Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 289 5th International Conference on Education, Language, Art and Inter-cultural Communication (ICELAIC 2018) The Evolution of Zhizhuangzhang Initial Consonants in Zhiyan Cluster of Jin Dialect* Feng Gao School of Literature Xi'an University Xi'an, China 710065 Abstract—The ancient Zhizhuangzhang initial consonants the modern pronunciation of Zhizhuangzhang Jing group in Zhiyan cluster of Jin dialect belong to Changxu type. The initial consonant in Chinese: concourse type, dichotomy type, modern pronunciation pattern of Zhizhaozhang groups in and trisection type. Zhiyan cluster dialect includes Zhiyan cluster is in line with the dialect of “Zhongyuan Zhierzhuang and Zhisanzhang, belonging to the dichotomy Yinyun”, which was formed at the latest in the Yuan Dynasty. type. Xiong Zhenghui (1990) pointed out that in the northern dialect, there are the Jinan type with integration of Keywords—ancient Zhizhuangzhang; modern pronunciation Zhizhuangzhang and the Nanjing type and Changxu type type; formation time; Zhiyan cluster; Jin dialect with Zhi'erzhuang and Zhisanzhang opposite to each other. [2] The relationship between the word and sound of I. INTRODUCTION Zhizhuangzhang in Zhiyan cluster is the same as that of Zhiyan cluster of Jin dialect is located in Yan'an City, Changxu type, so it belongs to the typical Changxu type. Shaanxi Province, including dialects of six counties: Wuqi, Zhidan, Ansai, Yan'an, Yanchang and Ganquan. [1] Zhiyan III. THE DISTRIBUTION SCOPE OF THE TYPICAL cluster is in the transitional zone between Jin dialect and CHANGXU TYPE official language of central China. It has transitional features The dichotomy type of Zhizhuangzhang is widely in many aspects of the dialect. However, the modern distributed in Chinese dialects, extending westward to pronunciation of Zhinzhuang groups is completely consistent Qinghai, northward to Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia, with the mainstream of Jin dialect in Shaanxi and is very southward to Xiang dialect and Gan dialect areas, and stable. eastward to Jiaoliao Peninsula. Changxu type is a subtype of dichotomy type, and the distribution scope is also very large: II. THE MODERN PRONUNCIATION TYPE OF Qinlong cluster (Xining), Guanzhong cluster, Fenhe cluster, ZHIZHUANGZHANG INITIAL CONSONANTS GROUPS IN Luoxu cluster (Xuzhou), Zhengcao cluster (Ganyu) and ZHIYAN CLUSTER OF JIN DIALECT south Xinjiang cluster (Yanqi) in the Central Plains The division and combination rules and the distribution Mandarin, North Xinjiang cluster and Hexi cluster (Minqin) of the pronunciation of ancient Zhizhuangzhang initial of Lanyin official language, Canghui cluster (Cangzhou) and consonants in the six counties of Zhiyan cluster of Jin dialect Baotang cluster (Tianjin) of Beijing official language and showed a very strong consistency. The modern Qingzhou cluster (Pingdu) and Denglian cluster (Wendeng) pronunciations of the ancient Zhizhuangzhang initial of Jiaoliao official language. [3] For example, Haiyuan consonants are the combination of the Zhierzhuang opening dialect and Guyuan dialect of Ningxia, Dunhuang dialect and mouth and the Hongyin word of Jing group (except the Minqin dialect of Gansu, Xinjiang Urumqi dialect, Xuzhou Dangjiangshezhuang group, the Jiangshezhi group, the dialect, etc. are all typical Chang Xu type. So, what is the Hanzhishezhang group) is read as ʦ group, the round-mouth specific situation of the distribution of typical Changxu type combination of Zhisanzhang and Zhuang group (except for in the dialects around Zhiyan cluster? the Zhishezhang group, including the Dangjiangshezhuang The northern part of Zhiyan cluster is the other dialect group and the Jiangshezhi group) is read as tʂ group, and the areas of Jin dielects in the north of Shaanxi. The modern modern pronunciation of Dangkaisanzhuang group and the pronunciation of Zhizhuangzhang is relatively uniform, with Jiangkaierzhizhuang group evolved with round-mouth the typical Changxu type as the mainstream form. Li characters. There is no variation in the initial consonant of Jianxiao (2006) researches the pronunciation of the modern pronunciation of the round-mouth characters. Zhizhuangzhang initial consonants of 21 Jin dialect areas in From the classification of the sounds of the ancient the northern Shaanxi (the county in the north of Yan'an), and Zhizhuangzhang Jing group, there are usually three types of finds that most of the dialects belong to the typical Changxu type, and only six dialect areas are different. The six dialect *This article is one of the achievements of the National Social Science areas are located in the Suide Zaolinping, Suide Yihe, Fund Major Project "Atlas of Northwest Dialect (No. 16:JJD7400 10)". Jiaxiankeng Town, Wubao Songjiachuan, Wubao Songshang, Copyright © 2018, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). 429 Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 289 and Wubao Zhangjiashan. The Dangjiangshe open-mouth of rhyme books after the Yuan Dynasty, it belongs to the group, Jiangkai second group and Zhizhuang round-mouth Changxu type. Except Zhishe, Zhi'er and Zhuang group have group are read as ʦ group, and Gengkai second group is read same sound, read as ts group; Zhisan and Zhang group have as tʂ group. [4] This is different from the pronunciation of the same sound, read as the tʂ class; just for round-mouth other Jin dialects areas in Northern Shaanxi but consistent characters, the Zhuangzhang are mixed in reading and the with the dialects of Shanxi Linxian on the other side of the sound value varies from region to region." [7] Therefore, the Yellow River. There are 16 dialect areas in central Shanxi modern pronunciation type of Zhizhuangzhang in that also incorporate Zhizhanzhang round-mouth into Jing Guanzhong dialect should belong to the variable Changxu Hongyin Group, including dialects in Linxian, Liulin, and type. Lishi in western district, and Xiaoyi, Jiexiu, Pingding and Heshun in the central district. The west of Zhiyan cluster is Gansu and Ningxia, and its dialect belongs to Qinlong cluster and Longzhong cluster of They connect to each other geographically, forming a the Central Plain official language and Longdong area in narrow dialect band. [5] Six dialect areas including Gansu is adjacent to Wuqi and Zhidan. There are relatively Kengzhen in northern Shaanxi and Shanxi Linxian and few materials related to Gansu dialect. "Gansu Dialect Liulin are on opposite sides of the river, so the Profile" (1960) mentioned that in the dialect of the Longdong Zhizhuangzhang round-mouth ts group should be the result Region, "some tʂ group words are read as ʦ groups, of the influence of the above Shanxi dialect. including the open-mouth two characters of Guzhizhuangzhang groups (except Jiangshe) and the three The modern pronunciation type of Zhizhuangzhang in open-mouth second characters in the same group: "zhi, liu, Shanxi dialect in the east of Zhiyan cluster is rich. Wang and shenshe" [8]. The description is not in detail, so the Hongjun (2007) conducted an in-depth study of the modern specific distribution area cannot be found. The Zones of pronunciation of ancient Zhizhuangzhang group of 101 Chinese Dialects in the Four Provinces of Shaanxi, Gansu, dialect areas in Shanxi, and divided them into three Ningxia and Qinghai (1986) lists the classification and categories: I Zhizhuangzhang dichotomy type; II distribution of the four characters of “zhu, chu, shu, and ru”, Zhizhuangzhang integration type; III Zhizhuangzhang in which the sound value of initial consonant in Ji type and integration type of Jing four groups. The Zhizhuangzhang Ding type didn't change. Ji type are distributed in 11 places dichotomy type I include 57 dialect areas with the largest such as Wuzhong and Zhongwei in Yinnan cluster, and number. They are widely distributed in various regions of Jiayuguan, Jiuquan, Yumen, Jinta, Anxi, Wuwei, Minqin, Shanxi. Wang Wen continued to subdivide the 57 dialect Dunhuang in Hexi cluster, Gulang, Tianzhu, Yinchuan, areas into 4 types. The difference is mainly the conflation Yanchi, six places in Lanzhou cluster including Yuzhong and phonological values of the round-mouth pronunciation. and Minqin, ten places in Qinlong cluster, Pingliang and The first one is similar to the division and combination of Guyuan, and ten places in Longzhong cluster in Linxia and Zhizhuangzhang initial consonants in Zhiyan cluster, all of Lintao. Ding type are distributed in Qingyang, Huanxian, which belong to the Changxu type. This type is distributed in Huachi, Heshui and Dunhuang in Gansu, (Shaanxi) 29 dialect areas, of which there are 23 areas belonging to the Longxian, Yan'an, Ganquan, Yanchang, Dingbian, Baihe, typical Changxu type: Datong, Tianzhen, Shanyin, Shuoxian, Pingli, and Zhen'an. [9][10] Yanggao, Zuoyun, Youyu, Daixian, Fanzhi, Kelan, Baode, Pianguan, Hequ, Zhongyang, Fenyang, Daning, Yonghe, It can be seen from the above that the typical Changxu Puxian, Shilou, Huozhou, Xiangning, Yuanqu and Xiangfen. type is mainly distributed in the northwestern part of Shaanxi, [5] Most of these 23 dialect areas are located in the northern the north and west part of Shanxi, the eastern part of Gansu, and western parts of Shanxi Province, adjacent to or and most part of Ningxia, which are roughly connected in bordering the north of Shaanxi (including Zhiyan cluster). geographic position. The