Federal Register / Vol. 60, No. 190 / Monday, October 2, 1995 / Proposed Rules 51417 Species Historic range Family Status When Critical Special Scientific name Common name listed habitat rules ******* Lobelia gaudichaudii None .......................... U.S.A. (HI) ................. CampanulaceaeÐ E NA ................ NA ssp. koolauensis. Bellflower. ******* Lobelia monostachya . None .......................... U.S.A. (HI) ................. CampanulaceaeÐ E ................ NA NA Bellflower. ******* Melicope saint-johnii .. Alani ........................... U.S.A. (HI) ................. RutaceaeÐRue ......... E ................ NA NA ******* Myrsine juddii ............. Kolea .......................... U.S.A. (HI) ................. MyrsinaceaeÐ E ................ NA NA Myrsine. ******* Phyllostegia hirsuta .... None .......................... U.S.A. (HI) ................. LamiaceaeÐMint ....... E ................ NA NA ******* Phyllostegia None .......................... U.S.A. (HI) ................. LamiaceaeÐMint ....... E ................ NA NA kaalaensis. ******* Pritchardia kaalae ...... Loulu .......................... U.S.A. (HI) ................. ArecaceaeÐPalm ...... E ................ NA NA ******* Schiedea kealiae ........ None .......................... U.S.A. (HI) ................. CaryophyllaceaeÐ E ................ NA NA Pink. ******* Trematolobelia None .......................... U.S.A. (HI) ................. CampanulaceaeÐ E ................ NA NA singularis. Bellflower. ******* Viola oahuensis .......... None .......................... U.S.A. (HI) ................. ViolaceaeÐViolet ...... E ................ NA NA ******* Dated: September 20, 1995. agrimonioides (kamanomano), Cyanea would implement the Federal protection John G. Rogers, grimesiana ssp. grimesiana (haha), provisions provided by the Act. Acting Director, Fish and Wildlife Service. Cyperus trachysanthos (pu`uka`a), DATES: Comments from all interested Euphorbia haeleeleana (NCN), [FR Doc. 95±24336 Filed 9±29±95; 8:45 am] parties must be received by December 1, BILLING CODE 4310±55±P Isodendrion laurifolium (aupaka), Panicum niihauense (lau `ehu), 1995. Public hearing requests must be Phyllostegia parviflora (NCN), received by November 16, 1995. 50 CFR Part 17 Platanthera holochila (NCN), Sanicula ADDRESSES: Comments and materials purpurea (NCN), Schiedea hookeri concerning this proposal should be sent RIN 1018±AD58 (NCN), Schiedea kauaiensis (NCN), and to Robert P. Smith, Pacific Islands Endangered and Threatened Wildlife Schiedea nuttallii (NCN). The Service Ecoregion Manager, U.S. Fish and and Plants; Proposed Endangered or also proposes threatened status for Wildlife Service, 300 Ala Moana Threatened Status for Fourteen Plant Isodendrion longifolium (aupaka). The Boulevard, Room 6307, P.O. Box 50167, Taxa From the Hawaiian Islands 14 taxa are endemic to the Hawaiian Honolulu, Hawaii 96850. Comments Islands and are now known from one or and materials received will be available AGENCY more of the following Hawaiian : Fish and Wildlife Service, for public inspection, by appointment, IslandsÐNiihau, Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Interior. during normal business hours at the ACTION: Proposed rule. Lanai, Maui, and Hawaii. The 14 plant taxa and their habitats have been above address. SUMMARY: The U.S. Fish and Wildlife variously affected or are currently FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Service (Service) proposes endangered threatened by one or more of the Robert P. Smith, Pacific Islands status pursuant to the Endangered followingÐcompetition, predation, or Ecoregion Manager (see ADDRESSES Species Act of 1973, as amended (Act), habitat degradation from alien species, section) (telephone: 808/541±2749; for 13 plant taxaÐAchyranthes mutica human impacts, fire, and natural facsimile: 808/541±2756). (No common name (NCN)), Cenchrus disasters. This proposal, if made final, 51418 Federal Register / Vol. 60, No. 190 / Monday, October 2, 1995 / Proposed Rules SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: laurifolium, Isodendrion longifolium, Hawaiian IslandsÐLaysan, Midway, Background Panicum niihauense, Phyllostegia Kure, Niihau, Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, parviflora, Platanthera holochila, Lanai, Maui, and Hawaii. The current Achyranthes mutica, Cenchrus Sanicula purpurea, Schiedea hookeri, and historical distribution by island is agrimonioides, Cyanea grimesiana ssp. Schiedea kauaiensis, and Schiedea presented in Table 1 for each of the 14 grimesiana, Cyperus trachysanthos, nuttallii are, or were, known from ten taxa. Euphorbia haeleeleana, Isodendrion TABLE 1.ÐSUMMARY OF ISLAND DISTRIBUTION OF THE PROPOSED TAXA Hawaiian Island Species Ku Mi La Ni KO Mo LMH Achyranthes mutica ......................................................................................... HC Cenchrus agrimonioides ................................................................................. H H H C H C H? Cyanea grimesiana ssp. grimesiana ............................................................... C C C C Cyperus trachysanthos ................................................................................... C C C H H Euphorbia haeleeleana ................................................................................... C C Isodendrion laurifolium .................................................................................... C C Isodendrion longifolium ................................................................................... C C Panicum niihauense ........................................................................................ H C Phyllostegia parviflora ..................................................................................... C H H Platanthera holochila ....................................................................................... C H C C Sanicula purpurea ........................................................................................... C C Schiedea hookeri ............................................................................................ C H Schiedea kauaiensis ....................................................................................... C Schiedea nuttallii ............................................................................................. C C Key: C = current; population last observed within the past 20 years. H = historical; population not seen for over 20 years. ? = questionable locality or inconsistent information in sources. KuÐKure; MiÐMidway; LaÐLaysan; NiÐNiihau; KÐKauai; OÐOahu; MoÐMolokai; LÐLanai; MÐMaui; HÐHawaii. The Hawaiian archipelago includes weathered valleys with steep walls, and substrate. Within nearly 100 eight large volcanic islands (Niihau, well-developed streams, and gently recognized native vegetation types are Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Lanai, sloped flood plains. The older islands to numerous island-specific or region- Kahoolawe, Maui, and Hawaii), as well the northwest (Niihau, Kauai, Oahu, and specific associations, comprising an as offshore islets, shoals, and atolls set Molokai) are generally more weathered. extremely rich array of vegetation types on submerged volcanic remnants at the On a typical older island, sea cliffs and within a very limited geographic area. northwestern end of the chain (the large amphitheater-headed valleys on Major vegetation formations include Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, the windward (northeast) side contrast forests, woodlands, shrublands, including Laysan, Midway, and Kure). with erosionally younger, dissected grasslands, herblands, and pioneer The archipelago covers a land area of slopes on the leeward (southwest) side associations on lava and cinder about 16,600 square kilometers (sq km) (Department of Geography 1983). substrates (Gagne and Cuddihy 1990). (6,400 sq miles (mi)), extending roughly The climate of the Hawaiian Islands In Hawaii, lowland, montane, and between latitude 18°50′ and 28°15′ N reflects the tropical setting buffered by subalpine forest types extend from sea and longitude 154°40′ and 178°70′ W, the surrounding ocean (Department of level to above 3,000 m (9,800 ft) in and ranging in elevation from sea level Geography 1983). The prevailing winds elevation. Coastal and lowland forests to 4,200 meters (m) (13,800 feet (ft)) are northeast tradewinds with some are generally dry or mesic and may be (Department of Geography 1983). The seasonal fluctuation in strength. There open- or closed-canopied. The stature of regional geological setting is a mid- are also winter storm systems and lowland forests is generally under 10 m oceanic volcanic island archipelago set occasional hurricanes. Annual rainfall (30 ft). Ten of the taxa proposed for in a roughly northwest to southeast line, varies greatly by location, with marked listing (Achyranthes mutica, Cenchrus with younger islands to the southeast. windward to leeward gradients over agrimonioides var. agrimonioides, The youngest island, Hawaii, is short distances. Minimum average Cyanea grimesiana ssp. grimesiana, volcanically active. The older islands annual rainfall is less than 250 Euphorbia haeleeleana, Isodendrion are increasingly eroded, so that the millimeters (mm) (10 inches (in.)); the laurifolium, Isodendrion longifolium, basaltic portions of many of the maximum average precipitation is well Panicum niihauense, Schiedea hookeri, northwesternmost islands (such as in excess of 11,000 mm (450 in.) per Schiedea nuttallii, and Schiedea Laysan, Midway, and Kure) are entirely year. Precipitation is greatest during the kauaiensis) have been reported from submerged, and coralline