RESEARCH MONOGRAPH SERIES Problems of Drug Dependence 1999: Proceedings of the 61st Annual Scientific Meeting The College on Problems of Drug Dependence, Inc. U.S. Department of Health and Human 1Services80 • National Institutes of Health Problems of Drug Dependence, 1999: Proceedings of the 61st Annual Scientific Meeting, The College on Problems of Drug Dependence, Inc. Editor: Louis S. Harris, Ph.D. Virginia Commonwealth University NIDA Research Monograph 180 1999 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Institute on Drug Abuse 6001 Executive Boulevard Bethesda, MD 20892 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The College on Problems of Drug Dependence, Inc., an independent, non-profit organization conducts drug testing and evaluations for academic institutions, government, and industry. This monograph is based on papers or presentations from the 61st Annual Scientific Meeting of the CPDD, held in Acapulco, Mexico, June 12-17, 1999. In the interest of rapid dissemination, it is published by the National Institute on Drug Abuse in its Research Monograph series as reviewed and submitted by the CPDD. Dr. Louis S. Harris, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University was the editor of this monograph. COPYRIGHT STATUS The National Institute on Drug Abuse has obtained permission from the copyright holders to reproduce certain previously published materials as noted in the text. Further reproduction of this copyrighted material is permitted only as part of a reprinting of the entire publication or chapter. For any other use, the copyright holder’s permission is required. All other material in this volume except quoted passages from copyrighted sources is in the public domain and may be used or reproduced without permission from the Institute or the authors. Citation of the source is appreciated. Opinions expressed in this volume are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions or official policy of the National Institute on Drug Abuse or any other part of the Department of Health and Human Services. The U.S. Government does not endorse or favor any specific commercial product or company. Trade, proprietary, or company names appearing in this publication are used only because they are considered essential in the context of the studies reported herein. NIH Publication No. 00-4737 Printed April 2000 NIDA Research Monographs are indexed in the Index Medicus. They are selectively included in the coverage of American Statistics Index, Biosciences Information Service, Chemical Abstracts, Current Contents, Psychological Abstracts, and Psychopharmacology Abstracts. For sale by the U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328 ISBN 0-16-050342-6 BOARD OF DIRECTORS Billy R. Martin, Ph.D., President John Hughes, M.D. Michael J. Kuhar, Ph.D., President-Elect Edythe D. London, Ph.D. Linda A. Dykstra, Ph.D., Past President Scott E. Lukas, Ph.D. Stephen G. Holtzman, Ph.D., Treasurer Frank Porreca, Ph.D. Huda Akil, Ph.D. Kenner C. Rice, Ph.D. Warren K. Bickel, Ph.D. Sidney H. Schnoll, M.D., Ph.D. Richard Bonnie, L.L.B. Charles R. Schuster, Ph.D. Kathleen T. Brady, M.D., Ph.D. George Woody, Ph.D. Harriet de Wit, Ph.D. William L. Woolverton, Ph.D. Avram Goldstein, M.D. Curtis Wright, Ph.D. Louis S. Harris, Ph.D. Alice M. Young, Ph.D. Dorothy Hatsukami, Ph.D. EXECUTIVE OFFICER Martin W. Adler, Ph.D. SCIENTIFIC PROGRAM COMMITTEE Thomas R. Kosten, Ph.D., Chair Scott Lukas, Ph.D., Co-Chair Martin W. Adler, Ph.D., ex offico Linda Cottler, Ph.D., M.P.H. Howard Deutsch, Ph.D. Toby Eisenstein, Ph.D. Ellen B. Geller, M.A. Kathryn Gill, Ph.D. Chris-Ellyn Johanson, Ph.D. Horace Loh, Ph.D. S. Steven Negus, Ph.D. iii The following organizations have generously supported the work of the College on Problems of Drug Dependence during the past year: Adolor Glaxo Institute de Recherche Pierre Fabre Pfizer The Purdue Frederick Company/Purdue Pharma Reckitt & Colman Saiten Labo Searle Smith Kline Upjohn iv TABLE OF CONTENTS PLENARY SESSION Nathan B. Eddy Award Introduction 1-2 M.W. Adler Nathan B. Eddy Award Lecture 3-22 M.J. Kreek SYMPOSIUM I 23-25 Recent Advances on Inhalant Abuse S.L. Cruz and R.L. Balster, Chairpersons SYMPOSIUM II The Intersection of Drug Treatment and the Criminal Justice System 26-27 M. Iguchi and H. Kleber, Chairpersons SYMPOSIUM VI New Approaches to Non-Addictive Analgesics 28-31 W.K. Schmidt and F. Porreca, Chairpersons SYMPOSIUM VII Taking it to the Streets: Contingency Management for Real-Life Drug Abuse Treatment 32-35 L. Amass and M. Y. Iguchi, Chairpersons SYMPOSIUM VIII Pharmacology and Clinical Potential of Delta Opioid Agonists 36-40 S.S. Negus and F. Porreca, Chairpersons SYMPOSIUM XI A Stone Unturned: The Promise of CABAergic Modulation in Cocaine Dependence Treatment 41-43 A.R. Childress and D.C.S. Roberts, Chairpersons SYMPOSIUM XII Basic and Clinical Pharmacology of Selective Cannabinoid Receptor (CB1 and CB2) Antagonists 44-46 S. Heishman and B.R. Martin, Chairpersons SYMPOSIUM XIII Allelic Polymorphism of Human Opioid Receptors: Functional Studies 47-50 K.S. LaForge and M.J. Kreek, Chairpersons SYMPOSIUM XIV Developmental Follow-up of Prenatal Drug Exposure in Pre-School and School-Aged Children 51-53 L.P. Finnegan and V.L. Smeriglio, Chairpersons v SYMPOSIUM XV Emerging Biological Targets for the Treatment of Nicotine Dependence 54-56 R.S. Mansbach and L.P. Dwoskin, Chairpersons SYMPOSIUM XVI From Caffeine to Opiates: Novel Interventions for Substance Use in Pregnancy 57-59 D. Svikis and L. Finnegan, Chairpersons ORAL COMMUNICATIONS I 60-63 Sex and the Single Drug ORAL COMMUNICATIONS II 63-66 The Brain in Pain ORAL COMMUNICATIONS III 67-70 Drug Abuse: The Next Generation ORAL COMMUNICATIONS IV 71-75 Form and Function ORAL COMMUNICATIONS V 75-79 There’s no Substitute for Treatment ORAL COMMUNICATIONS VI 79-83 Drug Abuse in Adolescents ORAL COMMUNICATIONS VII 83-85 HIV and Hepatitis ORAL COMMUNICATIONS VIII 86-89 Where There’s Smoke, There’s Science ORAL COMMUNICATIONS IX 89-93 Strike up the Glands ORAL COMMUNICATIONS X 93-97 Role of Sex on Treatment Outcome ORAL COMMUNICATIONS XI 98-100 Risk Factors for Substance Abuse ORAL COMMUNICATIONS XII 101-105 Into the Brains of Primates ORAL COMMUNICATIONS XIII 106-110 The Downers Update ORAL COMMUNICATIONS XIV 110-112 Multifaces of Naltrexone vi ORAL COMMUNICATIONS XV 112-116 Agonist Treatment for Cocaine Dependence ORAL COMMUNICATIONS XVI 116-117 Cellular and Molecular Drug Effects ORAL COMMUNICATIONS XVII 118-120 Double Trouble ORAL COMMUNICATIONS XVIII 121-124 Pot Pourri ORAL COMMUNICATIONS XIX 125-128 Neurobiology ORAL COMMUNICATIONS XX 128-132 Stimulants: The Agonist and Ecstasy POSTER SESSION I 133-185 Personality and Disorders Impulsivity, Anger, Domestic Violence Vulnerable Populations and Drug Abuse Pharmacokinetics Methadone, LAAM, Buprenorphine Cocaine: Pharmacotherapy Cocaine/Opioid Interactions Opioids: Behavior Benzodiazepines and Inhalants POSTER SESSION II 186-233 Adolescents Nicotine and Caffeine Immune System Neuroendocrines and Stress Cocaine: Genetics, Neurophysiology Cocaine: Psychosocial Treatment Employment Issues Opioid Withdrawal Pain and Analgesia POSTER SESSION III 234-279 Amphetamines Imaging Cocaine: Cardiovascular Effects Opioid Receptors Cocaine: Dopamine and Serotonin Comorbidity Gender Women Epidemiology vii POSTER SESSION IV 281-329 Cannabinoids and THC NMDA/Sigma Receptors, Ibogaine Seizure and Locomotor Activity Perinatal Exposure and Development Pregnancy Methods and Assessment Opioids: Psychosocial Treatment HIV/AIDS LATE ABSTRACTS 330-331 ANNUAL REPORTS Biological Evaluation of Compounds for Their Physical Dependence Potential and Abuse Liability. XXIII. Drug Evaluation Committee of the College on Problems of Drug Dependence (1999) 332-345 A. E. Jacobson Dependence Studies of New Compounds in the Rhesus Monkey, Rat, and Mouse (1999) 346-404 M.D. Aceto, E.R. Bowman, L.S. Harris, and E.L. May Evaluation of New Compounds for Opioid Activity (1999) 405-422 J.W. Woods, G.W. Winger, J.R. Traynor, M.-C. Ko, and F. Medzihradsky Progress Report from the Testing Program for Stimulant and Depressant Drugs (1999) 423-433 C.P. France, L.R. Gerak, J.W. Rowlett, W.L. Woolverton, G. Winger, and R.J. Briscoe AUTHOR INDEX 434-448 SUBJECT INDEX 449-476 viii INTRODUCTION OF THE NATHAN B. EDDY MEMORIAL AWARD M.W. Adler Temple University, Philadelphia, PA Two years ago, at the CPDD meeting in Nashville, I sat in the front row in the audience and listened as Dr. Bill Dewey said a whole bunch of great things about me when he introduced me as the winner of the Nathan B. Eddy Award. That was the proudest moment of my professional life, although it was sometimes difficult to believe that it was me that Bill was talking about. Well, now it’s my turn to say some wonderful things about the person about to be presented with the 1999 Eddy Award. As I’m sure you all know, the winner is Dr. Mary Jeanne Kreek. Mary Jeanne, I don’t want you to become overly troubled by this, but do you realize that you are the last person that will ever receive the Eddy Award in this century? Actually, I think that’s very appropriate because you are truly an outstanding and unique individual. For those who may not know you very well, I would like to provide a brief history of your professional life. Dr. Kreek graduated from Woodrow Wilson High School in Washington, D.C. and then attended Wellesley College where she received honors in chemistry and biology. She went to Columbia for her M.D. where she won an award for her research. Her internship and residency at Cornell University-New York Hospital Medical Center included internal medicine, gastroenterology, and neuroendocrinology. She also did a research rotation at the Rockefeller Institute in 1964 with Dr.