daszewski pl., courtesy DAI Cairo. (Cloud) with Wind. DAI Madrid, photo P. Witte. plate Delos, House of Dionysus, emblema with tiger- plate Pedrosa de la Vega, Villa de la Olmeda, room , rider, detail of tiger. Photo Z. Welch. geometric mosaic. Photo J. Cortes, courtesy J. Cortes, P. plate Pompeii ,, House of the Faun, Alexander de Palol. Mosaic, detail of Darius. Alinari/Art Resource, NY; plate Pedrosa de la Vega, Villa de la Olmeda, room , . border of panel with Achilles on Skyros, detail. Photo J. plate Pompeii ,, House of the Faun, Marine Scene, Cortes, courtesy J. Cortes, P. de Palol. detail. Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY. plate Pedrosa de la Vega, Villa de la Olmeda, room , plate Pompeii ,, portrait of woman. Scala/Art Achilles on Skyros, detail with heads of Achilles and Resource, NY. daughter of Lykomedes. Photo J. Cortes, courtesy J. plate Praeneste, Sanctuary of Fortuna, crustae-pave- Cortes, P. de Palol. ment. Courtesy R. J. A. Wilson. plate Shahba-Philippopolis, mosaic of Artemis and plate Vienne, floral mosaic. Courtesy J. Lancha. Actaeon, detail of border. KMDD. plate Orbe, mosaic of planetary deities, detail showing plate Antioch, mosaic of Green Carpet, detail. Byzantine chariot of Sun-god. Courtesy R. J. A. Wilson. Collection, Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, DC. plate Valence-sur-Baïse (Gers), vine pavement, detail plate Sepphoris, Dionysiac mosaic, detail showing of band of fruit trees. Photo M.-P. Raynaud, courtesy Drunkenness of Heracles. Photo Zeev Radovan, cour- C. Balmelle. tesy Z. Weiss. plate Loupian, Villa, apse , detail of scroll. Courtesy plate Shavei Zion, church, detail of cross in north aisle. H. Lavagne. KMDD. plate Woodchester, Villa, Orpheus and the beasts, plate Madaba, Church of Map, detail of map of Holy detail of leopard. Crown Copyright NMR /. Land, showing area around Jericho and river Jordan. plate Hinton St Mary, central medallion with bust of KMDD. Christ. Crown Copyright NMR /. plate Hagios Taxiarchis, Mosaic of Seasons, panel with plate Thysdrus, House of the Dionysiac Procession, Winter. Courtesy Z. Welch. Room , vegetal designs, detail of scrolls. KMDD. plate Nea Paphos, House of Aion, triclinium, plate Thuburbo Maius, House of Protomai, trifolium Presentation of infant Dionysus. Courtesy W. A. sector, rooms –, geometric-floral mosaics. CMT Daszewski, Polish Archaeological Mission, with the ., nos.–, pl., photo W. Graham, courtesy kind permission of the Director of the Department of M. Alexander. Antiquities, Cyprus. plate Carthage, House of the Horses, Mosaic of plate Pompeii ,, House of the Small Fountain, Horses, detail of border. KMDD. aedicula-fountain, detail. KMDD. plate Thamugadi, House of Piscina, mosaic of acan- plate Pompeii (Ins.Occ.),, House of the thus rosettes. Courtesy R. J. A. Wilson. Wedding of Alexander, fountain-nymphaeum, detail of plate Thamugadi, Ilot , mosaic of acanthus scrolls, apse and garden scene. Photo Stanley Jashemski detail. Courtesy R. J. A. Wilson. ––, courtesy W. Jashemski (after Jashemski, plate Piazza Armerina, corridor of Great Hunt (), Gardens , fig.). detail showing capture of rhinoceros. Courtesy R. J. A. plate Rome, Basilica of Junius Bassus, opus sectile Wilson. panel with Hylas and the Nymphs. Soprintendenza plate Piazza Armerina, corridor of Great Hunt (), Archeologica di Roma, neg.. viii List of plates plate Ostia, Building outside Porta Marina, hall with plate Ostia, Building outside Porta Marina, hall with opus sectile, detail of frieze with floral scroll. opus sectile, panel with lion attacking stag. Soprintendenza Archeologica di Ostia. Soprintendenza Archeologica di Ostia. ix Figures figure Corinth, Centaur Bath, general view. American figure Morgantina, House of Ganymede, detail School of Classical Studies at Athens, Corinth showing lower body of Ganymede. Department of Art Excavations no.––, photo I. Ioannidou. page and Archaeology, Princeton University. figure Corinth, Centaur Bath, detail of Centaur. Amer- figure Alexandria, Shatby Stag Hunt. DAI Cairo Inst. ican School of Classical Studies at Athens, Corinth Neg., photo D. Johannes. Excavations no.––, photo L. Bartziotou. figure Alexandria, Shatby Stag Hunt, detail of Eros. figure Olynthos, House of the Comedian, andron DAI Cairo Inst. Neg., photo D. Johannes. mosaic. After Olynthus , pl.,. figure Alexandria, Shatby Stag Hunt, detail of figure Olynthos, Villa of Good Fortune, plan. After D. animal frieze. DAI Cairo Inst. Neg., photo D. M. Robinson, AJA , , fig.. Johannes. figure Olynthos, Villa of Good Fortune, Dionysiac figure Thmuis, mosaic signed by Sophilos. DAI Cairo mosaic from andron. After D. M. Robinson, AJA , Inst. Neg., photo D. Johannes. , pl.. figure Rome, mosaic of asarotos oikos, signed by figure Eretria, House of the Mosaics, anteroom and Heraklitos, detail. Musei Vaticani Archivio Fotografico, andron. Ecole Suisse d’Archéologie en Grèce, courtesy Neg..xxxiv... P. Ducrey. figure Tibur, Hadrian’s Villa, Doves of Sosos. Archivio figure Eretria, House of the Mosaics, griffins and Fotografico dei Musei Capitolini, photo A. Idini. Arimasps from andron. Ecole Suisse d’Archéologie en figure Pergamon, Palace , Altar Room, Parrot Grèce, courtesy P. Ducrey. Mosaic, detail of garland. Antikensammlung, Staat- figure Sikyon, floral mosaic. DAI Athens, neg./, liche Museen zu Berlin–Preussischer Kulturbesitz, photo G. Hellner. Neg.Nr. , courtesy I. Kriseleit. figure Pella, House ., Lion Hunt. TAP Service, figure Pergamon, Palace , mosaic with signature of Athens. Hephaistion, detail of signature. Antikensammlung, figure Pella, House ., Dionysus on leopard. TAP Staatliche Museen zu Berlin–Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Service, Athens. Neg.Nr. , courtesy I. Kriseleit. figure Pella, House ., Dionysus, detail of head of figure Delos, House , Room , tessellated panel at Dionysus. Courtesy A.-M. Guimier-Sorbets. centre of chip-pavement. KMDD. figure Pella, House ., Stag Hunt signed by Gnosis. figure Delos, House N, room , tessellated panel at TAP Service, Athens. centre of chip-pavement. Ecole française d’Athènes, figure Pella, House ., Stag Hunt, detail of border. no. .bis. Courtesy A.-M. Guimier-Sorbets. figure Delos, Agora of the Italians, niche , geometric figure Vergina, Palace, room , drawing of floral mosaic. Ecole française d’Athènes, no. .. mosaic. After M. Andronikos et al., To Anaktoro tes figure Delos, House of Dionysus, emblema with tiger- Bergines (Athens ) pl.. rider. Ecole française d’Athènes, no.. figure Rhodes, Bellerophon and Chimaira. KB’ figure Delos, House of the Dolphins, courtyard. Ecole Ephoreia Proïstorikon kai Klasikon Arkhaioteton française d’Athènes, no. .. Dodekanesou, courtesy I. Papachristodoulou. figure Delos, House of the Dolphins, courtyard,