ASIA-PACIFIC FISHERY COMMISSION Regional overview of fisheries and aquaculture in Asia and the Pacific 2012 RAP PUBLICATION 2012/26 100 000 80 000 60 000 40 000 20 000 0 1950 1955 1960 1965 Rest of the world China 1970 1975 memberAPFIC 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 viii RAP PUBLICATION 2012/26 Asia-Pacific Fishery Commission (APFIC) Regional overview of fisheries and aquaculture in Asia and the Pacific 2012 Simon Funge-Smith, Matthew Briggs, Weimin Miao Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific Bangkok, 2012 i The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. 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All requests for translation and adaptation rights, and for resale and other commercial use rights should be addressed to www.fao.org/contact-us/licence-request or to [email protected]. FAO information products are available on the FAO website (www.fao.org/publications) and can be purchased through [email protected]. For copies please write to: The Secretary Asia-Pacific Fishery Commission FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific Maliwan Mansion, 39 Phra Athit Road Bangkok 10200 THAILAND Tel: (+66) 2 697 4000 Fax: (+66) 2 697 4445 E-mail: [email protected] ii Foreword The Asia-Pacific Fishery Commission (APFIC) is committed to acting as a regional consultative forum, providing member countries, regional organizations and fisheries professionals in the region with the opportunity to review and discuss the challenges facing the region’s fisheries sector and helping them decide on the most appropriate actions to take. As part of this function, APFIC prepares a biennial status report to inform member countries and other stakeholders of trends in fisheries and aquaculture in the region and of emerging issues and other information tracking related to fisheries governance. The report is prepared for and provided to member countries and other stakeholders to assist in their deliberations during the biennial APFIC regional consultative forum meeting and the regular session of the Commission. The present report Regional overview of fisheries and aquaculture in Asia and the Pacific 2012 provides information on trends in fisheries and aquaculture in the region as well as short reviews of some current issues facing fisheries and aquaculture in the region that are likely to challenge the sector as it adapts to the continuously changing production and market environments. The marine capture fisheries section of the report has been organized to reflect the three large ecosystems of interest to the region, namely the South China Sea and the Bay of Bengal and the Sulu-Sulawesi/Timor-Arafura Seas subregions. The aquaculture review is organized around different commodity groups and their respective characteristics. As a regional sourcebook of trends in fisheries and aquaculture, the information contained in this review will support regional dialogue on the status of these marine fishery subregions and the commodity trends in aquaculture. Hiroyuki Konuma Assistant Director-General and Regional Representative FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific iii iv Preparation of this document This document was prepared for the Thirty-second Session of the Asia-Pacific Fishery Commission (APFIC), which was held in Da Nang, Viet Nam from 20 to 22 September 2012. APFIC has continued to implement its new role as a regional consultative forum and is endeavouring to respond effectively to the changing requirements in the fisheries and aquaculture sector in the region. APFIC is committed to improving the quality of information on the status and trends of fisheries and aquaculture in the region and to reviewing and analyzing this information regularly. The purpose of this document is to inform APFIC member countries of the current status and potential of fisheries and aquaculture in Asia and the Pacific region and of the emerging issues facing the sector. This review would not have been possible without access to the national statistical information of APFIC member countries, FAO colleagues, the work of regional organizations such as Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center (SEAFDEC), Bay of Bengal Programme International Governmental Organization (BOBP-IGO) and the many others that collate and analyze information relevant to the fishery and aquaculture subsectors of the region. In particular, we would like to acknowledge the dedicated contributions by country correspondents: – Mohamed Ahusan, Senior Research Officer, Marine Research Centre, H. White Waves Moonlight Hingun, Male 20025, Republic of Maldives – Ahmad Abu Talib, SEAFDEC-MFRDMD, Department of Fisheries Malaysia, Fisheries Garden, Chendering, 21080 Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia – Rattanawalee Phoonsawat, Fisheries Biologist, Marine Fisheries Research and Development Bureau, Department of Fisheries Thailand, 49 Soi Prarachaveriyaporn 16, Bang Pheung, Phra Pradeang, Samut Prakan 10130, Thailand – Duto Nugroho, Researcher, Research Institute for Marine Fisheries (RIMF), Jalan Muara Baru Ujung, Komplek Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudra, Jakarta 14430, Indonesia – Noel Barut, Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, Department of Agriculture, Arcadia Building, Quezon Avenue, Quezon City, Philippines – E. Vivekanandan, Principal Scientist, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Post Box No. 1603, Cochin 682018, Kerala, India – Champa Amarasiri, Former Director, National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency (NARA), Crow Island, Mattakkuliya, Colombo 15, Sri Lanka – Myint Pe, Assistant Director, Department of Fisheries, Sinmin Road, Ahlone Township, Yangon, Myanmar – Yongsong Qiu, Chief of Fishery Resources Division, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, 231 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510300, China – M. Jalilur Rahman, Senior Scientific Officer, Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Marine Fisheries and Technology Station, Cox’s Bazar 4700, Bangladesh Bibliographic reference Funge-Smith, S., Briggs, M. & Miao, W. 2012. Regional overview of fisheries and aquaculture in Asia and the Pacific 2012. Asia-Pacific Fishery Commission, FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific. RAP Publication 2012/26. 139 pp. v vi Table of contents Page Foreword ........................................................................................................................................... iii Preparation of this document ......................................................................................................... v Introduction....................................................................................................................................... 1 Geographical scope of this review: states, entities and areas .................................................. 1 Marine capture fisheries ............................................................................................................ 1 Inland fisheries ........................................................................................................................... 2 Aquaculture ................................................................................................................................2 General trends in marine capture fisheries and in the APFIC region ....................................... 2 Issues of ‘nei’ reporting species composition in national statistics ........................................ 3 Classifications of APFIC region national fishery management areas ...................................... 4 Fisheries classifications ................................................................................................................. 6 Subregional overviews of marine capture fisheries.................................................................... 8 Trends in marine capture fishery production in the South China Sea subregion .................. 10 Changes in species composition in the South China Sea and Gulf of Thailand subregion .... 12 Fishery/stock assessments........................................................................................................ 15 Trends in CPUE/catch rates ...................................................................................................... 19 Low-value/trash fish production................................................................................................. 21 Fishmeal production..................................................................................................................