HANDBOOK CSDP THE COMMON SECURITY AND DEFENCE POLICY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION Volume I 3rd edition HANDBOOK ON CSDP THE COMMON SECURITY AND DEFENCE POLICY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION Third edition edited by Jochen Rehrl with forewords by H.E. Federica Mogherini High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy and Vice President of the European Commission H.E. Hans Peter Doskozil Federal Minister of Defence and Sports of the Republic of Austria H. E. Christoforos Fokaides Minister of Defence of the Republic of Cyprus This document has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Union and the Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Cyprus. Disclaimer: Any views or opinions presented in this handbook are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the European Union, the Austrian Ministry of Defence and Sports or the Cypriot Minisrty of Defence. Publication of the Federal Ministry of Defence and Sports of the Republic of Austria Editor: Jochen Rehrl Idea and concept: Jochen Rehrl Published by: Directorate for Security Policy of the Federal Ministry of Defence and Sports of the Republic of Austria Picture credits for the front page: European Union, EUMM Georgia, EUNAVFOR MED, European Security and Defence College Printed and bound by: Armed Forces Printing Centre, Vienna/Austria, 2017 (16-03300 | 16-03527) © Federal Ministry of Defence and Sports of the Republic of Austria and Jochen Rehrl Project Number: 2016.7906 Linguistic version Media/Volume Catalogue number ISBN DOI EN Paper/Volume_01 QW-07-16-116-EN-C 978-92-95201-05-7 10.2855/14292 PDF/Volume_01 QW-07-16-116-EN-N 978-92-95201-04-0 10.2855/764888 Printed according to the Austrian Ecolabel for printedmatter, Austrian Federal MinistryofDefence and Sports/ Armed Forces Printing Centre, UW-Nr. 943 CONTENTS 1 COMMON SECURITY AND DEFENCE POLICY 1.1. History and Development of CSDP (Gustav Lindstrom) ............................................. 16 1.2. The EU lobalG Strategy ................................................................................................ 20 Factsheet: European Defence Action Plan ......................................................................... 25 Graphic: The EU in a contested world ............................................................................. 26 1.3. Analysing the EU Global Strategy on Foreign and Security Policy (Sven Biscop) .......... 28 1.4. How to implement Strategy – Implementation Plan on Security and Defence (Raphaela Engel)........................................................................................................... 35 2 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES 2.1. The uropeanE Union and CSDP – State of Affairs (Gabor Iklody) ............................... 42 2.2. The uropeanE Council and CSDP (Luis Amorim) ........................................................ 46 2.2.1. The uropeanE Council .................................................................................... 46 2.2.2. The Council of inistersM of the European Union ........................................... 50 2.3. The oleR of the European Commission in CSDP (Diego de Ojeda) ............................. 55 2.4. The oleR of the European Parliament in CSDP (Jérôme Legrand) ................................ 58 2.5. The EEAS and its Crisis Management Component (Arnold Kammel) .......................... 66 2.6. EEAS Crisis Response Mechanism (Pedro Serrano) ...................................................... 73 3 CSDP MISSIONS AND OPERATIONS 3.1. How to Launch a CSDP Mission or Operation (Ana Isabel Xavier and Jochen Rehrl) .. 78 3.2. Challenges of Military Operations and Missions (Georgios Tsitsikostas) ....................... 83 3.3. Challenges for Civilian CSDP Missions (Kate Fearon and Sophie Picavet) ................... 89 3.4. Excursus: EUFOR ALTHEA (Friedrich Schrötter) ....................................................... 97 4 EVOLVING SECURITY CHALLENGES 4.1. Migration and CSDP (Jochen Rehrl).......................................................................... 104 Factsheet: A European Border and Coast Guard ............................................................. 112 4.2. Counter-Terrorism and the CSDP (Birgit Löser) ........................................................ 114 4.3. Cyber Security/Defence and CSDP (Jan Peter Giesecke) ............................................ 119 4.4. Hybrid Threat and CSDP (John Maas) ...................................................................... 125 4.5. Critical Infrastructure Protection (Herbert Saurugg) ................................................. 131 3 5 CROSS-CUTTING CSDP ISSUES 5.1. Gender and Women, Peace and Security in CSDP (Taina Järvinen) ........................... 140 5.2. Human Rights and CSDP (Taina Järvinen) ................................................................ 143 5.3. Rule of Law and CSDP (Daphne Lodder) .................................................................. 146 5.4. The ewN EU-Wide Strategic Framework to Support SSR (Karin Gatt Rutter and Gianmarco Scuppa) ............................................................... 152 6 CFSP AGENCIES 6.1. EU Institute for Security Studies (Antonio Missiroli) .................................................. 156 6.2. The uropeanE Union Satellite Centre (Pascal Legai).................................................... 160 6.3. The uropeanE Defence Agency (Jorge Domecq) ......................................................... 164 7 COOPERATION AND COLLABORATION 7.1. CSDP and Partners (Clara Ganslandt) ........................................................................ 170 7.2. Internal-External Security Nexus – Strengthening Ties Between CSDP and FSJ Actors (Michel Savary) .................................................................................. 178 7.3. The eurityS and Development Nexus (Clément Boutillier) ......................................... 184 8 CAPABILITY DEVELOPMENT 8.1. EU Capability Development (Herbert Sailer) ............................................................. 194 8.2. Strenghtening EU Defence with Multinational Cooperation (Sabine Mengelberg) ..... 206 8.3. European Defence Deployable Capabilities (Christos Malikkides) .............................. 209 9 TRAINING AND EDUCATION 9.1. The CSDPTraining Policy (Horst Koukhol) ............................................................... 214 9.2. The uropeanE Security and Defence College (Dirk Dubois) ....................................... 217 9.3. Military Erasmus – European Initiative for Young Officers inspired by Erasmus (Harald Gell) .............................................................................................................. 220 9.4. The ositiveP Side Effects of Training – The Security Policy Dimension (Jochen Rehrl) ........................................................... 223 4 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS A CMC Crisis Management Concept AF Armed Forces CMPD Crisis Management and Planning AFET Committee on Foreign Affairs (EP) Directorate AKU Autonomous Knowledge Unit CoE Council of Europe AMIS African Union Mission in Sudan COM Commander AMISOM African Union Mission in Somalia CONOPS Concept of Operations APF African Peace Facility COPPS Coordinating Office for Palestini- ARF ASEAN Regional Forum an Police Support (EUPOL) ARGUS Secure Rapid General Alert System COREPER Committee of Permanent Repre- ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian sentatives of the Governments of Nations the Member States ASEM Asia-Europe Meeting COSI Standing Committee on Oper- AU African Union ational Cooperation on Internal Security B CPCC Civilian Planning and Conduct BENELUX Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxem- Capability bourg CPPB Conflict reventionP and Peace BG Battle Group Building BIS Budgetary Impact Statement CRM Crisis Response Mechanism (EEAS) C CS Cyber Security CA Comprehensive Approach CSDP Common Security and Defence CAR Central African Republic Policy CBM Confidence-Building Measure CT Counter-terrorism CBSD Capacity Building in Support of CT/P-CVE Counter-terrorism/Prevention and Security and Development Countering Violent Extremism CCDP Civilian Capability Development CVE Countering Violent Extremism Plan CD Creative Destruction D CD Cyber Defence DCI Development Cooperation CDP Capability Development Plan Instrument CDPF Cyber Defence Policy Framework DDoS Distributed Denial-of-Service CEDC Central European Defence Co- (cyber attack) operation DDR Disarmament, Demobilisation CERT Computer Emergency Response and Reintegration Team DG DEVCO Directorate-General for Internation- CHG Civilian Headline Goal al Cooperation and Development C-IED Counter Improvised Explosive DG NEAR Directorate-General for Neigh- Device bourhood and Enlargement Nego- CIP Critical Infrastructure Protection tiations CivCom Committee for Civilian Aspects of DIF Defence Industry Factories Crisis Management 5 DOTMLPF-I Doctrine, organisational, train- ESDI European Security and Defence ing/exercise, material, leadership, Identity (NATO) personnel, facilities and interopera- ESDP European Security and Defence bility Policy Dr Doctor ESS European Security Strategy DSG Deputy Secretary-General EU European Union EU INTCEN EU Intelligence and Situation E Centre EAB Executive Academic Board EU MS EU Member State EATs Embedded Advisory Teams EUBAM EU Border Assistance Mission EBCG European Border and Coast EUCAP European Union Capacity Build- Guard Agency (former FRON- ing Mission TEX) EUCO European Council Conclusions EC European Commission EUDEL EU Delegation EC European