Pathway into English for 843 Indigenous American Words According to the Oxford English Dictionary (2020) Na-Dene: white mouse; Algic: macock, Mangoak, Neusiok, werowance; Quechua: Inca; Tupi-Guarani: tatou; Cariban: yucca. 1600 Algic: cockarouse, Manahoac, maracock, Massachusett, matchcoat, moccasin, Mohawk, moose, musquash, mussascus, Nanticoke, Uto-Aztecan: cacao, Chichimeca, copal, nopal, pulque, Narragansett, Niantic, Nipmuc, nocake, opossum, papoose, Penobscot, Quetzalcoatl, sapota, tacamahac; Arawakan: aji, macana, Pequot, persimmon, pocosin, pohickory, poke, pone, powwow, puccoon, maguey, maize, nigua, papaya, savannah, zemi; Quechua: molle, Via Danish (1): Direct to raccoon, roanoke, sachem, sagamore, samp, sannup, skunk, squanter- quinoa, quipu; Tupi-Guarani: anime; Cariban: cannibal, Carib, squash, squash, squaw, Susquehannock, tomahawk, torup, tuckahoe, cayman, hammock, manatee, piragua; Unspec. S. Am.: guava. Eskimo-Aleut: (1745) angakok wampumpeag, wigwam; Uto-Aztecan: quamoclit, teocalli; Quechua: English ananas, guaca, guanaco, jerkin; Tupi-Guarani: jaguar, jararaca, jiboya, Algic: Eskimo; Tupi-Guarani: acajou, agouti, genipat, manioc, sapucaia, tapeti, urucu; Cariban: mobbie, piai. petun, toucan. (534) 1650 Algic: �rewater, maccarib, maninose, manitou, Minisink, Montauk, 1600 Natick, Nottoway, poke, Potawatomi, quickhatch, rockahominy, Shawnee, Uto-Aztecan: achiote, aguacate, chocolate, jicama, metate, milpa, terrapin, Wampanoag, webb, wejack; Iroquoian: Adirondack, Cherokee, Mixe, petaca, pinole, tomato; Arawakan: mani; Quechua: coca, Onondaga, Tuscarora; Muskogean: Yamasee; Uto-Aztecan: colin, jalap; condor, guano, oca, pacay, puna; Cariban: mangrove, mico. Engl. Tupi-Guarani: coaita, coati, guara, guarauna, maracana, paca, tayassu, urubu; Cariban: peccary; Unspec. S. Am.: curucui, hoactzin, mishla. Algic: assapan, caribou; Uto-Aztecan: melt; Tupi-Guarani: pian. 1700 via Fr. Eskimo-Aleut: Inuit, kabloonat; Algic: huskanaw, Mashpee, Menominee, 1650 methy, mocotaugan, Passamaquoddy, pemmican, seawan, shaganappi, Uto-Aztecan: posole; Quechua: charqui, pampas, pauxi, Quechua; (81) tittimeg, wavey, wawa, wawaskeesh, wicopy, windigo; Siouan: tepee; Unspec. S. Am.: Miskito. Iroquoian: Cayuga, Wyandot; Muskogean: busk, Choctaw, Coushatta, Mico, Yuchi; Uto-Aztecan: atole; Quechua: cherimoya, Lucuma; Tupi- Algic: Abenaki, Assiniboine, Mascouten, Ottawa, Outagami, Pawnee, Guarani: cerigo, timbo; Cariban: karatas; Unspec. S. Am.: pitpan. sagamité; Siouan: Pawnee, Santee, Teton, Yankton; Muskogean: Chickasaw; Arawakan: anole, mahoe; Tupi-Guarani: roucou; Cariban: 1750 ajoupa, Galibi, pirogue. Eskimo-Aleut: kabloona, kayak, umiak; Na-Dene: Dogrib; Wakashan: Ahousaht; Penutian: tyee, wapato; Algic: cawquaw, Chippewa, Dogrib, kinnikinnick, machicote, mathemeg, menhaden, menomin, metump, 1700 mocock, mummichog, Munsee, namaycush, neechee, Piegan, pipsissewa, Uto-Aztecan: mescal; Arawakan: pitahaya; Quechua: mita, pique, quina; pogamoggan, quahog, Rocky Mountains, Sarcee, shoepack, Slave, Mapuche: maqui; Unspec. S. Am.: boldo. succotash, tautog, Tom Pung, totem, townho, wapacuthu, whisky john, Winnebago; Siouan: Minnetaree, wakon; Iroquoian: Big Knife; Algic: carcajou, Cree, Maliseet, Mississauga, Nipissing, Ojibwa, rogan, Muskogean: Mikasuki, Muskogee; Uto-Aztecan: axolotl, Nahuatlaca, saccacommis, Sauk, Sioux; Arawakan: simarouba; Quechua: quinaquina; octli, Olmeca, xoloitzcuintli; Arawakan: hackia, labba; Quechua: guarapo; Tupi-Guarani: cashew; Cariban: agami; Mapuche: quillay. Via German (2): Tupi-Guarani: anhinga, boiguacu, cocorite, jabiru, jacana, jacaranda, pacu, perai, sai, tannia, tapir, troolie, unau; Cariban: caracoli, cassiri, marudi, Algic: (1793) hackmatack; matapee, mucka-mucka, pegall, perai, queyu, tamanoir, tannia; Mapuche: 1750 Uto-Aztecan: (1778) ahuehuete Pehuenche; Unspec. S. Am.: Arawak, cagui, calaba, capybara, corozo, Muskogean: Seminole; Uto-Aztecan: mesquite, Mixteca, coypu, crab, determa, guariba, sipeera, toco, woolsaw. mizquitl, Moqui, ocote, Otomi, Toltec, Totonac, Zapotec, zopilote; Arawakan: corial, genip, icaco; Quechua: puma. 1800 Eskimo-Aleut: aglu, komatik; Na-Dene: Chilkat, Haida, Sitka, Takulli; Algic: kinkajou, malachigan, maskinonge, Micmac, Naskapi, Salishan: Methow, Musqueam, Nanaimo, Okanagan, Shuswap, Sinixt, pekan, pembina, tullibee; Siouan: Cheyenne, Mandan; Engl. Skokomish, Squamish, Twana; Wakashan: Bella Coola, hiaqua, Nitinaht, Iroquoian: Ondatra; Muskogean: bayou; Uto-Aztecan: potlatch, Wakash; Penutian: cayuse, eulachon, hiaqua, Klamath, klooch, mazame; Tupi-Guarani: acouchi, margay, marikina, sajou, saki; via Sp. Molale, Multnomah, Palouse, potlatch, quinnat, salal, skookum, Cariban: alouatte, cabiai, caoutchouc, kabassou, tamarin, Tillamook, tillicum, Tsimshian, Wallawalla; Hokan: Washoe; Algic: tinamou; Unspec. S. Am.: cotinga. Athabaskan, baggataway, Beothuk, Chipewyan, chipmunk, kyak, mamateek, mechameck, medicine man, Mide, Midewiwin, mugwump, (154) muskeg, muskimoot, pisk, pokelogan, saskatoon, scup, Siksika, squeteague, 1800 tamarack, tikinagan, wanigan, wankapin, wapiti, watap; Siouan: Absaroka, Caddoan: Tonkawa; Uto-Aztecan: camote, chia, epazote, hule, jacal, Dakota, Lakota, Miniconjou; Caddoan: Skidi; Iroquoian: dowitcher; mecate, nagual, Papago, petate, peyote, Pima, quetzal, sacate, Yuma; Muskogean: Tom Fuller; Uto-Aztecan: chalchuite, chinampa, Tecoma, Mayan: Maya; Arawakan: cocobolo, hutia, majagua; Quechua: tule; Mayan: cenote, Kekchi; Arawakan: hassar, hyawa, ita, juriballi, huaca, ratanhia, tambo; Tupi-Guarani: Guaycuru, ombú, tagnicati; labaria, maam, mora, Taino; Quechua: lautu, Quechan; Tupi-Guarani: Cariban: majagua, mani, mombin; Mapuche: mara, pichi, puya; caatinga, Caboclo, guarana, guazu, guazuti, jaboticaba, kamichi, mora, Unspec. S. Am.: guemal. poyou, surucucu, tucum, tucuma; Cariban: accouri, acouchi, cassareep, Divi-divi, Macusi, mapepire, saouari; Mapuche: quillaia; Unspec. S. Am.: Algic: babiche, mitasses, rubaboo, toboggan, togue; Muskogean: Tupi-Guarani: maraca. Arapaima, Arracacha, calisaya, camoudie, carpincho, carrancha, coscoroba, Opelousa; Tupi-Guarani: jacamar; Unspec. S. Am.: tous-les-mois. courida, Cusparia, Degu, hya-hya, jume, sabal, tagua, tucutucu, Tupi, 1600 Tupinamba, wallaba, wamara, Warao, yarke, zamang. 1850 Tupi-Guarani: ai, boyuna, genipap, ipecacuanha, maguari, merrywing, mitu, mituporanga, piquia, 1850 Uto-Aztecan: cacomistle, Cahita, chayote, chicle, jicara, piaba, sagoin, seriem, tamandua, Tapuia. Eskimo-Aleut: igloo, Inuk, kamik, kudlik, Malamute, mukluk, muktuk, Mazatec, mole, Nahuatl, nixtamal, Olmec, oyamel, pinacate, Netsilingmiut, nunatak, piblokto, ulu, Yuit; Na-Dene: hogan, Hoochinoo, sotol, tilma, Tlapanec, toloache, Yaqui, year count; Mayan: 1700 skil, Tlingit, Yeibichai; Salishan: kokanee, Makah; Wakashan: Tzotzil; Quechua: caucho, guanay, guango, mashua, piquillin, Tupi-Guarani: anhima, jacare, copaiba, saimiri, tapioca. muckamuck, Nimpkish, tenas; Penutian: cheechako, chuck, cultus-cod, soroche, Yunca; Tupi-Guarani: guira; Cariban: moriche, Via Dutch (9): Gitksan, high muck-a-muck, iktas, mahala, Modoc, Monache, saman; Mapuche: pelu, rauli; Unspec. S. Am.: balata. 1800 muckamuck, Nisenan, potlatch, salt chuck, soapolallie, Takelma, tenas, Algic: (1600-1700) Maqua Wishram, Yokuts, Yuki; Hokan: Karok, Yurok; Algic: Hupa, Mattole, Tupi-Guarani: abiu, acara, acu, ani, babassu, jupati, becuiba, Engl. Mingo, canticoy, suppawn; Algic: ouananiche; Uto-Aztecan: teosinte; Tupi-Guarani: calipeva, candiru, carajura, imbauba, manaca, marabou, meetsuk, moonias, muskwa, piskun, pocan, scuppaug, Stoney, Wiyot; jequirity; Unspec. S. Am.: courlan. matamata, miriti, moco, motuca, munguba, mutum, Mucuna, (1750, 1769) kiskitomas, Siouan: Hidatsa; Uto-Aztecan: atlatl, Hohokam, istle, kachina, kiva, murumuru, mustaiba, nandu, oiticica, peba, pequi, peroba, via Pg. punkie; (1816) Manhattan; Nahua, ololiuqui, paho, piki, saguaro, sego, Sipapu, Subtiaba, teguexin, piassava, pichurim, pirarucú, pium, pororoca, pupunha; Iroquoian: (1666) Oneida; teonanacatl, teopan, tlachtli; Arawakan: benab, hyawaballi; Quechua: 1900 Mapuche: maloca; Cariban: murumuru. (61) Unspeci�ed S. Am.: (1777) cundurango, ichu, Tacsonia, tiza; Tupi-Guarani: eyra, guara, icica, inajá, Uto-Aztecan: capulin, chilaquiles, chipotle, 1900 kakkerlak. jaborandi, jacitara, jaguarondi, jatoba, sauba, taigu, tayra, tipiti, uakari, guacamole, guayule, Mixteco, molcajete, pascola, Tupi-Guarani: caipirinha, manicou, urucuri; Cariban: tomalley, tunu; Mapuche: Mapuche; Unspec. S. Am.: tepache; Mayan: olingo; Quechua: chuño, inti, moqueca, muriqui, mussurana, sucupira. bebeeru, camara, carap, colocolo, copaiye, Cuna, cush-cush, diuca, galpon, pueblo joven, quena, vinchuca. kakaralli, lana, Terena, tonga, turanira, Wapishana, warracoori, Yahgan, yari-yari. 1900 Eskimo-Aleut: inukshuk, Inuktitut, Inupiaq, Inupik, masu, Nunamiut, Ookpik, pingo, Qallunaaq, Qallunaat, qiviut, qulliq, sillapak, Yuk, Yupik; 2020 D-AW | @thelifeofwords | http://thelifeofwords.uwaterloo.ca | Methodology: OED3 entries with Indigenous American language names occurring in the "etymon language" or "source language" fields were isolated. If a non- Na-Dene: Anasazi, Na-Dene, quinzhee; Salishan: Mosan, Nuxalk; Indigenous language name also occurred in the same field, the lemma was assigned a "via" group based on the first-occurring non-Indigenous language; if not, or if English was listed, it was assigned "Direct to English". The area Wakashan: Ditidaht, 'Namgis, Nuu-chah-nulth; Penutian: chum, of