TechnicalTechnical ReportsReports ofof thethe QueenslandQueensland MuseumMuseum No. 002 Authors: John N.A. Hooper & Merrick Ekins Address: Queensland Museum, PO Box 3300, South Brisbane, Queensland, 4101, Australia ([email protected], [email protected]) Report written for: National Oceans Office C2004/020 (2004) COLLATION AND VALIDATION OF MUSEUM COLLECTION DATABASES RELATED TO THE DISTRIBUTION OF MARINE SPONGES IN NORTHERN AUSTRALIA PART 3 OF 8 This document may be cited as: Hooper, J.N.A. & Ekins, M. 2004 (published online 2009). Collation and validation of museum collection databases related to the distribution of marine sponges in northern Australia. Technical Reports of the Queensland Museum Number 002. pp 1-224. www.qm.qld.gov.au (ISBN 978-0-9805692-5-4) Copyright for this document is with the Queensland Museum and the National Oceans Office (now incorporated within the Marine Division of the Department of Environment, Water, Hertiage and the Arts [DEWHA]). Technical reports of the Queensland Museum are published online, in read-only format, and are individually catalogued by the National Library of Australia. These reports may include reproductions (or revisions) of documents that were originally compiled to advise industry, government or academia on specific scientific issues, and they are reproduced here to ensure that the scientific and technical data they contain are not lost within the vast unpublished scientific ‘grey literature’. For further information please contact: Managing Editor, Memoirs of the Queensland Museum Queensland Museum, PO Box 3300, South Brisbane 4101, Qld Australia Phone 61 7 3840 7555. Fax 61 7 3846 1226. www.qm.qld.gov.au Email [email protected] Report for the National Oceans Office C2004/020 Collation and validation of museum collection databases related to the distribution of marine sponges in northern Australia APPENDIX 6. Descriptive analysis of GIS bioregionalisation trends for sponge groups. Taxa are ordered phylogenetically, corresponding to the structure of Systema Porifera (Hooper & Van Soest, 2002). Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836 (5 spp, 2 named), Plakinastrella (3 spp, 1 named), Oscarella (3 unnamed spp) Class Demospongiae Sollas, 1885 and Plakinolopha (1 unnamed sp.) are primarily tropical, with one species Subclass Homoscleromorpha (Plakortis nigra) recorded from the south Order Homosclerophorida Dendy, 1905 west coast (SWB) to the southern GBR (NEP), and another species (Corticium Family Plakinidae Schulze, 1880 simplex) with a wide north west and north coast distribution (NWP-NP). 1. Plakortis, Corticium, Oscarella, Peaks of diversity in Plakinidae occur Plakinastrella and Plakinolopha spp in the northern GBR (NEB: 5 spp) and (Fig. 37) southern GBR (NEP: 4 spp), with only Bioregional trends: Predominantly two species overlapping in species tropical, peaks in diversity on GBR and composition and delineating northern with north and south GBR bioregions and southern GBR bioregions. Several delineated by species composition; species are markers for specific west coast fauna under-represented in bioregions: Plakinidae samples. -north GBR (NEB): Oscarella sp. #3270, Plakortis sp. #3200 Summary details: Database records -south GBR (NEP): Oscarella sp. of Plakortis (11 spp, 3 named), Corticium #2182, Plakortis sp. #2788 FIG. 37. Plakortis (circles), Corticium, Oscarella (squares), Plakinastrella and Plakinolopha spp (triangles) (QM Biolink database) 89 QM Technical Reports | 002 -south east Queensland (CEB): Plakortis spp, only 3 named so far) is dominated sp. #2674, Plakinastrella sp. #2677 in database records by the three Subclass Tetractinomorpha named species (C. australiensis, C. schulzei and C. (Rhaphidotethya) Order Spirophorida enigmatica), which extend across Bergquist & Hogg, 1969 tropical Australia from the north west coast (NWP) to south east Queensland Family Tetillidae Sollas, 1886 (CEB). Several or possibly many of the 2. Cinachyrella spp (Fig. 38) unnamed species being significantly variable forms (‘morphospecies’) of C. Bioregional trends: Predominantly australiensis. Species with only single tropical, dominated by three abundant records are not differentiated on maps and widely distributed species; east presented here. Peaks in diversity (for and west coast faunas differentiated ‘morphospecies’) occur on the northern at the eastern part of NP; peaks of GBR (NEB: 13 spp), southern GBR diversity on the northern GBR and north (NEP: 9 spp), south east Queensland west coast, with north and south GBR (CEB: 8 spp), north coast (NP: 10 spp), bioregions not well differentiated. northwest coast (NWP: 13 spp). Each FIG. 38. of these bioregions is differentiated Cinachyrella Summary details: Cinachyrella (37 spp (QM Biolink database) mostly by rare species, but several broad groups of bioregions have shared species: north west coast to north coast (NWP-NP: Cinachyrella spp #205, #333), north and south GBR and south east Queensland (CEB- NEB: Cinachyrella spp #376, #1725, #1881, 90 Report for the National Oceans Office C2004/020 Collation and validation of museum collection databases related to the distribution of marine sponges in northern Australia FIG 39. Cinachyra , Paratetilla (squares), Craniella (triangles) and Tetilla spp (circles) (QM Biolink database) named), Cinachyra (1 named sp.), Paratetilla (1 unnamed sp.) and Tetilla (8 spp, 1 named) are represented in the database by predominantly #1870), with a few species markers tropical species, with for specific bioregions. Northern and distinctive east and west coast faunas southern GBR bioregions not clearly (at eastern NP). Genera have relatively differentiated, but east and west coast low diversity but populations of three faunas distinctive and species turnover species are abundant in particular at the eastern NP. bioregions: Tetilla sp. #2655 (north -north GBR (NEB): Cinachyrella and south GBR: NEB-NEP), #3172 spp #1536, #1729 (northern GBR: NEB) and Craniella -south GBR (NEP): Cinachyrella sp. #1885 sp. #402 (north west and north coasts: -south east Queensland (CEB): NWP-NP). A few species are markers Cinachyrella sp. #180 for bioregions: -north west coast (NWP): Cinachyrella sp. #404 -north GBR (NEB): Craniella simillima -south GBR (NEP): Tetilla sp. #2485 -south west coast (SWB): Cinachyrella sp. #299 -Darwin region (western part of NP): T. dactyloidea 3. Craniella, Cinachyra, Paratetilla -north west coast (southern part of and Tetilla spp (Fig. 39) NWP): Cinachyra uteoides Bioregional trends: Predominantly Order Astrophorida Sollas, 1888 tropical, with distinct east and west coast faunas, with species turnover at Family Ancorinidae Schmidt, 1870 the eastern part of NP; northern GBR 4. Ancorina spp (Fig. 40) has distinct, highly abundant species not found in the southern GBR; west Bioregional trends: Highest coast fauna more homogeneous in diversity in temperate waters (BassP & species distributions. TasP); low diversity on GBR; distinctive bioregional distributions of species in Summary details: Craniella (8 spp, 1 91 QM Technical Reports | 002 FIG. 40. Ancorina spp (QM Biolink database) north coast (NP), south west coast (SWB) and Tasmanian provinces (TasP). Summary details: Thirteen species are recorded although only one can be presently assigned to a named taxon. Distinct regionalisation of species with little or no apparent sympatry. Highest species diversity (6 spp) in FIG. 41. Disyringa (dissimilis, schmidti) and Ecionemia spp (all other spp) (QM Biolink database) 92 Report for the National Oceans Office C2004/020 Collation and validation of museum collection databases related to the distribution of marine sponges in northern Australia FIG. 42. Rhabdastrella spp (QM Biolink database) the TasP and BassP regions. Species 6. Rhabdastrella spp (Fig. 42) indicative for NP (Ancorina sp.#989), Bioregional trends: R. globostellata SWP & SWB (A. brevidens and indicative of tropical-temperate Ancorina sp. #746), GulfP (Ancorina boundary; no differentiation of northern sp. #835), and BassP & TasP regions or southern GBR, or east coast – west (Ancorina sp. #3292). GBR with few coast faunas. records (record of the predominantly SWB species A. brevidens possibly Summary details: Five species are a cryptic sibling (sister) species with represented in the database, three conspecificity yet to be tested using occurring in the southern GBR and genetic markers). south east Queensland bioregions (NEP-CEB), with only one currently 5. Disyringa and Ecionemia spp assigned to a named taxon. One (Fig. 41) widespread tropical (CEB to NWP), Bioregional trends: Disyringa and R. globostellata (formerly widely Ecionemia with distinctly different misidentified in the literature as Jaspis distributions, tropical and temperate, stellifera), with an extensive Indo-west Pacific distribution; two rare species respectively; both genera indicative of (Rhabdastrella spp #2473 and #2671) NP-NWP and TasP and SWB-CWP and one temperate species restricted bioregions. to TasP (Rhabdastrella sp. #3524). Disyringa Summary details: 7. Stelletta spp (Fig. 43) exclusively tropical, represented by two geographically sympatric species (D. Bioregional trends: Several species dissimilis and D. schmidti) characteristic indicative of the tropical – temperate of NP and NWP bioregions, usually at boundaries, with one restricted depths greater than 40m. Ecionemia to the GBR, Coral Sea and other exclusively temperate, predominantly western Pacific coral reefs; no clear shallow water (<30m depth), located differentiation of north and south GBR on the SE