3rd Webinar Planktothrix rubescens bbe - the company for advanced algae and cyanobacteria measurement www.bbe-moldaenke.de Welcome Detlev Lohse Frederike Lohse Sönke Kobarg bbe Team www.bbe-moldaenke.de Webinar – Planktotrix rubescens Part 1 Presentation 15 min Part 2 Demonstration 3 min Part 3 Interview 10 min Feedback Follow up www.bbe-moldaenke.de MONITORING THE APPEARANCE OF THE CYANOBACTERIA PLANKTOTHRIX RUBESCENS Detlev Lohse from the bbe Moldaenke company, Germany www.bbe-moldaenke.de Page 4 North Rhine-Westphalia 16,6 Mio. inhabitants (2013) Water consumption 130 l/day = 2,2 Mio. m 3/day total www.bbe-moldaenke.de Page 5 The area of interest in 2013 Sengbach dam 20 ha 2,8 Mio. m 3 Maximum depth 36 m www.bbe-moldaenke.de Page 6 Extraction for drinking water processing Planktothrix rubescens massive dam with waterworks Glüder www.bbe-moldaenke.de Page 7 The threat of the Planktothrix Reduce water quality Raise health risks Cyanotoxin Additional counteractions Raise costs Close of extraction Planktothrix rubescens www.bbe-moldaenke.de Page 8 WHO Guidelines 1999 www.bbe-moldaenke.de Page 9 How it works: fluorometric measurement of algal and cyanobacterial microplankton Excitation of pigments with light of different wavelengths Light emisson Accessory pigments + Chlorophyll a Photosynthetic membrane Determination of the red chlorophyll fluorescence www.bbe-moldaenke.de Page 10 What are the Algae classes? Algae classes contain different accessory pigments Spectral Green Blue Brown Red Mixed Group Peripheral Chlorophyll a/b- Phycobilisomes Chlorophyll a/c- Phycobilisomes Chlorophyll a/c- Antenna Xanthophyll (Phycocyanin) Xanthophyll (Phycoerythrin) Phycobiliprotein Heterokonto- Cyanophyta phyta Division Chlorophyta Rhodophyta Cryptophyta Glaucophyta Haptophyta Dinophyta …which affect the chlorophyll fluorescence emission in characteristic pattern www.bbe-moldaenke.de Page 11 Who is who in algae: norm spectra … represent characteristic red fluorescence of algal cells on excitation with different wavelengths www.bbe-moldaenke.de Page 12 Addition of Plantothrix rubescens spectrum www.bbe-moldaenke.de Page 13 Structure of phycobilisomes Phycoerythrin Phycocyanin Chlorophyll Allophycocyanin Thylakoid membrane www.bbe-moldaenke.de Page 14 Spectral features of the Planktothrix rubescens • phycobilins close the „gap“ in the absorption spectra of chlorophyll and carotenoids and act as antenna pigments • redish cyanobacteria contain phycoerythrin (Planktothrix rubescens ) www.bbe-moldaenke.de Page 15 What can multispectral fluorometry accomplish? Differentiation of algal classes in a complex mixture Determination of cyanobacteria i.e. Planktothrix rubescens Determination of chlorophyll content Correction for fluorescent interfering substances Field measurement www.bbe-moldaenke.de Page 16 Depth analysis: distribution of Planktothrix rubescens www.bbe-moldaenke.de Page 17 Gas vesicles • Protein cylinders • Hollow, gas filled • Water (cytoplama) exclusion • Sensitive to outer pressure • Sensitive to high photosynthesis rate www.bbe-moldaenke.de Page 18 Scheme of main types of active movements in cyanobacteria www.bbe-moldaenke.de Page 19 The point of extraction: compare the cell counts and the OnlineAnalyser www.bbe-moldaenke.de Page 20 FluoroProbe profiles in a German river dam E2 – E6 = raw water extraction points www.bbe-moldaenke.de Page 21 www.bbe-moldaenke.de Page 22 Conclusion Fluorometric depth profiling and flow through oneline analysis are a sensitive and rapid tool for the detection of upcoming Plankthotrix www.bbe-moldaenke.de Page 23 Acknowledgement Public Services Solingen Andreas Mokros, Waterworks Glüder www.bbe-moldaenke.de Page 24.