© 2017 Grupo de Acción por los Derechos Humanos y la Justicia Social, A.C. First Edition This report was possible thanks to the support of Siemenpuu Foundation and Finland Embassy in Mexico. The ideas presented in this report are exclusively responsibility of Grupo de Acción por los Derechos Humanos y la Justicia Social A.C and do not necessary correspond with the grant foundation neither the persons mentionated. Coordination: Karla Micheel Salas Ramírez and David Peña Rodríguez Elaboration: María del Rocío Parra Toledo Traduction: Andrés Martínez Editorial Design : Takiro Mexico City, May 2017. POLITICAL AGREEMENTS OF IMPUNITY: REPORT OF THE ACCESS TO JUSTICE IN THE CASE OF ASSSESSINATIONS OF BETY CARIÑO AND JYRI JAAKKOLA To Bety and Jyri for their work in favor of social justice for the peoples To Raimo Jaakkola for being a light in the dark Acknowledgements To Omar Esparza for his tireless work and permanent fight to transform the inequality conditions of the Mexican peoples. For being an example for Yago, Itandehui and Omar. To Eeve Jaakkola for her courage and strength, for not faltering in the search for justice. To Finland Embassy in Mexico, to Heidi Hautala, Satu Hassi and Franziska Keller, for their commitment in the fight against impunity in Mexico. To the prosecutor, Samuel Castellanos Piñón, for being the only public officer in Mexico that has defended the right to truth and hard worked to take the perpetrators before justice. To Mariana Flores López for her commitment with the case. To all the partners that for the last seven years have joined in solidarity with this cause. INDEX INTRODUCCIÓN 2.2.2. DÍA 27 DE ABRIL DE 2010 INTRODUCTION3 21 9 IN THE MEMORY OF ALBERTA CARIÑO TRUJILLO 11 IN THE MEMORY OF JYRI ANTERO JAAKKOLA 2.3. EL ATAQUE 12 A LA MEMORARIA DE ALBERTA CARIÑO 23 1. HISTORICALTRUJILLO VIOLENCE IN THE TRIQUI INDIGENOUS COMMUNITY 13 5 1.1 EL CLUB 2.3.1. EL ASESINATO DE BETY Y JYRY 16 1.2. TRIQUI UNIFICATION AND STRUGGLE MOVEMENT (MULT)25 17 1.2.1. POPULAR UNITY PARTY (PUP) 18 A LA 1.3.MEMORIA TRIQUI REGION DE JYRISOCIAL ANTERO WELFARE JAAKKOUNIT (UBISORT)- 2.3.2. EL ESCAP E Y LOS HERIDOS 20 LA 1.4. TRIQUI UNIFICATION AND STRUGGLE INDEPENDENT27 MOVEMENT “MULTI” 21 1.4.1. AUTONOMOUS MUNICIPALITY OF SAN JUAN COPALA 22 6 1.4.2. LA VOZ QUE ROMPE EL SILENCIO” COMUNITARIAN RADIO BROADCASTER 23 2.3.3. LAS AMENAZAS Y EL SECUESTRO 1.5. MEDIATION AND PACIFICATION INITIATIVES 23 2. THE ATTACK AGAINST THE HUMANITARIAN CARAVAN 29 25 1. VIOLENCIA2.1 SIEGE TO HISTÓRICA THE AUTONOMOUS EN LA MUNICIPALITY COMUNI- 25 DAD 2.2.INDÍGENA PREPARATION TRIQUI OF THE ATTACK AGAINST THE HUMANITARIAN2.4. ¿QUÉ PASOCARAVAN DESPUÉS DEL ATAQUE?26 2.2.1. APRIL 26TH, 2010 26 7 31 2.2.2. APRIL 27TH, 2010 27 1.1 “EL2.3. CLUB”THE ATTACK 2.5. REACCION DEL GOBIERNO FRENTE28 AL 2.3.1. BETY AND JYRI´S MURDERS 29 8 ATAQUE A LA CARAVANA 2.3.2. SURVIVORS 30 2.3.3. THREATS AND KIDNAPPING 35 31 2.4. WHAT HAPPENED AFTER THE ATTACK? 33 1.2. MOVIMIENTO2.5. GOVERNMENT’S DE REACTION UNIFICACIÓN TO THE ATTACK Y LU- AGAINST2.5.1. THE D ÍACARAVANS 27 AL 30 DE ABRIL DE 2010 35 CHA TRIQUI2.5.1. DAYS FROM 27TH TO 30TH OF APRIL 201035 35 9 2.5.2. JYRI AND BETY’S CORPSES RECOVERY 38 2.6. CIDH PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES AND CNDH RECOMENDATION2.5.2. RECUPERACIÓN DE LOS CUERPOS DE 39JYRI Y BETY, 3. CARAVAN’S1.2.1. PARTIDO ATTACK UNIDAD INVESTIGATION POPULAR (PUP) PRIMERA S INVES TIGACIONE S EN EL LUGAR DEL41 ATAQUE A 11 3.1. FIRST INVESTIGATION LA CARAVANA 41 3.1.1. ATTORNEY GENERAL OF MEXICO) 41 41 1.3. UNIDAD3.1.2. DE OAXACABIENESTAR ATTORNEY SOCIAL GENERAL’S DE LA 44 3.2. SECOND INVESTIGATION 46 REGIÓN TRIQUI3.2.1. INVESTIGATION (UBISORT) CLOSURE IN PGR: NO CRIMES, NO GUILTIES, NO PUNISHMENT 46 4. JUDICIAL13 PROCESS DIFICULT PATH 3. INVESTIGACION DEL ATAQUE51 A LA CA- 4.1. ARRESTED AND PROCESSED PERSONS RAVANA 52 1.4. MOVIMIENTO DE UNIFICACIÓN Y LU- 4.1.1. RUFINO JUÁREZ HERNÁNDEZ (RJH) 44 52 CHA TRIQUI4.1.2. INDEPENDIENTE ELÍAS CRUZ MERINO MULTI (ECM) 56 15 4.1.3. FAUSTINO VÁSQUEZ MARTÍNEZ (FVM) 3.1. PRIMERA INVESTIGACIÓN 56 4.1.4. MAURO VÁSQUEZ RAMÍREZ (MVR) 45 57 1.4.1. MUNICIP4.1.5.IO A UJUANTÓNO MACARIOMO DE SAN BAUTISTA JUAN COP MARTÍNEZALA (JMBM) 58 4.2. LEGAL OBSTACLES IN ALL THE PROCEDURES 59 15 4.2.1. TRIAL DELAYS AND PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT3.1.1. P ROCFORU RADPRISONERSURÍA GENERAL DE LA RE59PÚBLICA 4.2.2. VICTIM’S RIGHTS LIMITATIONS 45 61 1.4.2. LA RADIO4.2.3. CO LACKMUNITARIA OF SECURITY “LA VOZ ANDQUE ROPROTECTIONMPE EL FOR VICTIMS AND WITNESS 63 SILENCIO” 4.2.3.1. THREATS TO KEY WITNESSES 3.1.2. PROCURADURÍA GENERAL DE JUSTICIA63 DE OAXACA 4.2.3.2. THREATS TO OMAR ALFREDO ESPARZA ZÁRATE 65 16 50 4.2.4 RECHAZO DE LAS TESTIGOS CLAVE 65 5. JAAKKOLA-ESPARZA1.5. INICIATIVAS DECARIÑO MEDIACIÓN FAMILIES’ ACTIONS Y PACIFI TO -DEMAND3.2. JUSTICE SEGUNDA INVESTIGACIÓN 68 CACIÓN5.1. JAAKKOLA FAMILY VISITS TO MEXICO 52 68 5.2. ACTION TO REMEMBER BETY AND JYRI 70 17 5.3. INTERNATIONAL ACCOMPANIMENT AND PRESSURE 72 L CIERRE DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN EN SIN 5.4. UNITED NATIONS’ COMMUNICATIONS 3.2.1. E 73 PGR: 5.5. EUROPEAN PARLIAMENTARIANS’ ACCOMPANIMENTDELITO ANDS SUPPORT, SIN CULP ABLE S, SIN SANCIONES 70 6. CONCLUSIONS2. EL ATAQUE A LA CARAVANA HUMANITA- 57 77 7.ATTACHMENTSRIA 82 19 2.1 CERCO AL MUNICIPIO AUTÓNOMO 19 2.2. PREPARACIÓN DEL ATAQUE A LA CA- RAVANA HUMANITARIA 21 2.2.1. DÍA 26 DE ABRIL DE 2010 7 INTRODUCTION fter seven years of the murders against Alberta “Bety” Cariño and Jyri Antero AJaakkola, human rights defenders, with this report we want to share the search for justice and truth that their families, friends, and lawyers have done to avoid this murders to end in impunity. Grupo de Acción por los Derechos Huma- nos y la Justicia Social A.C. has systematize the context of the facts, the judicial procedure and human rights accompaniment that has been done for the last seven years to reflect an impunity pro- blem that exists in our country, as a result of an structural problem in the Mexican judicial sys- tem that prevents the judgment and sentence of Bety and Jyri’s murders and in part by political interests involved in this case. The omissions, negligence and complicity of the Mexican government is evident by analyz- ing the criminal investigation and the procedure. The Government permits this case to remain in im- punity and therefore ease the climate of violence and human rights violations in the Triqui region of Oaxaca. Seven years after, the paramilitary group that on April 27th, 2010 attacked a humanitarian caravan conformed by 25 persons, including hu- man rights defenders, international observers and journalists, continues to operate with the Mexican state´s permission and tolerance. 9 POLITICAL AGREEMENTS OF IMPUNITY: REPORT OF THE ACCESS TO JUSTICE IN THE CASE OF ASSSESSINATIONS OF BETY CARIÑO AND JYRI JAAKKOLA Even though Bety and Jyri’s families and tions of Bety and Jyri. For them to see, wherever lawyers have not rested in this search for justice, they are, that their case has been a priority in this and that all the national juridical resources avail- seven years and their death will not be forgotten. able have being depleted. This has not been enough for the Mexican judicial system to guarantee the right to access to justice to Bety and Jyri’s families, punish the perpetrators and repair the damage. This report looks forward to highlight the obstacles, the complexity of the case and the lit- tle advances that Mexican authorities had made to process and punish the perpetrators, but above all, we look forward to make known to the nation- al and international community of the problem of Impunity in Mexico where many factors take ac- tion, from a poor law system to clear complicities between criminal groups and governments of all the political parties. A legal and judicial system that does not guarantee the access to justice, that doesn’t pro- tect the victims, that puts the crime witnesses in risk, that denies knowing the truth that blocks an appropriate sanction for the criminals and keeps impunity agreements. It is a legal and judicial system that must be modified and that must be exposed at international level. This report also intends to recognize the support and international accompaniment of sev- eral people and institutes, particularly European, alongside the struggle of Bety and Jyri’s fami- lies. And certainly, it is a way of honoring the memory, the social compromise and the convic- 10 POLITICAL AGREEMENTS OF IMPUNITY: REPORT OF THE ACCESS TO JUSTICE IN THE CASE OF ASSSESSINATIONS OF BETY CARIÑO AND JYRI JAAKKOLA TO MEMORY OF ALBERTA CARIÑO Bety Cariño, together with her partner TRUJILLO Omar Esparza, founded the Community Support Center Working Together, known in Spanish as CACTUS, a civil association dedicated to deve- loping alternative popular education projects, in- digenous rights and women rights. In 2008, CACTUS began operating the independent radio broadcaster “La Rabiosa” (The Rabid) and inside the Autonomous Municipality of San Juan Copala the Triqui radio broadcaster “La voz que rompe el silencio” (The Voice that Breaks the Silence), these two radio stations took part in the formation of the Mexican Southeast Communitarian Indigenous Radio Net.