Table of Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 1 Chapter 1 -Connecticut Consolidated Assessment and Listing Methodology (CT CALM) ................... 5 Chapter 2 – 305(b) Assessment Results ................................................................................................ 30 Chapter 3 - Waterbodies Identified for Restoration and Protection Strategies Pursuant to Section 303 of the Clean Water Act ................................................................................................................. 204 References ........................................................................................................................................... 348 Figure 1-1. Connecticut Rivers and Lake Basins Index ........................................................................ 11 Figure 1-3. Macroinvertebrate Multimetric Index (MMI) model results showing the predicted stream health condition. ............................................................................................................................. 17 Figure 1-4. Hypoxia map interpolations are overlain on a map of sampling station locations and assessment units to assist with evaluating excursions below the dissolved oxygen criterion. ....... 21 Figure 1-5. Assessment units overlain on shellfish growing area classifications in Long Island Sound. ............................................................................................................................................. 26 Figure 1-6. Example of pivot table report showing percentage of segment area falling under each CT DA/BA classifications. ................................................................................................................... 27 Figure 2-1. Waterbody segments assessed for one or more designated uses ........................................ 30 Figure 2-2. Waterbody segments assessed for Aquatic Life Use Support (ALUS) .............................. 32 Figure 2-3. Aquatic Life Use Support (ALUS) in Connecticut Rivers ................................................ 33 Figure 2-4. Aquatic Life Use Support (ALUS) in Connecticut Lakes ................................................. 34 Figure 2-5. Aquatic Life Use Support (ALUS) in Connecticut Estuaries ............................................ 35 Figure 2-6. Waterbody segments assessed for Recreational Use Support (REC) ................................. 36 Figure 2-7. Recreational Use Support (REC) in Connecticut Rivers ................................................... 37 Figure 2-9. Recreational Use Support (REC) in Connecticut Estuaries .............................................. 39 Figure 2-10. Waterbody segments assessed for Shellfishing Use Support. ......................................... 40 Figure 2-11. Shellfishing Use Support in Connecticut Estuaries ......................................................... 41 Figure 2-12. Statewide statistical assessment for aquatic life in wadeable streams in Connecticut. .... 43 Figure 2-13. Comparing Connecituct lakes to the Nation based on Total Nitrogen from the 2007 National Lakes Assessment in Connecticut.................................................................................... 45 Figure 2-14. Comparing Connecituct lakes to the Nation based on Total Phosphorus from the 2007 National Lakes Assessment in Connecticut.................................................................................... 46 Figure 2-15. Comparing Connecituct lakes to the Nation based on Chlorophyll-a from the 2007 National Lakes Assessment in Connecticut.................................................................................... 47 Figure 2-16. Comparing Connecituct lakes to the Nation based on Secchi Depth from the 2007 National Lakes Assessment in Connecticut.................................................................................... 48 Figure 3-1 Key Components of Water Quality Attainment ................................................................ 204 Figure 3-2: Water Quality Planning and Implementation Process ..................................................... 205 Figure 3-3. Total segments in US EPA Category 4 and 5 .................................................................. 207 Figure 3-4 Cummulative Number of Approved TMDLs in Connecticut ........................................... 208 Figure 3-5 Subregional Basins and Estuaries with Established TMDLs in Connecticut .................... 208 Figure 3-6 In-state Areas Targeted for Nitrogen Reductions .............................................................. 209 Figure 3-7. Freshwaters Targeted for Management Measures of Cultural Eutrophication ................. 210 Figure 3-8. Total segments by Designated Use that require a TMDL or equivalent plan .................. 213 ii Table 1-1. Designated uses for surface waters as described in CT WQS and the IWQR. ...................... 6 Table 1-2. Timeline for submitting data to DEEP and tiered data quality considerations for assessments of the State’s waters. .................................................................................................... 8 Table 1-3. Aquatic Life Use Support (ALUS) categories and contributing decision criteria for wadeable streams. ........................................................................................................................... 15 Table 1-4. Aquatic Life Use Support (ALUS) in estuaries as determined by dissolved oxygen levels. .............................................................................................................................................. 19 Table 1-5. Fish consumption use support and criteria. ........................................................................ 22 Table 1-6. Shellfish harvesting use support as determined by shellfish growing area classifications .. 24 Table 1-7. Decision criteria for various categories of recreational use support. ................................... 28 Table 2-1. Designated use support summaries for rivers, lakes and estuaries. .................................... 31 Table 2-2. Statewide statistical assessment for aquatic life in wadeable streams in Connecticut. ....... 42 Table 2-3. Statewide statistical assessment for recreation in wadeable streams in Connecticut. ......... 42 Table 2-4. Connecticut 305b Assessment Results for Rivers and Streams ........................................... 49 Table 2-5. Connecticut 305b Assessment Results for Lakes .............................................................. 137 Table 2-6. Connecticut 305b Assessment Results for Estuaries ......................................................... 151 Table 2-7. Site Specific Fish Consumption Advisories. ..................................................................... 198 Table 3-1: Designated Uses for Surface Waters in Connecticut ........................................................ 205 Table 3-2. Definitions of US EPA Categories 4 and 5 for Assessed Waterbodies in Connecticut .... 206 Table 3-3 Summary of Designated Uses with Common Stressors ..................................................... 212 Table 3-4. Connecticut Impaired Waters List (EPA Category 5) ....................................................... 216 Table 3-5. Waterbodies with Adopted TMDLs .................................................................................. 265 Table 3-6. Pollution Control Measures for Waterbody Segments (EPA Category 4b) ..................... 295 Table 3-7. Nonpollutant Impairments (EPA Category 4c) ................................................................. 301 Table 3-8. Reconciliation List of Impaired Waters (Delistings and Listings) ................................... 307 Table 3-9. Priority List for TMDL Development of Impaired Waterbodies ...................................... 336 iii Table of Acronyms 303(d) Section 303(d) of the Federal Clean Water Act, which requires States to employ corrective actions to address waters impaired by one or more pollutants (also referred to the 303(d) list) 305(b) Section 305(b) of the Federal Clean Water Act, which requires States to assess and report on the status of their waters every two years 319(a) Section 319(a) of the Federal Clean Water Act, which requires States to prepare a report that identifies waters impaired by nonpoint source pollution, its sources and programs to reduce such pollution ADB Assessment Database ALUS Aquatic Life Use Support AU Assessment Unit; a section of a waterbody for which water quality is determined CFU Colony Forming Unit for bacteria enumeration CSO Combined Sewer Overflow CT CALM Connecticut Consolidated Assessment and Listing Methodology CT DA/BA Connecticut Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Aquaculture CT DEP Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection (previous name of Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental) CT DPH Connecticut Department of Public Health CT WQS Connecticut Water Quality Standards CTWL Connecticut Section 303d Waters List providing the State’s evaluation of surface water bodies for restoration and protection strategies in accordance with the requirements of Section 303 of the Federal Clean Water Act CWA (Federal) Clean Water Act CWF Connecticut Clean Water Fund DEEP Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection formally known as Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection IWQR Integrated Water Quality Report