Efficient large electromagnetic simulation based on hybrid TLM and modal approach on grid computing and supercomputer Mihai Alexandru To cite this version: Mihai Alexandru. Efficient large electromagnetic simulation based on hybrid TLM and modal ap- proach on grid computing and supercomputer. Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics. Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2012. English. tel-00797061 HAL Id: tel-00797061 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00797061 Submitted on 5 Mar 2013 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. ฀ ฀ ฀฀฀฀฀ %0$503"5%&-6/*7&34*5²฀ %&506-064& ฀฀ Institut National Polytechnique฀ de Toulouse (INP Toulouse) ฀฀฀ Micro-ondes, Electromagnétisme฀ et Optoélectronique ฀ ฀฀฀฀฀฀ Mihai ALEXANDRU฀ ฀ vendredi 14 décembre 2012 ฀ ฀ ฀฀ Efficient large electromagnetic simulation based on hybrid TLM and modal฀ approach on grid computing and฀ supercomputer ฀ ฀฀฀ Génie Electrique, Electronique฀ et Télécommunications (GEET) ฀฀฀฀ LAAS-CNRS ฀฀฀ PR Hervé AUBERT MCU Thierry MONTEIL ฀ PR Serge VERDEYME฀ DR Christian฀ PEREZ M฀฀฀: PR Roberto SORRENTINO, PR Serge VERDEYME, DR Christian PEREZ, PR Hervé AUBERT, MCU Thierry MONTEIL, Dr Fabio Coccetti, Dr Petr LORENZ THESE` en vue de l’obtention du Doctorat de l’Universit´ede Toulouse d´elivr´epar l’Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse (INP Toulouse) Ecole Doctorale : G´enie Electrique, Electronique et T´el´ecommunications (GEET) Discipline : Micro-ondes, Electromagn´etisme et Opto´electronique pr´esent´ee et soutenue par Mihai ALEXANDRU le 14 d´ecembre 2012 Efficient large electromagnetic simulation based on hybrid TLM and modal approach on grid computing and supercomputer Jury M.SergeVERDEYME Rapporteur M.ChristianPEREZ Rapporteur M.Herv´eAUBERT Directeurdeth`ese M.ThierryMONTEIL Co-Directeurdeth`ese M. Roberto SORRENTINO Examinateur M.FabioCOCCETTI Examinateur M.PetrLORENZ Invit´e I would like to dedicate this thesis to my loving parents ... Remerciements Ce travail a ´et´er´ealis´eau Laboratoire d’Analyse et d’Architecture des Syst`emes (LAAS) `aToulouse, au sein des groupes de recherche MINC et MRS (devenu par la suite SARA). J’exprime ma profonde gratitude `al’´egard de Messieurs Herv´eAubert, Professeur `al’ENSEEIHT et Thierry Monteil, Maˆıtre des Conf´erences `a l’INSA de Toulouse, pour m’avoir propos´ece sujet de recherche et pour avoir dirig´emon parcours. Leur dynamisme et leurs comp´etences scientifiques ont constitu´ele support qui m’a permis d’aboutir aux r´esultats de cette th`ese. J’adresse toute l’expression de ma reconnaissance aux Messieurs Serge Verdeyme, Professeur `al’Universit´ede Limoges, et Christian Perez, Directeur de recherche `al’INRIA de Lyon, pour avoir accept´ed’ˆetre rapporteurs de ma th`ese. Je les remercie notamment pour l’int´erˆet manifest´epour ce travail. Je suis tr`es sensible `ala pr´esence dans mon jury de th`ese de Monsieur Roberto Sorrentino, Professeur `al’Universit´ede Perugia, Italie, qui m’a fait l’honneur de pr´esider le jury. Je le remercie pour l’examen attentif port´e`ama th`ese. Je remercie vivement Monsieur Fabio Coccetti, charg´ede recherche au LAAS- CNRS, pour l’aide apport´ee `amon travail tout au long de la th`ese et pour avoir pris part `ace jury. J’exprime ´egalement ma profonde gratitude `aMonsieur Petr Lorenz pour le sup- port dans la validation du code de calcul. Toute mon amiti´e`aCristian Ruiz et Tom Gu´erout pour les collaborations fructueuses que nous avons men´ees ensemble. Je remercie ´egalement Alexandru Takacs et Daniela Dragomirescu pour les mo- ments pass´es ensemble, pour leurs conseils et leur gentillesse. J’exprime toute mon amiti´e`aNuria Torres Matabosch et Mariano Ercoli avec qui j’ai partag´ele bureau pendant pr´esque trois ans. Je leur souhaite beaucoup de bien. Un GRAND merci `atous mes coll`egues de laboratoire, pour les discussions tr`es vari´ees tout au long de ces trois ann´ees: Dina Medhat, Giancarlo Vincenzi, Hong Liu (Patricia), Franck Chebila, Tonio Idda, Farook Ahmad Tahir, Badreddine Ougague, Florian Perget, Rosa De Paolis, Sofiene Bouaziz, Khaldoun Saleh, Serge Karboyan, Aur´elien Gonzalez, R´emi Sharrock, Ahmad Al Sheikh, Jean-Marie Codol, Robert Guduvan, Miruna Stoicescu, Georgia Deaconu et Roxana Albu. Enfin, je tiens `aremercier le LAAS, notamment le service du personnel, le service Gestion financi`ere, le magasin, le service Logistique et infrastructure, le service Information Scientifique et Technique-Edition. Abstract In the context of Information Communications Technology (ICT), the major challenge is to create systems increasingly small, boarding more and more intel- ligence, hardware and software, including complex communicating architectures. This requires robust design methodologies to reduce the development cycle and prototyping phase. Thus, the design and optimization of physical layer commu- nication is paramount. The complexity of these systems makes them difficult to optimize, because of the explosion in the number of unknown parameters. The methods and tools developed in past years will be eventually inadequate to address problems that lie ahead. Communicating objects will be very often integrated into cluttered environments with all kinds of metal structures and dielectric larger or smaller sizes compared to the wavelength. The designer must anticipate the presence of such barriers in the propagation channel to establish properly link budgets and an optimal design of the communicating object. For example, the wave propagation in an airplane cabin from sensors or even an antenna, towards the cockpit is greatly affected by the presence of the metal structure of the seats inside the cabin or even the passengers. So, we must absolutely take into account this perturbation to predict correctly the power balance between the antenna and a possible receiver. More generally, this topic will address the theoretical and computational elec- tromagnetics in order to propose an implementation of informatics tools for the rigorous calculation of electromagnetic scattering inside very large structures or radiation antenna placed near oversized objects. This calculation involves the numerical solution of very large systems inaccessible by traditional resources. The solution will be based on grid computing and supercomputers. Electromagnetic modeling of oversized structures by means of different numer- ical methods, using new resources (hardware and software) to realize yet more performant calculations, is the aim of this work. The numerical modeling is based on a hybrid approach which combines Transmis- sion-Line Matrix (TLM) and the mode matching methods. The former is applied to homogeneous volumes while the latter is used to describe complex planar structures. In order to accelerate the simulation, a parallel implementation of the TLM algorithm in the context of distributed computing paradigm is proposed. The subdomain of the structure which is discretized upon TLM is divided into several parts called tasks, each one being computed in parallel by different processors. To achieve this, the tasks communicate between them during the simulation by a message passing library. An extension of the modal approach to various modes has been developped by increasing the complexity of the planar structures. The results prove the benefits of the combined grid computing and hybrid ap- proach to solve electrically large structures, by matching the size of the problem with the number of computing resources used. The study highlights the role of parallelization scheme, cluster versus grid, with respect to the size of the problem and its repartition. Moreover, a prediction model for the computing performances on grid, based on a hybrid approach that combines a historic-based prediction and an application profile-based prediction, has been developped. The predicted values are in good agreement with the measured values. The analysis of the simulation performances has allowed to extract practical rules for the estimation of the required resources for a given problem. Using all these tools, the propagation of the electromagnetic field inside a complex oversized structure such an airplane cabin, has been performed on grid and also on a supercomputer. The advantages and disadvantages of the two environments are discussed. Contents Contents vii List of Figures ix List of Tables xiii Abbreviations xv 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Backgroundandmotivation . 1 1.2 Objectifsandcontributions . .... 1 1.3 Structureofthethesis ............................ 2 2 Computational Electromagnetics 5 2.1 NumericalModeling ............................... 5 2.2 ComputationalElectromagnetics(CEM) . ...... 6 2.3 ClassificationofNumericalMethodsinCEM . ..... 8 2.4 AnalyticalandNumericalIssuesinCEM . ... 9 2.5 Transmission-Line Matrix vs Finite-Difference Time-Domain ......... 11 2.6 Conclusions .................................... 11 3 Parallel Computing 13 3.1 Parallelanddistributed architectures . ......... 14 3.1.1 Gridcomputing.............................. 15 3.1.1.1 Grid’5000platform . 18 3.1.2 Hyperion-Calmip ............................