Fusarium Genomics, Molecular and Cellular Biology Edited by Daren W. Brown and Robert H. Proctor Caister Academic Press Fusarium Genomics, Molecular and Cellular Biology Edited by Daren W. Brown and Robert H. Proctor Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens and Mycology Research USDA-ARS-NCAUR USA Caister Academic Press Copyright © 2013 Caister Academic Press Norfolk, UK www.caister.com British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN: 978-1-908230-25-6 (hardback) ISBN: 978-1-908230-75-1 (ebook) Description or mention of instrumentation, software, or other products in this book does not imply endorsement by the author or publisher. The author and publisher do not assume responsibility for the validity of any products or procedures mentioned or described in this book or for the consequences of their use. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. No claim to original U.S. Government works. Cover design adapted from Figure 7.1 Printed and bound in Great Britain Contents Contributors v Preface vii 1 An Overview of Fusarium 1 John F. Leslie and Brett A. Summerell 2 Sex and Fruiting in Fusarium 11 Frances Trail 3 Structural Dynamics of Fusarium Genomes 31 H. Corby Kistler, Martijn Rep and Li-Jun Ma 4 Molecular Genetics and Genomic Approaches to Explore Fusarium Infection of Wheat Floral Tissue 43 Martin Urban and Kim E. Hammond-Kosack 5 Applying Proteomics to Investigate the Interactions between Pathogenic Fusarium Species and their Hosts 81 Linda J. Harris, Thérèse Ouellet and Rajagopal Subramaniam 6 Repeat-induced Point Mutation, DNA Methylation and Heterochromatin in Gibberella zeae (Anamorph: Fusarium graminearum) 93 Kyle R. Pomraning, Lanelle R. Connolly, Joseph P. Whalen, Kristina M. Smith and Michael Freitag 7 The Nitrogen Regulation Network and its Impact on Secondary Metabolism and Pathogenicity 111 Philipp Wiemann and Bettina Tudzynski 8 Diversity of Polyketide Synthases in Fusarium 143 Daren W. Brown and Robert H. Proctor 9 Plant Responses to Fusarium Metabolites 165 Takumi Nishiuchi Index 179 Current books of interest Omics in Soil Science 2014 Mollicutes: Molecular Biology and Pathogenesis 2014 Genome Analysis: Current Procedures and Applications 2014 Bacterial Toxins: Genetics, Cellular Biology and Practical Applications 2013 Cold-Adapted Microorganisms 2013 Prions: Current Progress in Advanced Research 2013 RNA Editing: Current Research and Future Trends 2013 Real-Time PCR: Advanced Technologies and Applications 2013 Microbial Efflux Pumps: Current Research 2013 Cytomegaloviruses: From Molecular Pathogenesis to Intervention 2013 Oral Microbial Ecology: Current Research and New Perspectives 2013 Bionanotechnology: Biological Self-assembly and its Applications 2013 Real-Time PCR in Food Science: Current Technology and Applications 2012 Bacterial Gene Regulation and Transcriptional Networks 2012 Bioremediation of Mercury: Current Research and Industrial Applications 2012 Neurospora: Genomics and Molecular Biology 2012 Rhabdoviruses 2012 Horizontal Gene Transfer in Microorganisms 2012 Microbial Ecological Theory: Current Perspectives 2012 Two-Component Systems in Bacteria 2012 Foodborne and Waterborne Bacterial Pathogens 2012 Yersinia: Systems Biology and Control 2012 Stress Response in Microbiology 2012 Bacterial Regulatory Networks 2012 Systems Microbiology: Current Topics and Applications 2012 Quantitative Real-time PCR in Applied Microbiology 2012 Bacterial Spores: Current Research and Applications 2012 Small DNA Tumour Viruses 2012 Extremophiles: Microbiology and Biotechnology 2012 Bacillus: Cellular and Molecular Biology (Second edition) 2012 Microbial Biofilms: Current Research and Applications 2012 Bacterial Glycomics: Current Research, Technology and Applications 2012 Non-coding RNAs and Epigenetic Regulation of Gene Expression 2012 Brucella: Molecular Microbiology and Genomics 2012 Molecular Virology and Control of Flaviviruses 2012 Bacterial Pathogenesis: Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms 2012 Bunyaviridae: Molecular and Cellular Biology 2011 Emerging Trends in Antibacterial Discovery: Answering the Call to Arms 2011 Full details at www.caister.com Contributors Daren W. Brown John F. Leslie Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens and Mycology Department of Plant Pathology Research Kansas State University USDA-ARS-NCAUR Manhattan KS Peoria, IL USA USA [email protected] [email protected] Li-Jun Ma Lanelle R. Connolly Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Program University of Massachusetts Amherst for Molecular and Cellular Biology, and Center for Amherst, MA Genome Research and Biocomputing (CGRB) USA Oregon State University [email protected] Corvallis, OR USA Michael Freitag [email protected] Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing Kim Hammond-Kosack (CGRB) Wheat Pathogenomics Oregon State University Department of Plant Biology and Crop Science Corvallis, OR Rothamsted Research [email protected] Harpenden UK Takumi Nishiuchi [email protected] Advanced Science Research Center Kanazawa University Linda J. Harris Kanazawa Eastern Cereal & Oilseed Research Centre Japan Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada [email protected] Ottawa, ON Canada Thérèse Ouellet [email protected] Eastern Cereal & Oilseed Research Centre Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada H. Corby Kistler Ottawa, ON USDA ARS Cereal Disease Laboratory Canada University of Minnesota [email protected] St. Paul, MN USA [email protected] Kyle R. Pomraning Frances Trail Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Department of Plant Biology Program for Molecular and Cellular Biology, and Michigan State University Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing East Lansing, MI (CGRB) USA Oregon State University [email protected] Corvallis, OR USA Bettina Tudzynski [email protected] Institute for Biology and Biotechnology of Plants Molecular Biology and Biotechnology of Fungi Robert H. Proctor Westfälische Wilhelms-University Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens and Mycology Münster Research Germany USDA-ARS-NCAUR [email protected] Peoria, IL USA Martin Urban [email protected] Wheat Pathogenomics Department of Plant Biology and Crop Science Martijn Rep Rothamsted Research Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences Harpenden University of Amsterdam UK Amsterdam [email protected] The Netherlands [email protected] Joseph P. Whalen Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Kristina M. Smith Program for Molecular and Cellular Biology, and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing Oregon State University (CGRB) Corvallis, OR Oregon State University USA Corvallis, OR USA [email protected] [email protected] Rajagopal Subramaniam Eastern Cereal & Oilseed Research Centre Philipp Wiemann Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada Institute for Biology and Biotechnology of Plants Ottawa, ON Molecular Biology and Biotechnology of Fungi Canada Westfälische Wilhelms-University Münster [email protected] Germany; Department of Medical Microbiology and Brett A. Summerell Immunology Royal Botanic Gardens University of Wisconsin–Madison Sydney Madison, WI Australia USA [email protected] [email protected] Preface The fungusFusarium has tremendous detrimental infect plants and cause disease and to synthesize impacts on crop production, through its ability to secondary metabolites, including toxins. cause plant disease, and on the health of humans In this book, an international group of Fusarium and livestock, through its ability to produce researchers review current research in critical areas toxins. Plant pathologists, mycologist and chem- of Fusarium biology. The opening chapter is an ists have long recognized this ubiquitous pathogen introduction to the organism. Subsequent chap- for its wide host range, ability to cause a variety ters deal with molecular and genetic components of plant diseases, and production of secondary involved in sexual development, plant pathogen- metabolites that vary markedly in structure and esis and secondary metabolism. At every stage biological activity. The toxins fumonisins and of research, in the field or at the bench, or while trichothecenes are a particular concern because of applying genomic, proteomic or metabolomic their repeated associations with toxicoses. Basic approaches, the goal has been, and continues to research on Fusarium biology has resulted in tre- be, identification of strategies to reduce crop dis- mendous advances in understanding genetic and eases and improve human health. biochemical processes that enable the fungus to Daren W. Brown and Robert H. Proctor An Overview of Fusarium John F. Leslie and Brett A. Summerell 1 Abstract et al., 1984; Desjardins, 2006), may have a role The fungal genusFusarium is notorious as a in plant disease (Proctor et al., 1995; Harris et al., pathogen of plants, animals and humans and as 1999; Glenn et al., 2008), and may be regulated a producer of secondary metabolites causing in commercial and international trade (Verstraete, toxicoses resulting from consumption of contami- 2008). nated food by humans and other animals. This chapter outlines the taxonomic