file:///G|/ProjWip/Products/Omalley/Tim/04%20Transition/T_SAIRR%201990-1994/SAIRR%20Survey%201991-92.HTM RACE RELATIONS SURVEY 1991/92 CAROLE COOPER ROBIN HAMILTON HARRY MASHABELA SHAUN MACKAY JOE KELLY ELIZABETH SIDIROPOLOUS CLAIRE GORDON-BROWN JOHN GARY MOOSAMY Research staff South African Institute of Race relations SOUTH AFRICAN INSTITUTE OF RACE RELATIONS JOHANNESBURG 1992 THE COVER Cover designed by William Steyn file:///G|/ProjWip/Products/Omalley/Tim/04%20Tra...T_SAIRR%201990-1994/SAIRR%20Survey%201991-92.HTM (1 of 1061)25/11/2004 15:10:21 PM file:///G|/ProjWip/Products/Omalley/Tim/04%20Transition/T_SAIRR%201990-1994/SAIRR%20Survey%201991-92.HTM Our cover photograph, reprinted with the kind permission of Beeld, shows Ryno Zweelie, 6, left, and Leroy Mnguni, also 6, on the first day of the 1992 school year at the Jan Colliers Laerskool, in Parkview, Johannesburg. Published by the South African Institute of Race Relations Auden House, 68 De Korte Street Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2001 South Africa Copyrights South African Institute of Race Relations 1992 ISSN 0258-7246 PD5/92 ISBN 0-86982-406-6 Members of the media are free to reprint or report information either in whole or in part, contained in this publication on the strict understanding that the South African Institute of Race Relations is acknowledged. Otherwise, no part of this publication maybe reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electrical, mechanical, photocopy, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. PREFACE This Survey, the 55th edition published by the Institute, introduces some new features to increase its usefulness. Firstly, each chapter begins with a brief list of the ‘key points’ contained in the chapter, and ends (where appropriate) with a list of ‘key projections’ for the future. The second change is that the old Overview chapter (itself a 1983 innovation) has been split in two. This arises out of the Institute’s age-old dilemma: how to make the Survey as up-to-date as possible while at the same time bringing it out as soon as possible after completion. Information flows into the Institute daily and there is always a great temptation to keep on adding it to the relevant Survey chapter. To do so would mean that no chapter would ever be finished, so we always set cut-off dates. The information continues to flow in, of course, so while the completed chapters are being typeset, proofread, indexed, and referenced, we put the new information into a special Synopsis and Update chapter at the beginning of the Survey. For example, the chapter on Constitutional Negotiations summarises the constitutional proposals of the African National Congress. The proposals of the Democratic Party, the Inkatha Freedom Party and those file:///G|/ProjWip/Products/Omalley/Tim/04%20Tra...T_SAIRR%201990-1994/SAIRR%20Survey%201991-92.HTM (2 of 1061)25/11/2004 15:10:21 PM file:///G|/ProjWip/Products/Omalley/Tim/04%20Transition/T_SAIRR%201990-1994/SAIRR%20Survey%201991-92.HTM of the National Party became available only after this chapter had been written, so we have put them into the Synopsis and Update chapter instead. The Synopsis and Update chapter was itself virtually complete when the Convention for a Democratic South Africa was held on 20 and 21 December. So we decided to add at the very beginning of the Survey a new Overview, containing details of these talks as well as foreshadowing some of the issues likely to emerge in negotiations as the next year or two progresses. The Overview also contains some of the most recent statistics showing a downturn in political violence and an upturn in ordinary criminal violence. Further, it reports on some of the most recent economic data and forecasts. In addition, the Overview includes little items conveying some of the flavour of the year—such as white women seeking work as domestic servants; given South Africa’s history, this in its own way says something about unemployment that the bare statistics do not. The index to the Survey contains references not only to the specialist chapters but also to the Overview and Synopsis and Update chapters. Finally, we have attached a special section on foreign relations to the end of the Synopsis and Update chapter. The Institute has always been concerned mainly with the internal affairs of South Africa rather than her foreign relations. However, changes on the home front have had so great an impact on the country’s international position that we decided to record the ending of isolation. And, as a final update, we should perhaps record the coincidence, thousands of miles apart, of two events neither of whose consequences can yet be foreseen: at the very time that 19 diverse South African political organisations were meeting near Jan Smuts Airport in the Convention for a Democratic South Africa, the leaders of various Soviet republics were meeting at Alma-Ata in Kazakhstan to dissolve the Soviet Union and proclaim a new commonwealth of independent states. John Kane-Berman Executive Director South African Institute of Race Relations ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The writers of this Survey wish to thank all those who assisted in producing this volume. We are indebted to Dr Muriel Horrell for writing the chapter on Religious Organisations, Ms Meryl Federi for the chapter on Population and Ms Unjinee Poonan for her contribution to the chapter on Land and Agriculture. The writers are also grateful to all those who provided information, among them various organisations, trade unions, companies, government officials, officials of political parties, members of Parliament, academics and other researchers. file:///G|/ProjWip/Products/Omalley/Tim/04%20Tra...T_SAIRR%201990-1994/SAIRR%20Survey%201991-92.HTM (3 of 1061)25/11/2004 15:10:21 PM file:///G|/ProjWip/Products/Omalley/Tim/04%20Transition/T_SAIRR%201990-1994/SAIRR%20Survey%201991-92.HTM We wish to thank the Institute’s production co-ordinator, Mrs Carol McCutcheon, for her work in style editing, liaising with the printers and production, and the editorial assistant, Mrs Felicity Edwards, for assisting with editing and production. Thanks go to Mrs Connie Matthews and Ms Sarah Zwane for typing parts of the manuscript and for typesetting the Survey. The Institute’s chief librarian, Mrs Ellen Potter, and the assistant librarian, Ms Meryl Federi, assisted by Ms Eunice Halo, Ms Elizabeth Koloko, Ms Clara Masoga, Mrs Sarah Mohale, Mrs Mildred Monyane, Mr Alfred Nkungu and Ms Prisca Nkungu, obtained much of the material and provided the press clipping service essential for the writing of the Survey. We are grateful to Ms Moira Campbell for co-ordinating the production of the Survey cover. Our appreciation also goes to Mrs Naomi Musiker for her invaluable index and to Mrs Dawn Weyers for typesetting the index. NOTES 1 References in the endnotes to Update are to Social and Economic Update, published every three to four months by the South African Institute of Race Relations. References to QC are to Quarterly Countdown, also published every three to four months by the Institute. Fast Facts is a four-pager dealing with current events, published every month by the Institute. 2 Where the year is omitted from a date that is given, the year in question is 1991. 3 The previous Survey was dated 1989/90. In terms of the old numbering system, this Survey would have been called 1990/91. However, we have changed the basis of numbering the Survey. Instead of referring only to the year covered, the dating reflects the year of publication too. This Survey is accordingly dated 1991/92. Please note, therefore, that there is no Survey dated 1990/91. 4 The Institute has always tried to provide comprehensive statistics on South Africa and in particular to include statistics about the ten homelands. Efforts have also always been made to cover political, economic and other developments in the homelands. In this Survey, information about the homelands is no longer, recorded in a separate chapter but integrated into the relevant specialist chapter. For example, homeland budgets are reported in the section on fiscal policy in the chapter on The Economy. 5 With the repeal of the Reservation of Separate Amenities and Group Areas Acts, it is no longer necessary to deal with these issues in chapters of their own. We have accordingly dealt with such issues in the Housing and Urbanisation chapter. This chapter also contains information on urban infrastructure such as water, sewerage, urban sports facilities, and a section on transport. Reference to environmental issues is made in the Health and Welfare chapter while the Land and Agriculture chapter deals with the file:///G|/ProjWip/Products/Omalley/Tim/04%20Tra...T_SAIRR%201990-1994/SAIRR%20Survey%201991-92.HTM (4 of 1061)25/11/2004 15:10:21 PM file:///G|/ProjWip/Products/Omalley/Tim/04%20Transition/T_SAIRR%201990-1994/SAIRR%20Survey%201991-92.HTM rural environment. 6 Security issues are dealt with under Constitutional Negotiations and Political Developments. CONTENTS OVERVIEW SYNOPSIS AND UPDATE POPULATION POLITICAL ORGANISATIONS CONSTITUTIONAL NEGOTIATIONS RELIGIOUS ORGANISATIONS HEALTH AND WELFARE BUSINESS EDUCATION EMPLOYMENT LABOUR RELATIONS HOUSING AND URBANISATION LAND AND AGRICULTURE THE ECONOMY POLITICAL DEVELOPENTS APPENDICES DETAILED CONTENTS file:///G|/ProjWip/Products/Omalley/Tim/04%20Tra...T_SAIRR%201990-1994/SAIRR%20Survey%201991-92.HTM (5 of 1061)25/11/2004 15:10:21 PM file:///G|/ProjWip/Products/Omalley/Tim/04%20Transition/T_SAIRR%201990-1994/SAIRR%20Survey%201991-92.HTM