Bharatiya Manyaprad International Journal of Indian Studies Vol. 5 No.1 Annual July 2017 Executive Editor Sanjeev Kumar Sharma FORM-IV 1. Place of Publication : Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, Ahmedabad Kendra 2. Periodicity : Annual 3. Printer’s Name : Dr Neerja A Gupta Nationality : Indian Address : II Floor Rituraj Apartment Opp. Rupal Flats, Nr St. Xavier’s Loyola Hall Navrangpura, Ahmedabad 4. Publishers’ Name : Dr Neerja A Gupta Nationality : Indian Address : II Floor Rituraj Apartment Opp. Rupal Flats, Nr St. Xavier’s Loyola Hall Navrangpura, Ahmedabad 5. Editor’s Name : Dr Neerja A Gupta Nationality : Indian Address : II Floor Rituraj Apartment Opp. Rupal Flats, Nr St. Xavier’s Loyola Hall Navrangpura, Ahmedabad 6. Name and Address of the: Nil Individuals who own the Newspaper and partners/ Shareholders holding more than one percent of the Capital I, Neerja A Gupta, hereby declare that the particulars are true to my knowledge and belief. Sd. (Neerja A Gupta) Bharatiya Manyaprad International Journal of Indian Studies Vol. 5 No.1 Annual 2017 Contents Editorial v Invited Articles 1. Indian Ness A.K. Srivastava 9 2. Art and Aesthetics: A Global Perspective of Swami Vivekananda Santi Nath Chattopadhyay 14 3. Yoga: Answer to All Ailments Jagat Motwani 31 Research Articles 1. Revisiting Portuguese Colonization in India Susheel Kumar Sharma 43 2. Why Transcendentalism Failed in the West: Hinduism and the Obliteration of the Self KBS Krishna 735 iv 3. Native Modernity in Literature: A Socio-Cultural Perspective Kavita Tyagi 857 4. Indian Mind in Mythology Virali Patoliya 100 5. Doctrines of Good Governance from Shukraniti and Contemporary Relevance Pawan Kumar Sharma 106 6. Primary Role of Bhakti in Indian Politics in Fight for Freedom Sanjeev Kumar Sharma 115 7. Contextual Presence of English in India Paavan Pandit 129 8. Reconceptualizing of Domestic Violence in India: with Special Reference to Domestic Violence Against Men and Their Victimization by Law Satyavan Kumar Naik 142 9. Status of Women in Vishanav Texts Neerja A Gupta 163 10. Mapping The Ganges: A Comparative Study of the Poetry Of Keki N. Daruwalla, Arvind K. Mehrotra and Susheel K. Sharma Nikunja Kishore Das 173 11. Indian Philosophy and Spiritual Management System Dilip Charan 193 Book Review 1. Indian Struggle for Freedom: Three Strategists Chittaranjan Dadubhai Desai 206 2. Chanakya in You: Adventures of a Modern Kingmaker, Radhakrishnan Pillai Hiral Ravia 207 3. The Encyclopedia of the Indian Diaspora, Editor Brij V. Lal Bhavesh S. Sharma 208 Editorial Meaningfully completing this volume of journal Bharatiya Manyaprad, it becomes mandatory to monitor the transaction of knowledge on Indian wisdom and knowledge systems it has contributed. In last five years Bharatiya Manyaprad has reached far and wide to almost all the major countries of the world and also to major institutes and individuals in India. To a young attempt this outreach implies strength in a competitive world. The journal still publishes articles by invitation. Bharatiya Manyaprad is now enlisted in University Grants Commission’s list of research journals and can be accessed at http:// www.bharatiyamanyaprad.com. After the factual deliberations, I move to some pragmatic dialogue. Should I begin with same question as being posed in Rigveda X. 121: dLeS nsok; gfo’kk fo/kseAA To which god shall we offer oblations? The doubt is intellectual! This refrain occurs nine times. The famous Nâsadîya sûkta, Zigveda, X. 129 brings forth many questions prior to creation. A dilemma which many have to face while struggling to bring vacuum to some design is perpetual. How do vacuums come to images, images to shapes, shapes to cultures, cultures to countries and countries to civilizations? How nothingness is the origin of life? How we all are left with the same question: uklnklhUuks lnklhRrnkuha uklhnztk uks O;ksek ijks ;r~A fdekojho% dqg dL; “keZUuEHl% fdeklhn~xgua xHkhje~AA Rigveda X.129.1II Then even nothingness was not, nor was existence, There no air then, nor the heavens beyond it. What covered it? Where was it? In who’s keeping? Was there then cosmic water, in depths iv unfathomed? Shastras try to answer, but intellect seeks further. Revisiting and rereading lead to research. Same question is approached in many ways and we still end confessing : he, who surveys it all from highest heaven,he knows - or maybe even he does not know b;a fol`f’V;Zr vkcHkwo ;fn ok n/ks ;fn ok uA ;ks vL;k/;{k% ijesa O;kseURlks vM+~x osn ;fn ok u osn Rigveda X. 129. 7|| Whence all creation had its origin, he, whether he fashioned it or whether he did not. How do we fashion our thoughts is the problem. A spark of this flame, it was believed, is to be found in the conversation of Yâjñavalkya with his philosophical wife Maitreyî; and the beggar Raikva, who sitting under his cart scraped off the scab of leprosy, had likewise become the mouthpiece of the supernatural. According to the Vedas, the Saptarishis were favored and protected by the Gods. Amongst these seven sages were two known Ayurvedic founders; Bharadwaj and Kashyapa. According to the Charaka Samhita, these are the same rishis of the Vedas who went to the Himalayan Mountains to attain the knowledge of Ayurveda. The Atharva Veda does mention a council of rishis assembled with Indra as noted in the following verse: “Let me receive the brilliance and the wisdom of those seated here together; and among these people assembled here may me the most illustrious, Indra!” -Atharva Veda (7.12.3) Today I repeat this for each one who designs the vacuum into shape and let each one becomes illustrious because shastra gives the Mahavâkyas: rRoefl] vga czgekfLe] izKkua czge] [kfYona czgeAA Sanjeev Kumar Sharma Invited Articles Bharatiya Manyaprad ISSN 2321-8444 Volume 5, No.1, 2017, pp. 9-13 Indian Ness A.K. Srivastava India, having a beautiful Indus valley, had been the most ancient civilization with great thinkers, great culture, spiritual knowledge, high moral values and innovations. India had the credit of having the most ancient University, named; Takshila, perhaps the first in the entire world. Respect for women was such that this country had thousands of Devis whom even males worshiped. Nobody ever heard of any rape, as there was the concept of mother, daughter and sister. The cultural heritage, knowledge, spirituality, innovation, moral values and meditation were India’s Indian Ness. In 18th and 19th century, when the ancient Indian knowledge of Vedas first reached western Universities, the intellectual elite there were deeply impressed and wanted more of it. Prominent personalities like Voltaire, Mark Twain, Schopenhauer, the Schlegel brothers, Paul Daussen and many others spoke in glowing terms about India’s heritage. In early 20th century, scientists like Heisenberg, Schroeslinger, Pauli, Oppenheimer and Einstein, in their research work, were inspired by Vedanta. India was a country of innovations. Indians had thorough knowledge of philosophy and of all other sciences. Great Rishis were there. Their inventions have been recognized by the entire world. In 10 CHIDANAND SARASWATI ISSN 2321-8444 many fields of science they were the pioneers. I mention here few of them. Rishi Aryabhatt, a master astronomer and mathematician, gave Zero to the world without which there would not have been mathematics. Albert Einstein fully recognized it. At the age of 23, Rishi Aryabhatt had written a book on Astronomy. He found Earth as round, rotating on air axis, orbiting the Sun and in suspension in the air. Rishi Bhaskaracharya gave Algebra and he was the first to discover gravitational force of Earth, 500 years before Newton found so. Acharya Charak invented Ayurveda which is now becoming very popular. Acharya Sushrit was pioneer in micro-surgery. Acharya Patanjali gave Yoga which is now growing in the entire world in one or the other form. We now have the World Yoga Day. Acharya Bharadwaj gave Aviation science. Acharya Kapil is the father of Cosmology. Space knowledge to Indian Rishis was perfect. If one reads Hanuman Chalisa there is mention of exact distance between Sun and Earth. It says Yug Sahastra Yojan Par Bhanu. That means, to reach Sun from Earth one will have to cover yug x sahastra x yojan. Yug is 12000 miles, Sahastra is 1000 and Yojan is 8 miles. That multiplication comes to 7,60,00000 miles equal to 15,36,000000 km. NASA has not disputed it. Even Lord Macaulay of Britain, who widely travelled India before framing laws for it, had, in his address to British Parliament on 2.2.1835, recognized the great Indian culture, great moral values and caliber of Indians, but he had said that if India was to be conquered, its spiritual and cultural heritage had to be broken, its old educational system had to be replaced and their self esteem had to be demolished. It is a matter of fact that India started losing its Indian Ness from the time of invasion of the Moguls. Then the British rule did the greater damage. We started thinking that all that was foreign and English was good and greater than our own which gradually affected our self esteem. Foreign education and foreign goods became very attractive. Being a ‘foreign return’ used to be a matter of pride. To belittle or to impress upon the natives, the foreign returns started using British slang in their conversations. With western influence, money chase became our dharma and we forgot karma theory. We ISSN 2321-8444 INDIAN NESS 11 started losing our moral values even in day-to-day dealings and the families started breaking. Our cultural degradation has gone down so much that now there is no concept of mother-daughter-sister, no courtesy while driving, no commitment in marriages, no responsibility towards parents, no respect for elders, no refinement in language, no dedication in employment, no prudence in spending, no patience and no tolerance.