Research services through Participatory Action Research (PAR) methodology to map the services available for adolescents/ young women in Baunya-Badh Slum of Dhaka Conducted by Suraiya Begum and Md. Iftekhar Ali October - December 2016 Implemented by: Supported by: Research services through Participatory Action Research (PAR) methodology to map the services available for adolescents/ young women in Baunya-Badh Slum of Dhaka On behalf of 20 participatory researchers (TLs) Suraiya Begum Md. Iftekhar Ali October – December 2016 This publication has been produced with the assistance of the European Union. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of Surayia Begum, Md. Iftekhar Ali and ARBAN and can in no way be taken to reflect the view of the European Union. 1 Index Abbreviations…………………………………………………………………………………………………………page 3 Research title…………………………………………………………………………………………………………page 4 Reseach purpose……………………………………………………………………………………………………page 4 Background…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….page 4 Research options…………………………………………………………………………………………………….page 6 Principles of PAR……………………………………………………………………………………………………..page 6 Research methodology……………………………………………………………………………………………page 7 Data collection tools……………………………………………………………………………………………….page 8 Description……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..page 9 1. Orientation & PAR training workshop……………………………………………………….…page 9 2. PAR group meetings………………………………………………………………………………….page 11 3. Focus Group Discussion…………………………………………………………………………….page 13 4. Exploring services outside Baunya-Badh……………………………………………………page 13 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….page 14 References…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….page 15 Annexes…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………page 16 Block A………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….page 16 Block B…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..page 40 Block C…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..page 63 Block D………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….page 73 Block E-F …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….page 101 Other services outside Baunia-Badh (in the nearby areas)… ………………………………page 124 Services outside Baunia-Badh (in other areas of Dhaka)...…………………………………..page 161 2 Abbreviations CM: Community Mobilizer FGD: Focus Group Discussions NGOs: Non-Government Organizations PAR: Participatory Action Research PC: Project Coordinator TLs: Team Leaders UN: United Nations 3 Research title Research services through the Participatory Action Research (PAR) methodology to map the services available for adolescents/ young women in Baunya-Badh slum of Dhaka. Research purpose The purpose of this research is to engage the target group so that they can benefit from and be involved with the App. This App will be developed through the project in an intensive PAR in order to document all the available services in the slum where they are living (Baunya-Badh) in relation to education (i.e. primary and secondary schools, vocational training, etc.), job opportunities (i.e. in the garment sector, in non- government organizations – NGOs, in educational institutions, etc.), health (primary health centres, if available), protection (i.e. police station, other Government offices, legal aid, etc.). When not available in the slums, the above mentioned services will be looked at outside and the updated list of their contact details will be prepared. Background Bangladesh experienced the highest rate of urbanization (4.19%) in the past three decades in South Asia (Haque 2014). The effect of such unplanned urbanization has left the urban population with inadequate facilities. It created infrastructural challenges and service gaps, including inadequate access to transport, housing, water and sanitation, solid waste management, energy, health and education. In sort slum dweller lacks the access to basic rights. According to Census of Slum Areas and Floating Population 2014, conducted by Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS 2015), 2.23 million people live in slums across the country. Of them, 1.14 million are male, 1.09 million female, and 1,852 transgender people. According to the report, 1.06 million people live in slums in the Dhaka division, while total population in Dhaka North and South City Corporations area is 646,075 and the sex ratio is 108.18. Moreover, according to UNICEF (UNICEF 2016), there are 27.7 million adolescents aged 10-19 years in Bangladesh – 13.7 million girls and 14 million boys – making up about one fifth of the total population and most adolescents have limited scope for acquiring knowledge and skills for their self-development and protection. Secondary level school enrolment is very low at only seven million (38 per cent). The dropout rate in secondary schools is much higher than in primary schools: about 48 per cent among girls and 38 per cent among boys. Besides, an estimated 6.9 million children aged 5-14 years (12.9 per cent of the total labour force) are working and are exposed to hazardous and risky conditions, especially in metropolitan cities. Migration lead urbanization is also associated with drug trafficking, prostitution, violence and crime and the condition of women and girls become even more vulnerable, because they suffer violence both at home and in public places (Mannan & Ahmed 2014). Access to even minimal services of sanitation, drinking water, electricity, roads, transports, etc. is absent. Actually, they are caught up in the vicious cycle of insecurity, low wages, unhygienic working environment, and hard working conditions on one side, and absence of any other option on the other. Furthermore, a World Bank study (Doemeland &Trevino 2014) revealed that, adolescents living in the Dhaka slums lack access to basic information pertaining to their bodies and regarding their rights to reproductive autonomy and bodily integrity. Gender and cultural norms, stigma related to adolescent 4 sexuality, myths and misperceptions, poor implementation of existing laws regarding age at marriage, and unclear policies and practices related to the provision of services for unmarried adolescents all contribute to low levels of knowledge and access to accurate and quality information and services, as well as to harmful practices and norms. The study also found that sexual and gender-based violence was quite common and forced or coerced sex —both inside and outside of marriage — was reported. The Association for Realisation of Basic Needs (ARBAN), is a Non-Government Development Organization, concerned with fundamental rights and basic needs of the people, founded on 18th February 1984. ARBAN believes that all the development projects and programs designed and implemented by the Government, NGOs, International Organizations, United Nations (UN) bodies and others should be directed towards the fulfillment of the basic needs and fundamental rights of the people who live in perpetual poverty, famine, malnutrition, disease, deprivation, indebtedness, injustice and exploitation. In February 2016, ARBAN started, as sub-grantee, a three years project funded by the European Union titled “Jukta Hoe Mukta (United We Stand)”. The project is implemented with several international [as for example, Terre des Hommes Italia (TDH Italia)] – and local partners [Phulki, Manusher Jonno Foundation (MJF), Aparajeyo Bangladesh (AB), DALIT, Sobujer Ovijan Foundation (SOF) and Occupational, Safety, Health and Environment (OSHE) Foundation]. These working partners are based both in Dhaka urban slum areas - Azimpur, Mohammadpur, Rayerbazar, Pallabi, Baunya-Badh, Gazipur – and in the South West part of Bangladesh (Khulna Division). The project aims at creating safe patterns of internal migration and providing adolescents girls/ young women moving towards and living in the capital slums to work in the garment sector with a platform of services in order for them to experience a more secured everyday life. A Participatory Action Research (PAR) was supposed to be conducted as part of this project, in Baunya-Badh slum (ARBAN target area), in order to identify all the available services (health, safety, legal aid, education, training and job opportunities) for adolescent girls/ young women and to develop a map of these services. In this area, ARBAN will implement a pilot project of adolescent girls/ young women’s (including garment workers) virtual organizations, connected through a smart phone application (App development). Twenty Team Leaders’ (TLs) haves been selected in several blocks in Baunya-Badh slum. These team leaders’ become the reference points of a total number of 2,000 girls/ young women connected through normal features phones/ no phones and provide them with the necessary information in case of any support they might need. So ARBAN contracted Suraiya Begum to carry out a PAR by engaging the target group (adolescent girls/ young women) to benefit from and be involved with the App, in order to document all the available services in the slum where they are living (Baunya-Badh) in relation to education (i.e. primary and secondary schools, vocational training, etc.), job opportunities (i.e. in the garment sector, in NGOs, in educational institutions, etc.), health (primary health centres, if available), protection (i.e. police station, other Government offices, legal aid, etc.). As a part of this the 20 TLs, altogether with ARBAN Project Coordinator (PC) and Community Mobilizer (CM) were trained on the PAR as direct implementers of the participatory mapping of the available services. Besides, when not available in the