Sardiman, Ajat Sudrajat, Djoko Suryo: The Revitalization of Deliberation Values... THE REVITALIZATION OF DELIBERATION VALUES IN THE EDUCATION OF DEMOCRACY IN INDONESIA: A STUDY OF SOEDIRMAN FIGURE VALUES Sardiman, Ajat Sudrajat, Djoko Suryo3 Abstract This research aims at analyzing the importance of deliberation values in developing democracy education in Indonesia. This research is a qualitative-historical research, i.e. reconstructing the expression and role of Soedirman struggle and his figure values, especially the value of deliberation. The values were then explored thoroughly using a sociological approach and some of the religious dimensions to get an idea of a more fundamental deliberation value as the principles of democratic development.The results show that Soedirman was successful becoming a leader both within the civil and military community and capable of upholding the values of the deliberation in performing his figure tasks. However, the deliberation values tend to be fading in this reformation era. Also, democracy is liberal and tends to be overly practiced. This should be improved by developing democracy education through the revitalization of deliberation values. The revitalization can be realized by performing dialogues and following deliberation traditions practiced by Soedirmanin order to strenghtenthe implementation of Pancasila-based democracy (Pancasila Democracy). Keywords: Figure values, deliberation, democracy. 3Yogyakarta State University, Gajah Mada University. Email: [email protected] 30 IJSS.Vol.13, No.1, September 2017 Introduction immature mentality of the society especially Talking about the deliberationvalues in in relation to politics. This is indicated by Indonesia may remind us the content of the horizontal conflicts which frequently occur fourth principle of Pancasila. The fourth after the implementation of general elections, principle is “Democracy guided by the inner either in legislative general election, wisdom in the unanimity arising out of presidential election, or governor election, for deliberations amongst representatives.” instarnce a chaos that was triggered by Based on the fourth principle of Pancasila, the arguments of the defeated parties and founding fathers have determined that cheating allegations addressed to the winner democracy becomes the principle in the of the elections. Moreover, the growing of implementation of Indonesian democracy. money politic practices show that the political Therefore, democracy in Indonesia is well- actors feel unconfidence to exist in the known as “Pancasila Democracy” Indonesian democracy stage. The developed In fact, the implementation of democracy tends to be build based on desire, Pancasila-based democracy in the nation and short term reasons, and without affection. Life state life in Indonesia does not run as it is. which is marked by the arising desire and Pancasila democracy has not been ambition as well as lost of affection has implemented consequently since it was brought public space as a conflict arena and introduced by the founding fathers in unsafety situation. For instance, violence Proclamation era, during the period of increases in the form of murder, fighting independence defense, Liberal Democracy, among groups in the society, and among Guided Democracy, being reviewed in New students. They occur because brotherhood Order, and continued in Reformation era. and deliberation values have been faded. Even, many people in the Reformation era The decreasing of deliberation values consider that democracy is “over”. This was has resulted in the weakening of peaceful confermented by the President Jokowi in his feeling and mutual respect among humans. speech at an inauguration of Hanura Party People feel suspicious do not trust each other. Central Board in Sentul, Bogor, 22 February Thus, transparency as the important element 2017 (Kompas. Com. 22, February 2017). The in democracy life can not be developed. “over” democracy is also indicated by the Consequently, various problems in social life widening of extreme political articulation can not be solved. The accumulation of opportunities such as liberalism, radicalism, various problems in the society may create fundamen-talism, sectarianism, terorism, and massive disappointment which impacts on teachings which contradict with Pancasila trust crises toward the government as the ideology. Pancasila gets less attention. Even, it facilitator of nation and state life. This, for becomes jokes for some people (there was an sure, must not happen. artist who mock the fifth principle of Based on the explanation above, some Pancasila as bebek nungging/twerking ducks questions can be formulated as follows. Why (Rachmanto, 2016: 1). doesn’t Pancasila-based Democracy run The overly practiced democracy leads consequently? How significant are the to the unreadiness of infrastructure and deliberation values in developing democracy 31 Sardiman, Ajat Sudrajat, Djoko Suryo: The Revitalization of Deliberation Values... education in Indonesia? How can deliberation which will be reconstructed (Abd Rahman values be revitalized and actualized?. With Hamid & M. Saleh Madjid, 2011:19-22). After regard to those questions, it can be confirmed criticizing the sources, the researcher performed an interpretation. This stage that there are problems in the implementation include analysis and synthesis processes of democracy in Indonesia. (Kuntowijoyo, 2013: 78). The objectives of This paper provides description about these processes are to analyze deliberation the issues dealing with some questions above values as the results of the role expressions through the studies of Soedirman’s figure, and struggle of Soedirman. In analyzing the especially deliberation values. delibera-tion values, sociological approaches were applied with some religious dimensions in order that the values become more Research Methods meaningful (inspired by concept of scientific This research is a qualitative-historical cum doctrinaire (Mukti Ali, 2004: 57) Some research, i.e. a qualitative research employing explanations are linked to verses of the Koran. a historical method. This research is intended Therefore, hermeneutics method is required. to understand the meanings of individual or This method is employed as a tool to group attitude and action which describe strengthen interpretation process, explain and social or humanitarian problems (related to rationalize the values which have been Soedirman figure) (Creswell, 2009: 59).This analyzed (Palmer, 1969:23). More-over, research was conducted in Cilacap, psychological approach is used (Sartono Yogyakarta and various regions in East Java. Kartodirdjo, 1982) to know the attitude and The subjects of this research include behavior of Soedirman thouroughly so that it Soedirman and some informants who know may help formulate the values behind his Soedirman as the source-persons. This attitude and struggle. The last stage is writing research deals with the efforts of or making a report. This writing process reconstructing past human activities include the efforts to answer some questions, regarding the role expressions and struggle of such as: “what, who, when, where, how and Soedirman and formulating his figure values. why” (Berkhofer, 1980: 284). With regard to The steps taken after determining a research this, explaining skill is needed based on the title consist of collecting sources (heuristic), causality principle (Suhartono W. Pranoto, criticizing sources (verification), 2010: ).Then, the presentation of the writing interpretating (to build) meaning and the last uses an active-dynamic language and has is writing (Gottschalk, 1983:34, see also dramatic power (to build the readers’ spirit Helius Sjamsuddin, 1996). and emotion) (McCoy, 1974:11). In collecting sources, the researcher obtained many documents from Headquarters Research Findings of Army in Bandung, interview results Background of Soedirman Figure performed by History Team of Army to the Soedirman was born in Rembang, sourcepersons who lived at the same era as Bodaskarangjati, Purbalingga, on 24 January Soedirman and knew him well. In addition, 1916. He was a son of Karsid and Sijem who interviews were conducted with the witnesses were ordinary people (Dinas Sejarah TNI AD, when Soedirman became the leader of 1985:229). When he was a baby, he was taken guerilla. Selecting the appropriate by R.Tjokrosoenarjo family as an adopted sourcepersons should consider: who, when, child. The family belongs to high social class where, and how the role played by the known as priayi. sourcepersons regarding the events or figures 32 IJSS.Vol.13, No.1, September 2017 R.Tjokrosoenarjo is an Asistant of Wedono After he graduated from MULO Wiworo (Head of Sub-district) in Rembang, Tomo, Soedirman was fully active in Bodaskarangjati. He is a husband of Tarsem or Muhammadiyah organization. Firstly, Turidawati (Sijem’s sister) (S. Kadarjono, Soedirman was active as a member and then 1961:12). R. Tjokrosoenarjo and Turidawati he became leader of Hizboel Wathan (HW) did not have a child. Therefore, R. boyscout organzation in Cilacap. He guided his Tjokrosoenarjo took Soedirman as an adopted juniors in HW to perform discipline, to be child. Sijem did not mind about it. Sijem family hard worker and independent, do not then lived in R. Tjokrosoenarjo family complain and desperate, have strong belief, environment. and do not miss five times prayers (Sardiman Soedirman’s childhood has a unique story. AM., 2000: 51). Since he was a child, Soedirman’s