FOCUS ON Tke Soviet Challenge Seventh Annual Institute on United States Foreign Policy j>-- </> ir lll > z D HJ I I- z o H ¡í u S K D O) IU D - W > 3 FOCf/S ON D A> U < -> * o [L A. , LL [L uT « < ÜJ * X' O D OQ -I < O c _J o THE SOVIET O s — ir 2 ¿o' i 0 SITY OF O ü_ Z 0 CHALLENGE U. ni z h O OLD O UJ h en G) 2 h S D II) n. Z Z 0 SEVENTH ANNUAL INSTITUTE ON UNITED STATES FOREIGN POLICY PREFACE This booklet is the fourth ¡n the "Global Focus Series" published by the Institute for World Affairs Education, a series of publications, each designed to present in a single booklet a variety of viewpoints on an important foreign policy issue, to meet the need for greater public knowledge and understanding of intemational relations. These papers are based upon the proceedings of the Seventh Annual Institute on United States Foreign Policy held at The University of Wis- consin-Milwaukee on March 2, 1963. The foreign policy institute is held annually in Milwaukee and is sponsored by the Institute for World Affairs Education, The University of Wisconsin—Milwaukee, the University Extensión División, World Affairs Council of Milwaukee, and League of Women Voters of Wisconsin, in association with a number of community civic and educational organizations. Cooperating groups included the American Association for the United Nations; American Association of University Women; Business and Professional Women's Clubs of Milwaukee; Governor's Committee on the United Nations; International Institute of Milwaukee County, Inc.; and United World Federalists-Midwest Región. The Program Planning Committee included Professor Donald R. Shea, co-chairman, and Mrs. Ralph H. Wenberg of the Institute for World Affairs Education; Professor V. Stanley Vardys of The University of Wisconsin- Milwaukee, Department of Political Science; David E. Beckwith, co-chairman, Walter B. Gerken, and Thomas N. Tuttle of the World Affairs Council of Milwaukee; and Mrs. W. G. Hyde and Mrs. Karl Bostrom, co-chairmen, of the League of Women Voters of Wisconsin. Local arrange- ments were by Mrs. Harry J. Rose and Mrs. William C. Lutzen for the Leagues of Women Voters in Milwaukee County. The booklet was edited and supervised for publication by Mrs. Ralph H. Wenberg of the Institute for World Affairs Education. Mrs. Orrin Helstad of The University of Wisconsin Extensión División collaborated in the editing. Conference pictures are by Isadore Knox of The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Photo Laboratory. Donald R. Shea Director Institute for World Affairs Education ii CONTENTS FOREWORD vi i INTRODUCTION viü U. S. FOREIGN POLICY FOR THE SIXTIES: RESPONSE TO THE SOVIET CHALLENGE 1 Mose Harvey Soviet Affairs Specialist and Sénior Member Policy Planning Council United States Department of State INSIDE THE SOVIET UNION 15 John Scott Special Assistant to the Publisher TIME, THE WEEKLY NEWSMAGAZINE THE SOVIET BLOC: IS THE MONOLITH CRACKING? 24 Marshall D. Shulman Research Associate Russian Research Center Harvard University AMERICAN-SOVIET RELATIONS: A CRITIQUE 34 Fred Warner Neal Professor, International Relations and Government Claremont College KHRUSHCHEV'S FOREIGN POLICY: COEXISTENCE OR CONFLICT? 47 Philip E. Mosely Director, The European Institute Professor, International Relations Columbio University PANEL DISCUSSION 62 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 69 RESOURCE MATERIALS 80 iii MOSE HARVEY is an officer ¡n the U. S. Foreign Service and currently a sénior member of the Policy Planning Council of the Department of State, with particular responsibiIity for the Council's work on the U.S.S.R. and the Communist bloc. He was educated at Emory University ¡n Atlanta and the University of California where he received a doc- tórate in 1937. He has served as Director of the State Department's Office of Intelligence and Research on the Sino-Soviet Bloc, Director of Political Affairs in the National War College, Deputy Chief of the U. S. Mission in Helsinki, and Deputy U. S. Representative to the International Atomic Energy Agency in Vienna. He is the author of numerous papers on Soviet affairs and has taught the sub¡ect at Emory University and Johns Hopkins University. JOHN SCOTT is Special Assistant to the Pub- lisher of TIME, The Weekly Newsmagazine. He studied at The University of Wisconsin from 1929 to 1931 and at the Sorbonne in Paris from 1938 to 1939. While in Russia from 1932 to 1937 work- ing in the Siberian steel milis, he married a Russian woman, María Dikareva. Mr. Scott was a ¡ournalist in Moscow, Paris, the Balkans, the Near East, Japan, and Berlín from 1938 to 1941, and for five years, 1943 to 1948, he was a war correspondent for TIME. He is the author of the following books: Behind the Urals, Dual for Europe, Europe and Revolution, Political Warfare, Democracy Is Not Enough, Ruble Diplomacy, and Crisis in Communist China. MARSHALL D. SHULMAN is Research Associate at the Russian Research Center at Harvard Uni- versity and Professor of International Politics at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy. He holds an A.B. degree from the University of Michi- gan and A.M. and Ph.D. degrees from Columbio University. He did field research in France, studying the operation of the French Communist party in relation to developments in Moscow. Pro- fessor Shulman served as an Information Officer of the U. S. Mission to the United Nations from 1948 to 1950 and as Special Assistant to the Secretary of State from 1950 to 1953. He is the author of numerous articles and books including the 1963 publication, Stalin's Foreign Policy Reappraised, and was one of the two Consulting editors of the secondary school textbook, The Meaning of Com- munism, by William Miller. FRED WARNER NEAL ¡s Professor of International Relations and Government at the Claremont Grad- úate School, Claremont, California, and is head of the Gradúate School's program in International Relations. He has also taught at the University of California at Los Angeles, the University of Michigan, the University of Colorado, the Ecole des Sciences Politiques in Paris, the University of Lyon, and the University of Strasbourg. He was formerly Consultant on Russian Affairs in the Department of State. Professor Neal received his Ph.D. degree from the University of Michigan and also studied at Harvard University, the University of Paris, and Karlova University in Prague. He is the author of War and Pea ce and Germany, U. S. Foreign Policy and the Soviet Union, Yugoslavia and the New Communism, Titoism in Action, and numerous articles on international politics and Eastern European affairs. PHILIP E. MOSELY is Director of The European Institute and Professor of International Relations at Columbia University. He was formerly Director of Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations, Inc., and, prior to that. Director of The Russian Institute of Columbia University. He has also taught at Union College, Princeton University, and Cornell University. He received his A.B. degree from Harvard College in 1926 and his Ph.D. degree from Harvard University in 1933. During World War II, he served as an advisor of the Department of State and took part in other government activi- ties. Professor Mosely is the author of numerous articles and books including Russian Diplomacy and the Opening of the Eastern Question in 1838 and 1839 and The Kremlin and World Politics. A 1963 publication, The Soviet Union, 1922-1962: A Foreign Affairs Reader, was edited by Professor Mosely. FOCUS ON THE SOVIET CHALLENGE March 2, 1963 The University of Wisconsin—Milwaukee 8:45 a.m.—Registration: Kenwood Campus Main Auditorium, 3203 North Downer Avenue—Registration fee, $1.00 per person 9:20 a.m.— Welcome: Dr. Joseph G. Baier, Dean, College of Letters and Science, The University of Wisconsin—Milwaukee Presiding at the morning session: Leslie Paffrath, President, The Johnson Foundation, Racine 9:30 a.m. —Address: "U. S. Foreign Policy for the Sixties: Response to the Soviet Challenge" Mose Harvey, Soviet Affairs Specialist and Sénior Member, Policy Planning Council, U. S. Department of State 10:10 a.m.— Question Period 10:30 a.m .—Address: "Inside the Soviet Union" John Scott, Associate Editor, TIME Magazine, New York 11:00 a.m .-Address: "The Soviet Bloc: Is the Monolith Cracking?" Marshall D. Shulman, Research Associate, Russian Research Center, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; recent guest on "Meet the Press"; author of U.S.S.R. and Eastern Europe, numerous books and articles 11:30 a.m. — Question Period 12:00 p.m.— Box Luncheon: Pearse Hall, Room 4—$1.50 per person Presiding at the afternoon session: Thomas N. Tuttle, Chairman, World Affairs Council of Milwaukee 1:20 p.m. —Address: "Afnerican-Soviet Relations: A Critique" Fred Warner Neal, Professor, International Relations and Government, Claremont College, Claremont, California; author of Titoism in Action, U. S. Foreign Policy and the Soviet Union, numerous books and articles 1:50 p.m. —Address: "Khrushchev's Foreign Policy: Coexistence or Conflict?" Philip Mosely, Director of Studies, Council on Foreign Relations; Former Director, Russian Institute, Columbia University, New York; author of The Kremlin and World Politics, numerous books and articles 2:20 p.m.— Panel Discussion by Program Participants Moderator: Mrs. Donald E. Clusen, Green Bay, President, League of Women Voters of Wisconsin Question Period 3:30 p.m. —Adjoumment FOREWORD This collection provides a unique opportunity from a single volume to gain information and insights ¡nto the panoramic problems of American-Soviet relations after the confrontaron in Cuba. It presents diverse views, from the "official" to "heretical," and allows an understanding not only of different proposals on how to meet the Soviet challenge but also assumptions on which these proposals are based.