Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-88873-8 - Biodiversity in Dead Wood Jogeir N. Stokland, Juha Siitonen and Bengt Gunnar Jonsson Index More information Index Abdera flexuosa, 170 alluvial forests, 292 Abies, 130, 288, 289 Alnus, 96, 375, 386 Abies alba, 135 Alpha-taxonomy, 409–410 Abies sibirica, 283 ambrosia beetles, 32, 36, 39, 40, 45, 145, abiotic environment, 194–201 226, 246, 273 above-ground environments, 200–205 ambrosia fungi, 32, 145, 246 fungi, 203–205 Ampedus, 158 invertebrates, 201–203 Ampedus cardinalis, 163, 391 Acanthocinus, 138 Ampedus hjorti, 391 Acanthocinus henschi, 4 Ampedus quadrisignatus, 4 Acari, 2, 35, 173 amphibians, 70, 165 associated species, 141 Amphicrossus, 153 bark-beetle association, 138, 141 Amylocystis lapponica, 179 evolution, 229 Amylostereum, 41 species diversity, 254 Amylostereum areolatum, 344 substrates, 75, 157, 167, 173, 179 Amylostereum chailletii, 27 Acer, 375 anaerobic conditions, 200 Acer platanoides, 155 Anaspidae, 167 Achilidae, 181 Anastrophyllum hellerianum, 77, 343 Acmaeops, 114 ancient forest, 383–384, 388 adaptive management, 330, species, 356, 357, 360, 383 411, 412 ancient tree, 161, 388, 390, Aedes geniculatus, 165 393, 395 Aesculus hippocastaneum, 102, 158 Aneides ferreus, 70 agaric fungi, 2, 169 Anisopodidae, 235 associated species, 181 Anisotoma, 174, 182 species diversity, 85 Anitys rubens, 163 Agaricochara, 43 Anobiidae, 26, 71, 154, 165, 170, 175, Agathidium, 174, 182 244, 357 Agathidium pulchellum, 181 Anobium nitidum, 154 Agathomyia wankowiczii, 44, 181 Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus, 66 Agnathosia mendicella, 174 Anomaluridae, 67 Agrilus, 167 Anoplodera sexguttata, 102 Agrilus angustulus, 202 Anthaxia zuzannae, 36 Agrilus obscuricollis, 202 Anthomyiidae, 73 Agrilus planipennis, 187, 197 Anthomyzidae, 76 Alaus, 42 Anthrenus scrophulariae, 76 Aleurodiscus amorphus, 130 Anthribidae, 167, 181, 182 Aleurodiscus disciformis, 130 antifreeze proteins, 195 Allecula, 158 Antrodia crassa, 119, 185, 379 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-88873-8 - Biodiversity in Dead Wood Jogeir N. Stokland, Juha Siitonen and Bengt Gunnar Jonsson Index More information 496 • I n d e x Antrodia infirma, 119, 197 Basidiomycota, 2, 227 Antrodia primaeva, 54 evolution, 227–229 Antrodia serialis, 54, 347 species diversity, 84–85, 147, 251 Antrodia sinuosa, 170, 181 substrates, 185, 190, 191 Antrodia xantha, 170, 181 bats, 67 ants. See Formicidae beech. See Fagus Apidae, 70 beetles. See Coleoptera Apis mellifera, 73, 405 Betula, 104, 118, 132, 222, 375 Apomyelois bistriatella, 181 bioenergy, 304, 311, 364–365, 408 Aradidae, 181 biopulping, 404 Aradus erosus, 181 Biphyllidae, 182 Aranea, 158, 256 Bisporella citrina, 3 Archaeopteris, 219 Bjerkandera, 180 Arhopalus, 114 Bjerkandera adusta, 53, 180 Arhopalus rusticus, 203 Bjerkandera fumosa, 53 Arion, 344 Blepharostoma trichophyllum, 77 Armillaria, 32, 168, 180, 206, 207, Blera fallax, 377 209, 335 blue-stain fungi. See staining fungi Armillaria bulbosa, 103 Bolitophagus reticulatus, 44, 170, 174, 341 Armillaria mellea, 289 Bolitotherus cornutus, 174 Aromia moschata, 393 Bolopus furcatus, 181 Arthrobotrys, 48 boreal forest, 278 Arthrobotrys anchonia, 44, 48 Boros schneideri, 359 Arthrobotrys superba, 50 Bostrichidae, 26, 154 Ascomycota, 2, 225 Bothrideres contractus, 358 associated species, 181 Bothrideridae, 358 evolution, 224–226 Botryobasidium subcoronatum, 209 species diversity, 85, 252 Botryosphaeria, 116 substrates, 166, 190, 191 Brachyopa, 37, 153 ash. See Fraxinus branches Asiliidae, 47 associated species, 168 aspen. See Populus dead attached, 165, 166, 191, 205 Aspergillus, 140 on the ground, 167 Asterodon ferruginosus, 347 Brenthidae, 71 Asteroxylon, 223 broadleaved trees Athous mutilatus, 396 associated species, 84 Atomaria umbrina, 181 chemical and physical properties, 11, 12, Aulacigaster leucopeza, 37 60, 96, 121, 131, 150, 151 Auricularia auricula-judae, 181 evolution, 94, 222 avenue, 390 species diversity, 91, 95 brown rot, 19, 20–21, 215 bacteria, 23, 152, 200, 222, 243 evolution, 241 Actinobacteria, 23, 24 brown-rot fungi, 20, 28 as gut symbionts. See gut symbionts Bryophyta, 77–79, 144, 251, 253, freshwater decomposition, 24 344, 372 marine decomposition, 24, 26 Bucephala clangula, 66 nitrogen fixing, 125 Bucephala islandica, 66 tunnelling bacteria, 23, 24 Buceros bicornis, 66 bacterial wetwood, 23 Buprestidae, 38, 202 Baranowskiella ehnstromi, 170, 173 evolution, 233 bark beetles. See Scolytinae habitat preferences, 387 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-88873-8 - Biodiversity in Dead Wood Jogeir N. Stokland, Juha Siitonen and Bengt Gunnar Jonsson Index More information Index • 497 species diversity, 273 Cerambyx cerdo, 118, 381 substrates, 167, 187 Cerambyx scopolii, 202 Buprestis splendens, 346 Ceratocystiopsis, 139 Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, 260, 409 Ceratocystis, 131, 139, 207, 226 Ceratocystis platani, 395 Calicium denigratum, 119 Ceratopogonidae, 164 Calitys scabra, 170, 359 Cerotelion, 45 Callicera, 164 Ceruchus chrysomelinus, 360 Callicera rufa, 378 Cetoniinae, 153, 158 Callidiellum rufipenne, 199 Chaenotheca, 79 Callidium coriaceum, 118 Chaenotheca ferruginea, 80 Calliphoridae, 76 Chaenothecopsis fennica, 119 Callixylon, 220, 223 Chaetoderma luna, 119 Calocera, 32, 133, 228 Chaetosphaeria myriocarpa, 34 cambium. See wood anatomy, cambium Chalara fraxinea, 395, 409 Camponotus, 71, 73, 74 Cheyletidae, 173 Camptodiplosis auriculariae, 181 Chilopoda, 158 cankers, 150 Chironomidae, 26, 28, 164, 210, 211, 244 canopy fungi, 166, 204 Chiroptera, 67 Carabidae, 76, 357 Cholevinae, 74, 76 Carphoborus, 118 Choristoneura fumiferana, 283, 289 Carpinus, 375, 386 Christiansenia pallida, 52 Carpophilus, 153 Chrysidae, 73, 74 Carya, 104, 118 Chrysura radians, 74 Castor canadensis, 263 Chyromyidae, 76 Castor fiber, 263 Cicadidae, 151 Castoroides ohioensis, 263 Ciidae, 43, 170, 174, 175–177 cavities Cis bidentatus, 175 associated species, 46, 58, 67, 73, 155, Cis bilamellatus, 176 158, 159, 162, 184, 256, 370, 389, Cis boleti, 176, 177 396, 405 Cis hispidus, 177 availability, 61–62 Cis jaquemarti, 170, 178 development, 60–61, 154–156 Cis nitidus, 176 hollow tree, 60, 121, 154, 155, 389, 390 Cis punctulatus, 170 microclimatic conditions, 157 Cis quadridens, 342 nesting and roosting in, 58–59 Cistella hymeniophila, 54 nests in, 165 Cixidia confinis, 181 water-filled, 162 Cladonia, 79 wood mould, 154, 157–158 Cleridae, 47 cavity use by mammals, 66–69 Climacocystis borealis, 185 cavity-nesting birds, 62–66, 314, 324, 325 climate Cecidomyiidae, 167, 173, 181, 235 change, 407–408 cellulose, 11 Clytus arietis, 202 Cephalozia, 77 Cochliodon, 264 Cerambycidae, 26, 71, 154, 167, 199, 202, cohort dynamics, 315 216, 410 Coleoptera evolution, 240, 245 evolution, 232 habitat preferences, 360, 387 species diversity, 86, 106, 105, 256 species diversity, 273 substrates, 157, 158, 169, 174, 179, 189, substrates, 105, 153, 167, 187 203 Cerambycomima, 245 Collembola, 157, 167, 179, 259 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-88873-8 - Biodiversity in Dead Wood Jogeir N. Stokland, Juha Siitonen and Bengt Gunnar Jonsson Index More information 498 • I n d e x colonization, 155, 168, 178, 188, 298, 343 hedgerow, 387 rate, 352, 367 parks, 154, 388–390 Columnocystis abietina, 347 threats, 393–396 Colydiidae, 46, 182 types, 380–382 competition, 65, 78, 277, 291–292, 339, Cupedidae, 244 340 Curculionidae, 244 self-thinning, 291 Curtimorda maculosa, 170 coniferous trees Cycadophyta, 87 associated species, 84 Cylindrosella, 173 chemical and physical properties, 11, 12, Cylister, 142 60, 96, 117, 292 Cyllodes ater, 180, 181 evolution, 92, 93, 220 Cyphelium pinicola, 119 species diversity, 91, 92 Cytospora, 116 connectivity, 316 conservation, 161 Dacrymyces, 32, 133, 228 conservation management, 331, 352 Dacrymyces stillatus, 117 continuity, 353–355 Dactylopsila trivirgata, 263 continuous-cover dynamics, 280, 286–292 Daldinia, 33, 133 Convention on Biological Diversity, 331 Daldinia concentrica, 182 coppicing, 386 Daldinia loculata, 115, 181, 182 Coriolus, 132 Dasyhelea, 165 Cornuvesica, 139 Daubentonia madagascariensis, 263 Corticeus, 142 dead wood Corticeus suturalis, 359 continuity, 307, 353 corticioid fungi, 2 diversity, 281, 299–301 species diversity, 85 dynamics, 307, 327 substrates, 166 quality, 306–307 Corylus, 222, 375, 386 spatial distribution, 286, 298, 299 Cossidae, 151, 240 volume, 279, 293, 295–298, 302–306, Cossonus, 163 327 Cossus, 40 decay rate, 200, 215, 296, 297 Cossus cossus, 245 decay rate constant, 125, 296, 297 Crepidoderus mutilatus, 389 decay resistance, 214, 215 Crepidotus, 132 decay stages, 126–128 Criorhina berberina, 209 decay succession, 168 Crustacea, 165, 210, 213 deciduous trees. See broadleaved trees Cryphonectria [=Endothia] parasitica, 409 decomposition pathways, 121–122 Cryptarcha, 153 defoliators, 111, 283 Cryptocerus, 25, 238, 244 deforestation, 362 Cryptophagidae, 74, 170, 174, 181, 182 Dendrocopos leucotus, 360, 369 Cryptophagus corticinus, 181 Dendroctonus, 284 Cryptophagus micaceus, 74 Dendroctonus brevicomis, 117 Ctenophora ornata, 162 Dendroctonus frontalis, 100, 117, 138, 141, 284 Cucujidae, 182 Dendroctonus mexicanus, 284 Cucujus, 143 Dendroctonus micans, 136, 285 Cucujus cinnaberinus, 359, 360 Dendroctonus ponderosae, 100, 117, 140, 284 Culicidae, 164 Dendroctonus pseudotsugae, 112 cultural environments. See cultural Dendroctonus