Progress in Marine Conservation in Europe 2012 Henning von Nordheim, Katharina Maschner and Katrin Wollny-Goerke (Eds.) BfN-Skripten 339 2013 Progress in Marine Conservation in Europe 2012 Proceedings of the Symposium Stralsund, Germany 18 - 22 June 2012 Editors Henning von Nordheim Katharina Maschner Katrin Wollny-Goerke Cover picture: Conference poster (©Graner /BfN, Gust / BfN, Krause & Hübner / BfN, OZEANEUM Stralsund, Schlorke, Schories / BfN; Layout: von Nordheim, Maschner, Wollny-Goerke) Coordination: Dr. Henning von Nordheim Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN) Marine and Coastal Nature Conservation Isle of Vilm 18581 Putbus, Germany Conference preparation: Katharina Maschner German Oceanographic Museum Katharinenberg 14-20 18439 Stralsund, Germany Katrin Wollny-Goerke Kakenhaner Weg 170 22397 Hamburg, Germany Further information on the actual status and background of marine protected areas under the Habitats Direcitve and the Birds Directive of the EU in the German Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) can be found on the BfN web page www.habitatmare.de This publication is included in the literature database “DNL-online” (www.dnl-online.de) BfN-Skripten are not available in book trade but can be downloaded in a pdf version from the internet at: http://www.bfn.de/0502_skripten.html or www.habitatmare.de. 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ISBN 978-3-89624-074-3 Bonn, Germany 2013 Progress in Marine Conservation in Europe 2012 Index Preface ....................................................................................................................................................V Acknowledgement ..................................................................................................................................VI Introduction.............................................................................................................................................. 1 Opening Beate Jessel: Key Issues of Marine Conservation in Germany and Europe .......................................... 5 Dan Laffoley: Today’s global Oceans Stresses, Impacts and Solutions - The State of the Ocean Report .................................................................................................................................................... 15 Henning von Nordheim et al.: Marine Biodiversity and Networks of Marine Protected Areas – Towards a global network of MPAs in Areas beyond national jurisdiction ........................................... 25 Fotios Papoulias: The Implementation of the Natura 2000 Network in European marine areas - Relation to the Marine Strategy Framework Directive .......................................................................... 39 Dieter Boedeker & Tim Packeiser: Network of MPAs in the Maritime Area of HELCOM and OSPAR by 2012 .................................................................................................................................... 45 Marie Romani: MPAs in the Mediterranean Sea - Coherence and Efficiency ...................................... 65 Jenny Oates & Jon Davies: Progress of the UK’s MPAs towards an Ecologically Coherent Network . 73 Management and Monitoring of Marine Protected Areas Jochen Krause & Detlef Czybulka: Towards the Management of MPAs in the German EEZ of the North- and Baltic Sea ............................................................................................................................ 85 Jens Enemark & Harald Marenic: Wadden Sea World Heritage -- Recent Progress in Protecting and Managing the World´s largest Tidal Barrier Island System ............................................................ 87 Management of Anthropogenic Impacts on Marine Ecosystems Anne Christine Brusendorff: International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) and Marine Biodiversity .............................................................................................................................. 105 Karin Lüdemann & Sven Koschinski: Minimizing Underwater Noise from Offshore Wind Farm Construction ........................................................................................................................................ 115 Lindy Weilgart: Alternative Quieter Technologies to Seismic Airguns for Collecting Geophysical Data ..................................................................................................................................................... 127 Kim Detloff: Marine Litter: Projects – Threats – Solutions .................................................................. 135 Stefan Garthe et al.: Sensitivity of Seabirds to Anthropogenic Activities: a multi-factorial approach . 147 An Cliquet et al.: Conflicting interests between Offshore Wind Farm Development and the Designation of a Natura 2000 Site: riding a Belgian policy roller coaster? ......................................... 149 Josh Gibson et al.: Great Barrier Reef Region Strategic Assessment ............................................... 167 2 Marine Nature Conservation and Fisheries in Europe Rainer Froese: Towards Sustainable Fisheries in Europe ................................................................. 179 Josh Gibson et al.: Role of No-take Marine Reserves in the Protection of Marine Biodiversity ......... 183 Joachim Claudet: Ecological and Fisheries Benefits of Marine Protected Areas ............................... 193 Christian Pusch: Fishery Measures in German Natura 2000-Sites .................................................... 201 Hans Nieuwenhuis: Implementation of Natura 2000 in the Dutch North Sea: Managing Fisheries ... 215 Sara Königson & Sven-Gunnar Lunneryd: Development of alternative Fishing Gear in the Swedish small-scale coastal fisheries ................................................................................................. 217 Short Notes / Project Reports Edward Vanden Berghe et al.: The Census of Marine Life, the Ocean Biogeographic Information System, and where do we go from here? Future perspectives .......................................................... 229 Philip Weaver & Veerle Huvenne: Seabed Mapping and its Contribution to the Goal of Sustainable Management in the Ocean .................................................................................................................. 239 Max Schuster: Mapping of Underwater Noise .................................................................................... 247 Marc Reichenbach et al.: Optimising the Lighting Equipment on the Mittelplate drilling and Production island in the German Wadden Sea Tidelands .................................................................. 249 Lonnie Mikkelsen et al.: Blue Reef - a Danish Reef Restoration Project in a Natura 2000 Site ......... 259 Pilar Marin et al.: Identifying and Proposing MPAs in the Baltic Sea and the Mediterranean ............ 267 European Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) Britta Knefelkamp et al.: The EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) - State of Implementation in Germany - .............................................................................................. 281 Wim van Urk: The Dutch Approach on the Implementation of the EU – Marine Strategy Framework Directive ........................................................................................................................... 289 Eduard Interwies & Stefan Görlitz: Economic Aspects of the MSFD: Why and how to estimate the Benefits of Measures? .................................................................................................................. 301 Protection of Marine Endangered Species Janet Brown & Elizabeth C. Ashton: Restoration of Oysters: a Missing Habitat. ............................... 311 Vangelis Paravas et al.: Mediterranean Monk Seal Conservation. The Role of Marine Protected Areas and ‘Horizontal’ Measures for the Preservation of the Species in Greek Seas........................ 321 Sarah Fowler: Conservation and Management of Northeast Atlantic Sharks .................................... 331 Marije Siemensma: Conservation plan for the Harbour Porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) in The Netherlands: towards a favourable conservation status ..................................................................... 333 Jens Koblitz: The Baltic Sea Harbour Porpoise (Phocoena phocoena): What do we know and what do we need to know?.................................................................................................................. 343 Anders Galatius: Recovery of the Grey Seal (Halichoerus grypus) Population in the southern Baltic Sea .....................................................................................................................