AM 101 .S6635 MSRLSI Annals of the Smithsonian Institution 1998 Smithsonian Institution National Collections Program Smithsonian Institution Archives Washington, D.C. Annals of the Smithsonian Institution 1998 Smithsonian Institution National Collections Program Smithsonian Institution Archives Washington, D.C. Contents Smithsonian Institution 4 Award Activity at the Smithsonian Institution in Fiscal Year 1998 140 Statement by the Secretary 6 Publications of the Smithsonian Institution Press Report of the Provost 10 in Fiscal Year 1998 151 Report of the Under Secretary 12 Publications of the Staff of the Smithsonian Report of the Board of Regents 18 Institution and Its Subsidiaries in Fiscal Year 1998 154 Chronology 20 The Smithsonian Institution and Its Subsidiaries, Reports of the Bureaus and Offices of the September 30, 1998 217 Smithsonian Institution for Fiscal Year 1998 44 Donors to the Smithsonian Institution in Fiscal Year 1998 233 Members of the Smithsonian Councils, Boards, and Commissions, September 30, 1998 93 Contributing Members of the Smithsonian Institution in Fiscal Year 1998 264 Visits to the Smithsonian Institution Museums and Galleries in Fiscal Year 1998 101 Financial Report 277 Academic, Research Training, and Internship Appointments and Research Associates in Fiscal Year 1998 102 Notes: The arrangement of bureau and office listings within is not alphabetical but rather follows as closely as possible the organization of the Smithsonian Institution as shown on page 4. The contents of Armah were produced from electronic files provided by the bureaus and offices. National Museum of American Art —Renwick Gallery National Museum of American History National Museum of the American Indian National Museum of Natural History —Museum Support center National Portrait Gallery Smithsonian National Postal Museum National Zoological Park Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Institution Smithsonian Center for Latino Initiative Smithsonian Center for Materials Research and Education Smithsonian Environmental Research Center Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Education, Museum, and Scholarly Services Center for Museum Studies Exhibits Central Establishment, Board of Regents, Executive Committee, Fellowship and Grants the Secretary and International Relations National Science Resources Center Office of the Secretary Program for Asian Pacific American Studies Office of the Under Secretary Smithsonian Institution Archives Office of the Provost Smithsonian Institution Libraries Office of Inspector General Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Service Budget Office of Planning, Management, and Smithsonian Office of Education Office of General Counsel Sponsored Projects Office of Government Relations Office of Communications Other Support Services Accessibility Program Secretary Institutional Studies Scientific Diving Program Inspector General Secretariat Planning, Management, and Budget Under Secretary Membership and Development Operations Directorate Provost Chief Financial Officer Comptroller Contracting Museums and Research Institutes Treasurer Anacostia Museum and Center for African American Senior Executive Officer History and Culture Equal Employment and Minority Affairs Archives of American Art Human Resources Arthur M. Sackler Gallery /Freer Gallery of Art Ombudsman Center for Folklife Programs and Cultural Studies Senior Facilities Officer Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum Environmental Management and Safety Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden Physical Plant National Air and Space Museum Protection Services National Museum of African Art Senior Information Officer Imaging, Printing, and Photographic Services Information Technology Affiliated Organizations John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts Business Advancement Directorate National Gallery of Art Reading Is Fundamental, Inc. Smithsonian Associates Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars Smithsonian Businesses —Retail —Concessions —Product Development and Licensing —Smithsonian Press/Productions Smithsonian Magazine Statement by the Secretary I. Michael Heyman A few years ago, a number of scholars at the Smithsonian The notion of a national museum left him cold, and even the convened a meeting at the National Zoo that they titled construction of a great building on what is now the National "What About Increase?" They were concerned that the Mall struck him as a diversion of monies more usefully spent research function of the Smithsonian had become the hidden in the support of investigations in all branches of knowledge part of the Institution's dual mission to promore "the increase and the dissemination of findings in publications and other and diffusion of knowledge." forms of scholarly exchange. It is not, of course, surprising that most Americans think of Happily for us today, Henry was not entirely able to stop the Smithsonian principally in terms of our museums and their the Smithsonian from undertaking responsibility for the care exhibitions and programs. They are the public face of the of national collections, nor, for that matter, could he stop the Institution and represent our vital commitment to education. But creation of a tradition of great buildings on the Mall to there is another Smithsonian—the Smithsonian of research present them. His enduring legacy to the Smithsonian, instirutes in Massachusetts, Panama, and Maryland, of field though, was to underscore and establish the importance of a expeditions throughout the world, of scholarly investigations research agenda of the highest standard. into vanishing technologies, historical traditions, and artistic Within two years of the Institution's founding in 1846, expression. It is that Smithsonian, committed to expanding the Henry had already demonstrated the potential of his stubborn boundaries of knowledge, that we celebrate here. vision. At a time when only two other U.S. institutions At the time James Smithson made his generous and sponsored the publication of research results, he initiated the mysterious bequest to the people of the United States in the series Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, which 1820s, America was far from the research giant it has become continues to the present day as the Smithsonian Contributions in our century. While we will never know Smithson's exact and Studies Series Program. The first volume, Ancient intentions for the new institution he imagined, the Monuments of the Mississippi, a study of Indian mounds, has Smithsonian's first Secretary, Joseph Henry, argued that since been described as a "milestone in the development of Smithson had himself been a scientist (with more than 200 American anthropology." Henry also saw the Smithsonian's scientific papers to his name), it must have been his intention potential as a catalyst and cootdinator of scientific inquiry to found in the New World "an organization which should throughout the nation and the world. Using the hot new promote original scientific researches." Henry, known for his technology of the telegraph, he set up a network of hundreds experiments with electromagnetism, was in the vanguard of a of observers to chart weather conditions throughout the rising generation of American scientists and saw in Smithson's United States and as far away as South America. This bequest an opportunity to create, in the unlikely precincts of innovation created a base for the new science of meteorology, the capital city, a place devoted to pure research: in his words, grounded in the accumulation of long-range data, and led to a "college of discoverers." the establishment of the U.S. Weather Bureau in 1869. So devoted was Henry to his vision that he downplayed the Henry's interest in the emerging field we now call potential for public education in the use of Smithson's funds. anthropology bore spectacular fruit when he persuaded John Wesley Powell, a national hero after his explorations of the been realized in such units as the Smithsonian Astrophysical Colorado River, to add human studies to his interest in Observatory and the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute geology. In time, Powell established the Bureau of American (STRI), both ranked among the top centers of theit kind in Ethnology, predecessor to the Department of Anthropology the wotld. Baitd's ideal of museum-based tesearch has and its National Anthropological Archives in the National expanded from the activities of the single National Museum Museum of Natural History. The bureau documented the he presided ovet to the proliferation of great museums languages and customs of what were then assumed to be devoted to individual fields in science, history, and an, each vanishing American Indian cultures (later augmented by with their community of scholars. materials associated with other global communiries) in a While the many hundreds of researchers in the modern series of studies, field notes, photographs, and eventually Smithsonian cover an extraordinary range of topics, they share sound recordings. This remarkable and still developing body the impulse ar the heart of all research: to know what has of materials has been called by the great French nevet been known before. The astrophysicist, the natural anthropologist Claude Levi-Srrauss a "living inspiration." scientist, the anthropologist, the historian, and the an Research at the Smithsonian has anothet "godfather" from historian keep in mind rhe fundamental questions of their its early years, Henry's assistant and successor as Secretary, particular field—whethet about the