xaxk lekpkj | CPCB ENVIS Ganga Bulletin| 2015, Issue 2 (May - Aug) xaxk CPCB ENVIS Ganga Bulletin 2016 Editorial Micropollutants (Pesticides & trace heavy metals) in water and River Ganga has been a symbol of India’s age old sediments of River Ganga culture and civilization and Phase I: Uttarakhand & Uttar Pradesh stretch considered as the most sacred Environmental contamination river. Ganga rejuvenation is a movement for restoring by micro pollutants (pesticides the wholesomeness of and heavy metals) is a matter river in terms of its water of concern because of their quality. Besides various tendency to accumulate within activities being executed by animal and plant tissues and CPCB, compilation of news subsequent magnification in articles on River Ganga the food chain. Pesticides and may be useful to people at heavy metals reach aquatic large committed for taking ecosystems through surface run initiative in rejuvenation of off, drainage system mixed with Map showing monitoring stretch of Ganga River Ganga. River in Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, industrial and municipal waste. Bihar, and West Bengal CLEAN E OF NV I Inform IT R al a U O t t S N n io R M e n U E m P N S T n y N I o s L r t o i e ) P c v N m r z f n i i ; E k , Z o y j f . s k d INDIA Hosted by Supported by Published by Central Pollution Control Board Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change ENVIS CENTRE at CPCB MoEF & CC Government of India On Control of Pollution xaxk lekpkj | CPCB ENVIS Ganga Bulletin| 2016 During 2015 – 2016, Trace Organics Laboratory (TOL), CPCB; undertook monitoring of micropollutants (pesticides + trace heavy metals) in water and sediment of River Ganga from Gangotri (origin) to Gangasagar (confluence to sea). The state-wise number of sampling locations is presented in Table 1. Table 1: State-wise sampling locations for River Ganga at Kachhla Ghat (Badaun) micropollutant monitoring in Ganga river Nos. of S. State stretch sampling Study period No. locations Uttarakhand October – 1. 11 stretch December, 2015 Uttar Pradesh October – 2. 20 stretch December, 2015 February, 3. Bihar stretch 22 2016* River Ganga at Allahabad (Sangam) West Bengal 4. 17 March, 2016* stretch Total 70 Locations Findings * The analysis of water & sediments sampling for Bihar & West Bengal stretch is in progress. The micro pollutants in river water and sediments, as listed in Table 2, have been Pesticides monitored during the study included analyzed at CPCB laboratories (Trace Organics four groups of pesticides (31 Nos.) and major and Instrumentation Laboratory). heavy metals (14 Nos.) in river water and sediments (Table 2). 1. Organo-chlorine pesticides Table 2: Micropollutants (pesticides & heavy The analysis data indicate that the organo- metals) monitored in Ganga river during the chlorine pesticides concentration was below study detection limits (< 0.004 µg/l) in all the river water samples. However, p,p’-DDT was Pesticides Heavy metals Organochlorine Pesticides (13 Nos.) - α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH, δ-HCH, 1. Arsenic (As) 10. Nickel (Ni) Endosulfan-I, Endosulfan-II, Endosulfan sulfate, p,p’-DDE, p,p’-DDD, 2. Mercury (Hg) 11. Selenium (Se) p,p’-DDT, Aldrin, Dieldrin, Heptachlor 3. Cadmium (Cd) 12. Vanadium (V) Organo-phosphorous pesticides (8 Nos.) - Chlorpyriphos, Dimethoate, 4. Lead (Pb) 13. Zinc (Zn) Ethion, Malathion, Methylparathion, Phorate, Quinolphos, Profenophos 5. Chromium (Cr) 14. Antimony (Sb) 6. Copper (Cu) Synthetic Pyrethroids (6 Nos.) -α-Cypermethrin, Deltamethrin, 7. Cobalt (Co) Fenpropethrin, Fenvalerate, λ-Cyhalothrin, β-Cyfluthrin 8. Iron (Fe) Herbicides (4 Nos.) - Pendimethalin, Alachlor, Butachlor, Fluchloralin 9. Manganese (Mn) 2 xaxk lekpkj | CPCB ENVIS Ganga Bulletin| 2016 detected with maximum concentration of chromium, copper, vanadium, and antimony (0.58 µg/l) at downstream of Allahabad. In were found at few locations in Uttar Pradesh sediments, HCH isomers were most frequently stretch. Iron, manganese, and zinc were found detected organochlorine pesticide, followed in river water samples at most of the locations by DDT isomers. Maximum concentration which may be because of natural reasons. of HCH isomers in sediments was at Bithoor (α-HCH, 12.36 µg/kg), followed by Allahabad The study indicated that cadmium, selenium, u/s (α-HCH, 1.94 µg/kg) indicating frequent antimony, and mercury in sediments were use of these pesticides in the region. Presence below detection limit (BDL) from Uttarakhand of DDT isomers in sediments at Allahabad d/s stretch as well as Uttar Pradesh stretch, while and Varanasi d/s suggested input of DDT from arsenic, lead, cobalt, nickel, vanadium have surrounding catchment. The possible sources been found at some locations in the sediments. of HCH and DDT were combined contamination The presence of iron, manganese, and zinc from past and ongoing usage of Lindane and were detected in most of the sediment samples DDT coupled with long-range atmospheric which may be because of natural contribution. transport (LRAT). It is noteworthy that the Presently, Indian environmental standards are use of pesticides - DDT and HCH has been not available for limits of pesticides and trace restricted for agricultural use in the country. heavy metals in surface water and sediments. 2. Other pesticides The detected concentrations of the pesticides in sediment samples were found much lower Organo-phosphate pesticides were below than the International Guideline Values in detection limits (< 0.05 µg/l) in all the river water Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh stretch, and sediment samples in Uttarakhand and Uttar except the organo-chlorine pesticide, α-HCH, Pradesh stretch. Synthetic pyrethroid pesticides suggesting low adverse impact on sediment were detected only at Garhmukteshwar, Uttar dwelling biota. However, the presence of HCH Pradesh (λ-Cyhalothrin, 0.03 µg/l), but found and DDT isomers in sediments at some locations below detection limits (< 0.02 µg/l) at all other in Uttar Pradesh suggest their frequent use locations. Herbicides were below detection limits either locally or in upstream catchment. The (< 0.05 µg/l) in all the river water samples, chromium concentrations in river water have however, their presence were observed in been found exceeding the BIS and WHO drinking sediment samples at few locations with maximum water guidelines at Kanpur downstream. concentration at Rudraprayag (Alachlor, 10.5 µg/ kg) in Uttarakhand and at Bithoor (Butachlor, The studies concluded that present levels 15.38 µg/kg) in Uttar Pradesh. of micropollutants (pesticides + trace heavy metals) in Ganga River at Uttarakhand and 3. Heavy metals Uttar Pradesh stretches found mostly below detection limit except the presence of chromium The concentration of heavy metals such as at Kanpur downstream. The phase-II micro arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, nickel, selenium, pollutants analysis at Bihar and West Bengal and mercury was below detection limits in all stretches is in progress. the river water samples both at Uttarakhand Source: Trace Organics Laboratory, CPCB and Uttar Pradesh stretches. Traces of lead, 3 xaxk lekpkj | CPCB ENVIS Ganga Bulletin| 2016 DIRECTIONS Tannaries • Show-cause notices for closure were Sugar Industry issued to 400 tanneries in Jajmau, 23 tanneries in Banthar, and 14 tanneries • Show-cause notices were issued under in Unnao on 31.03.2016. Section 5 of E(P) Act, 1986 to 602 Sugar units in the country regarding Pulp and Paper Sector installation of Online Continuous • CPCB has revised the standards for pulp Effluent Monitoring System (OCEMS). and paper sector in consultation with IIT, This includes 67 Sugar units lying on CPPRI, SPCBs, and pulp & paper mills. main Ganga stem. Out of 67, except 10 The new standards have been proposed closed units, all 57 have installed OCEMS. for effluent, emission and freshwater • Directions for closure were issued to 176 consumption, and effluent generation. Sugar units all over country regarding The new proposed standards are more non-installation of OCEMS. stringent than the old standards. • Revised effluent discharge standards • The proposed norms for parameters for sugar sector have been notified on namely, specific fresh water consumption 14.01.2016 including the standard for & effluent generation, BOD, COD, TSS, reduced waste water discharge limit of TDS, colour, and SAR, are about 50- 200 litre/tonne of cane crushed and 80% stringent than the corresponding irrigation protocol. Revised standards present/existing norms notified under the not only prevent pollution but also Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986. ensure water conservation. Source: Environmental Surveillance Squad Division & Pollution Control Implementation (Small Scale Textile Industry Industries) Division, CPCB • Directions to 63 textile units as per the list of Grossly Polluting Industries (GPIs) SEWAGE prepared by National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA) were issued under Section 5 of E(P) Act, 1986 regarding Sewage drainage monitoring in installation of Online Continuous River Ganga Effluent Monitoring Systems (OCEMS). Till date, out of 16 textile units having There are 157 drains inventorized by CPCB discharge >25 KLD, 08 have installed out of which 144 drains are discharging into OCEMS. Remaining 47 are small scale River Ganga directly and 13 drains through units having discharge < 25 KLD. tributaries into the rivers – Kali-east (9) and Ramganga (4). These drains carry domestic • Revised standards for textile units are waste water as well as industrial effluents. under finalization and will be notified The status of assessment of drains is shown in after approval of Expert Committee. Table 3 and 4. 4 xaxk lekpkj | CPCB ENVIS Ganga Bulletin| 2016 Table 3: Drains discharging waste water into have STP in main stem) with the installed main stem of River Ganga capacity of 1231 MLD. Out of 65, 47 STPs were monitored in 2014 – 15. The utilized capacity No. of Flow BOD load State of these (monitored) STPs is about 542 MLD drains (MLD) (tonnes/day) (54%) as against their installed capacity of 995 Uttarakhand 14 444.2 42.8 MLD.