Online International Interdisciplinary Research Journal, {Bi-Monthly}, ISSN2249-9598, Volume-II, Issue-II, Mar-Apr 2012 Spatial Information Database Formation for Sangamner Tahsil in Ahemadnagar District using Geoinformatics Approaches Miss. Pragati P. Deshmukh Department of Geography, R.N.C. Arts, J.D.B. Commerce and N.S.C. Science College, Nasik Road, Nasik, (M.S.), India. Abstract Our earth is undulating where the surface cover occur by the natural and cultural features in verity of vertical and horizontal dimension. This exterior features determine the human life mode throughout its direct and indirect influences. The human lifestyle consists with space, where the rapid and gradually changes occur owing to the dynamic nature of earth. So the topographical or physiographical identification at precise level is the key part previous to any spatial planning. The spatial information can be represent on the plain paper for any distinctive purpose, generally we called to it sketch or map. Now a day, the presentation mode of spatial information has been changing, which is converted in Digital technology. The Geographical Information System and Remote Sensing technologies opened the new gate way for the spatial planning. By using RS and GIS techniques we can create the spatial digital database information in verity of GIS software‟s. This spatial information is useful for the administration, military, irrigation, engineering, communication, agriculture, and development department‟s decision making. KEYWORD: Spatial, Geographical Information System, Remote Sensing. Introduction: The spatial source of information has changing according to growing technologies and development in various fields. The surface identification and representation of location of geographic features also become easier due to advancement in Geographical Information System and Remote Sensing field. Spatial representation of where features are, explicitly and relative to one another which is composed of different geographic features represented as points, lines, and areas. This physical and cultural landscape is defined both by its location in space, and by its characteristics. In shortly, throughout the application of GIS and RS database we can create a map is a model of the real world. An attempt has been made in this paper to generate the various spatial database of Sangamner tahsil for decision making and information sources. www.oiirj.org ISSN2249 - 9598 Page 241 Online International Interdisciplinary Research Journal, {Bi-Monthly}, ISSN2249-9598, Volume-II, Issue-II, Mar-Apr 2012 Study Area: Present study area is the part of Ahemadnagar district which is located in Maharashtra state of India (Fig 1). The geographical extent of study area is 19° 12' 36.00" to 19° 46' 12.00" Northing and 74° 01' 48.00" to 74° 27' 00.00" Easting. The study area divided into two parts due to Pravara River called has northern and southern part. The southern part covered by hilly region as far as northern part known as plateau region. The central parts of region drained by river Pravara, and its tributaries. Study area preferred for the study purpose is the undulated topography where has physical and cultural variation due to diverse situation of tahsil. Here, the various types of prepared database map by Geoinformatics approach is largely useful for spatial information of tahsil for multiple types of decision making. Fig 1: Study Area Map Objectives: For the present works completion further few objectives is considerate here. To present the spatial information of Sangamner tahsil by preparing the various database maps of present study area. To utilize the Topographical and Remote Sensing data, like as ASTER (Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer data for generate the precise information. Lastly, to examine the capacity of GIS and RS techniques in the database building using GIS software‟s for Decision Support System (DSS). www.oiirj.org ISSN2249 - 9598 Page 242 Online International Interdisciplinary Research Journal, {Bi-Monthly}, ISSN2249-9598, Volume-II, Issue-II, Mar-Apr 2012 Methodology: For completion of this research work, following methodology is adopted, where the database, computer use, and software‟s are mostly use. The field work attachment helps for the ground- truthing of real world. Flow Chart: 1 Methodology Physiographic and Contour Map: Any Physiographical map gives the representation of hilly, plateaus and plain regions with fluctuated nature of surface. The topography of Sangamner tahsil is the undulating, especially in the southern part of tahsil. Sangamner divided into two parts by the Pravara River. The maximum height finds (Surfer-8 GIS software used) in the southern part which is known as Baleshwar Donger (1150 M.). Likewise, the minimum height is recorded from the ASTER data which is 550 m. The middle part of tahsil is plain topographical region due to Pravara river impact, flowing from western to eastern. A contour map has lines that show elevation where the any point on any line is at the same elevation. From the contours observation we can see hills (the lines form circles), whether a slope is gradual or steep (where it's steep the lines are close together), and other features. In this task, contours are also generated from the ASTER data in Global Mapper 11 GIS software at the 20 M. interval. From the contours map (Fig 3) nature also reveal that the southern part is hilly, www.oiirj.org ISSN2249 - 9598 Page 243 Online International Interdisciplinary Research Journal, {Bi-Monthly}, ISSN2249-9598, Volume-II, Issue-II, Mar-Apr 2012 where the spacing between two contours is so close. The maximum spacing in contour at middle part is indicating the plain nature of surface. Fig 2: General Physiographic Map. Fig 3: Contour Map (20 m CI) Topographical and Village Spatial information: Topographical maps are 2 dimensional spatial information sources. In toposheet physical (contour line, spot height, triangulation height drainage network, rivers, natural lake, coastal line, natural vegetation, forest, and other natural landscapes) and cultural information (settlement, roads, communication facility, cannel, villages information, market situation ) are located which can be analyzed only from toposheet expert. It is old and base sources of information for most of ground working department. For generation of topographical map of Sangamner tahsil 1:50,000 scales map has been used. Nearby four adjusted toposheets are used 47/I/2, 47/I/3, 47/I/6, and 47/I/7. Tahsil boundary‟s shape file is superimposed over the four Georefrenced toposheets and cropped the region (Fig 4). At sample level some villages of Sangamner tahsil is digitized by point vector data and shows its position within the boundary (Fig 5). The attribute information of village is also attached to this particular point entity. This geographical entity shows the spatial and non spatial (attribute) information of each villages of tahsil. This uploaded attribute information can be easily manipulated. It is very useful for administration, Governmental and NGO‟s, surveyor for micro level village planning. Village information can be also observed by clicking on particular entity and quarry analysis in GIS software. www.oiirj.org ISSN2249 - 9598 Page 244 Online International Interdisciplinary Research Journal, {Bi-Monthly}, ISSN2249-9598, Volume-II, Issue-II, Mar-Apr 2012 Fig. 4: Topomap of Sangamner Tahsil Fig. 5: Some Villages in Sangamner Tahsil. Digital Elevation Model and Drainage Network Map of Sangamner: From the analysis and interpretation of the DEM data and its derivatives, the following results were obtained: i) DEM data: A digital elevation model is a digital model or 3-D representation of a terrain's surface. From the DEM data of the area (Fig. 6) it could be inferred that the general elevation of the Sangamner tahsil, which is decreases from northern and southern direction to the central part. The highest elevation is 1125 m above sea level at a point whose location coordinates are 19.45º N and 74.15º E. This point located in southwest part of tahsil, known as Baleshwar range. The lowest point, as expected, is along the Pravara River. This is seen where the Pravara exit into tahsil at Middle Eastern part. About 40% of the area in the Plain region has elevation less than 750 m whereas 60% of the area is between the heights 750 to 1125 m. Digital Elevation Models are a type of raster GIS layer. One of the most powerful applications of DEMs is adding synthetic hill shading. Now a day ASTER (Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer) DEM is also used as a database, which is Japanese sensor which is one of five remote sensory devices on board the Terra satellite launched into Earth orbit by NASA in 1999. The instrument has been collecting superficial data since February 2000. ASTER provides high-resolution images of the Earth in 15 different bands of the electromagnetic spectrum, ranging from visible to thermal infrared light. The resolution of images ranges between 15 to 90 meters. ASTER data are used to create detailed maps of surface temperature of land, emissivity, reflectance, and elevation. www.oiirj.org ISSN2249 - 9598 Page 245 Online International Interdisciplinary Research Journal, {Bi-Monthly}, ISSN2249-9598, Volume-II, Issue-II, Mar-Apr 2012 ii) Drainage Network Map: A drainage map shows the watersheds of an area, the direction and elevation that water flows from into a stream, river, or lake. The drainage network map (Fig. 7) of the Sangamner Tahsil shows that the overall trend of the drainage basin is from northern to southern middle part as well as southern to northern middle part. Middle part covered by Pravara and its sub tributaries while the southern part covered by Mula and its drainage system. Drainage density is high in the southern part owing to hilly range of Baleshwar. In the northern part few tributaries flowing toward the northern direction also. This is in accordance with the elevation of the land surface which has the same trend as inferred from the DEM data.