www.ricerchetrasporti.com SOCIAL EXCLUSION AND THE PROVISION OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT Social and Transport Research Services anno 2001 Social exclusion and the provision of public transport - Main report Contents Foreword.........................................................................................................................6 Acknowledgements.........................................................................................................7 Executive Summary - Key Results and Conclusions ..................................................8 Chapter 1 Introduction..................................................................................................9 1. BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY ....................................................................................9 Interpreting the Brief..............................................................................................................10 2. THE RESEARCH PROGRAMME ...................................................................................10 Literature Search ....................................................................................................................10 Structuring the Survey Fieldwork ..........................................................................................10 Carrying out the Fieldwork ....................................................................................................11 3. THE STEERING COMMITTEE/ADVISORY GROUP...................................................12 4. THE STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT.............................................................................13 Chapter 2 Current knowledge on Transport and Social Exclusion ........................14 DEFINITIONS OF POVERTY AND SOCIAL EXCLUSION.............................................14 Social networks and inclusion................................................................................................15 Measurement..........................................................................................................................15 TRANSPORT AND SOCIAL EXCLUSION........................................................................16 Travel trends use of and attitudes to public transport ............................................................16 Measures to address 'transport poverty'..................................................................................17 SUMMARY ...........................................................................................................................18 Chapter 3 Carrying out the fieldwork ......................................................................19 Introduction - a Working Definition of the Socially Excluded..............................................19 1. PARTICULAR CONSIDERATIONS FOR FIELDWORK WITH SOCIALLY EXCLUDED PEOPLE .................................................................................................................................19 2. CONSIDERATIONS IN NEW DEAL AREAS ................................................................19 Co-ordination with New Deal Research.................................................................................19 Observation ............................................................................................................................20 Finding the Non-Joiners.........................................................................................................20 3. CONSIDERATIONS IN RURAL AREAS .......................................................................21 4. SURVEY TECHNIQUES..................................................................................................21 5. INCENTIVES ....................................................................................................................25 6. TRANSPORT SUPPLY.....................................................................................................25 Chapter 4 The Study Areas - Urban ..........................................................................27 1. THE NEW DEAL AREAS ................................................................................................27 2. THE NEIGHBOURHOODS BIRMINGHAM - KINGS NORTON .................................30 The Area.................................................................................................................................30 Overview of Transport Connections and Relationship to Social Exclusion Issues................30 BRADFORD - PARK LANE, MARCHFIELDS, WEST BOWLING..................................31 The Area.................................................................................................................................31 Overview of Transport Connections and Relationship to Social Exclusion Issues................31 BRISTOL - BARTON HILL .................................................................................................32 The Area.................................................................................................................................32 Overview of Transport Connections and Relationship to Social Exclusion Issues................32 EAST BRIGHTON - MOULSECOOMB AND WHITEHAWK..........................................33 The Area.................................................................................................................................33 Overview of Transport Connections and Relationship to Social Exclusion Issues................33 HACKNEY - SHOREDITCH................................................................................................33 The Area.................................................................................................................................33 Overview of Transport Connections and Relationship to Social Exclusion Issues................34 KINGSTON UPON HULL - PRESTON ROAD...................................................................34 The Area.................................................................................................................................34 Overview of Transport Connections and its Relationship to Social Exclusion Issues...........35 LEICESTER - BRAUNSTONE.............................................................................................35 The Area.................................................................................................................................35 Overview of Transport Connections and Relationship to Social Exclusion Issues................36 LIVERPOOL - KENSINGTON.............................................................................................36 The Area.................................................................................................................................36 Overview of Transport Connections and Relationship to Social Exclusion Issues................37 MANCHESTER - BESWICK AND OPENSHAW...............................................................37 The Area.................................................................................................................................37 Overview of Transport Connections and Relationship to Social Exclusion Issues................38 MIDDLESBROUGH - WHINNEY BANKS AND WEST LANE .......................................38 The Area.................................................................................................................................38 Overview of Transport Connections and Relationships to Social Exclusion Issues..............38 NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE - WEST GATE ......................................................................39 The Area.................................................................................................................................39 Overview of Transport Connections and its Relationship to Social Exclusion Issues...........39 NEWHAM - WEST HAM AND PLAISTOW ......................................................................40 The Area.................................................................................................................................40 Overview of Transport Connections and Relationship to Social Exclusion Issues................40 NORWICH - NORTH EARLHAM, LARKMAN AND MARLPIT.....................................40 The Area.................................................................................................................................40 Overview of Transport Connections and Relationship to Social Exclusion Issues................41 NOTTINGHAM - RADFORD AND HYSON GREEN........................................................41 The Area.................................................................................................................................41 Overview of Transport Connections and Relationship to Social Exclusion Issues................42 SANDWELL - GREETS GREEN .........................................................................................42 The Area.................................................................................................................................42 Overview of Transport Connections and its Relationship to Social Exclusion Issues...........43 3. GENERAL OVERVIEW OF TRANSPORT AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO SOCIAL EXCLUSION ISSUES IN THE NEW DEAL AREAS .........................................................43 Chapter 5 The Study Areas - Rural 1 Introduction.................................................45 2. The Areas ..................................................................................................................46