S REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA MINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF HOUSING BUILDING PLANNING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT (CIPTA KARYA) MEDAN URBAN DEVELOPMENT, HOUSING, WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION PROJECT VOLUME V MASTER PLAN AND FIRST STAGE PROGRAM FOR WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION PART 3- MASTER PLAN AND FIRST STAGE PROGRAM FOR DRAINAGE OCTOBER 1980 ENGINEERING-SCIENCE, INC. SINOTECH ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS, INC. A JOINT VENTURE in association with PADCO and P.T. DACREA PREFACE The feasibility reports emanating from the Medan Urban Development, Housing, Water Supply and Sanitation Project were submitted in draft form to the Government of Indonesia (GOI) in February 1980. These reports, together with the earlier master plan reports, were reviewed by GOI In July 1980 and discussed with the Consultant at a series of meetings at that time. The outcome of this review process was that certain changes in content and format were agreed. These changes have been incorporated into the final printed reports. A result of adopting the new guidelines provided by GOI is that differences occur between the Repelita III investments proposed in the master plan studies and those contained in the first stage program recommendations. The latter incorporate the final adjustments and represent the recommended program for Repelita III. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF TABLES ORGANIZATION OF PROJECT REPORTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION 1-1 1.1 AUTHORIZATION 1-i 1.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT 1-1 1.3 SCOPE OF WORK 1-2 1.4 THE STUDY AREA 1-2 1.4.1 Description 1-2 1.4.2 Topography 1-4 1.4.3 Climate 1-9 1.4.4 Soils 1-9 SECTION 2 EXISTING DRAINAGE SYSTEM 2-1 2.1 DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEM 2-1 2.1.1 Drainage Channels 2-1 2.1.2 Rivers 2-1 2.2 FLOODING EXPERIENCE 2-2 2.3 DRAINAGE SYSTEM DEFICIENCIES 2-2 2.4 RIVER CROSS-SECTION MEASUREMENT AND PROFILES 2-8 2.5 ESTIMATED EXISTING CAPACITY 2-8 SECTION 3 PROJECTED STORMWATER FLOWS 3-1 3.1 GENERAL 3-1 3.2 RAINFALL CHARACTERISTICS 3-1 3.3 RAINFALL DATA 3-2 3.4 PROBABLE RAINFALL 3-3 3.5 RUNOFF ANALYSIS 3-3 3.6 RUNOFF RATES 3-5 SECTION 4 PUBLIC HEALTH 4-1 4.1 PRESENT CONDITIONS 4-1 4.2 DRAINAGE 4-3 V SECTION 5 DESIGN CRITERIA AND BASIC FOR COST ESTIMATES 5-1 5.1 INTRODUCTION 5-1 5.2 DESIGN CRITERIA 5-1 5.2.1 General Criteria 5-1 5.2.2 Hydraulic Design 5-1 5.2.3 Rivers 5-3 5.2.4 Major Channels 5-3 5.2.5 Local Drains 5-3 5.3 BASES FOR COST ESTIMATION 5-3 5.3.1 General Bases for Pricing 5-3 5.3.1.1 Price Contingencies. 5-7 5.3.1.2 Engineering Services 5-7 5.3.1.3 Physical Contingencies 5-7 5.3.2 Drainage System 5-8 5.3.2.1 River Channel Improvements 5-8 5.3.2.2 Major Drains 5-8 5.3.2.3 Local Drains 5-8 5.3.2.4 Maintenance 5-8 SECTION 6 ALTERNATIVE DRAINAGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS 6-1 6.1 INTRODUCTION 6-1 6.2 ALTERNATIVE SERVICE AREAS AND SERVICE LEVELS 6-1 6.3 ALTERNATIVE FORMS OF FLOOD CONTROL 6-2 6.3.1 Reduction of Flood Runoff 6-2 6.3.2 Improved Inlet 6-5 6.3.3 Increased Channel Capacity 6-5 6.3.4 Avoidance and Mitigation of Flood Damage 6-6 6.3.5 Control of Other Features 6-6 6.4 EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVE DRAINAGE SYSTEM IMFROVMErNT 6-6 6.4.1 Major River Channels 6-7 6.4.1.1 Lower Deli River 6-7 6.4.1.2 Upper Deli River 6-8 6.4.1.3 Babura River 6-8 6.4.1.4 Belawan River 6-12 6.4.1.5 Percut River 6-12 6.4.2 Major Drains 6-12 6.4.2.1 Kera River 6-12 6.4.2.2 Sikambing River 6-16 6.4.2.3 Putih River 6-16 6.4.2.4 Badra River 6-19 6.4.3 Local Drainage Works 6-19 6.4.3.1 Local Drains 6-19 6.4.4 Summary 6-20 SECTION 7 RECOMMENDED DRAINAGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 7-1 7.1 DESCRIPTION OF RECOMMENDED SYSTEM 7-1 7.1.1 General 7-1 7.1.2 Description of Recommended System 7-2 vi 7.2 OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE 7-2 7.2.1 System Operation 7-2 7.2.2 Monitoring 7-2 7.2.2.1 Flow Recording and Inundation Records 7-2 7.2.2.2 Channel and Drain Maintenance 7-6 7.3 PHASED IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAM 7-6 7.4 COSTS 7-6 SECTION 8 ORGANIZATION AND FINANCE 8-1 8.1 EXISTING ORGANIZATION 8-1 8.2 RECOMMENDED ORGANIZATION 8-1 8.3 REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE 8-5 8.3.1 Existing Levels 8-5 8.3.1.1 Taxes 8-6 8.3.1.2 Expenditure 8-7 8.3.2 Future Requirements 8-7 8.3.2.1 Tax Revenue Required 8-7 8.3.2.2 Summary 8-9 SECTION 9 THE RECOMMENDED FIRST STAGE DRAINAGE SYSTEM IMPROVEMENT PROJECT 9-1 9.1 GENERAL 9-1 9.2 DESCRIPTION OF THE FIRST STAGE DRAINAGE SYSTEM IMPROVEMENT PROJECT 9-2 9.2.1 Kera Basin Improvements 9-2 9.2.1.1 Main Drains 9-2 9.2.1.2 Submain Drains 9-16 9.2.1.3 Local Drains 9-16 9.2.2 Urban Area Channel Clearing Cleaning and Dredging 9-16 9.2.2.1 River Channels 9-16 9.2.2.2 Main Drains 9-16 9.2.2.3 Submain Drains 9-31 9.2.2.4 Local Drains 9-31 9.2.2.5 Summary 9-31 9.2.3 Monitoring 9-31 9.2.3.1 Flow Recording and inundation Records 9-31 9.2.3.2 Channel and Drain Maintenance 9-31 9.2.4 Other Drainage Improvements 9-33 9.2.5 Flood Warning and Emergency Assistance 9-33 9.3 SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS 9-33 9.3.1 Population Served 9-33 9.4 ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS 9-41 9.5 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE 9-41 9.5.1 Organization 9-41 9.5.2 Staffing Requirements 9-43 9.5.3 Training Programs 9-44 vii 9.6 ESTIMATED COST AND RECOMMENDED IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE 9.6.1 Capital Costs 9.6.2 Operations and Maintenance Costs 9.6.3 Implementation Schedule SECTION 10 ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF FIRST STAGE PROGRAM 10-1 10.1 INTRODUCTION 10-1 10.2 PROJECT COSTS 10-1 10.2.1 Capital Costs 10-1 10.2.2 Foreign Exchange Costs 10-3 10.2.3 Operation and Maintenance Costs 10-3 10.3 PROJECT FUNDING 10-3 10.3.1 General Approach to Funding MUDS Program 10-3 10.3.2 Drainage Funding 10-6 10.4 FINANCIAL EVALUATION 10-7 10.4.1 Introduction 10-7 10.4.2 Financial Assumptions 10-7 10.4.2.1 Income Statement 10-7 10.4.2.2 Balance Sheet and Flow of Funds 10-7 10.4.3 Financial Evaluation 10-12 10.5 ECONOMIC EVALUATION 10-12 10.5.1 Introduction 10-12 10.5.2 Benefits of Proposed Investments 10-12 10.5.2.1 Flood Control 10-12 10.5.2.2 Health Benefits 10-13 10.5.2.3 Environmental Benefits 10-13 10.5.2.4 Capital Preservation 10-13 10.5.3 Summary 10-13 APPENDIX A EXISTING DRAINAGE SYSTEM A-i MAJOR CHANNEL CROSS-SECTIONS A-1 A-2 ESTIMATED CAPACITY OF MAIN CHANNELS A-15 APPENDIX B DRAINAGE CAPITAL COSTS: 1981/82 - 1983/84 B-I LIST OF FIGURES Page 1.1 Study Area Location 1-3 1.2 The Medan Region 1-5 1.3 Generalized Contour Map of the Study Area 1-7 2.1 Existing Combined Drainage System and Combined Sewerage System 2-3 2.2 Principal Catchments and Sub Drainage Areas 2-5 2.3 Location of Flood Prone Areas 2-7 2.4 Profile of Deli River 2-9 2.5 Profile of Belawan River 2-10 2.6 Profile of Percut River 2-11 3.1 Rainfall Intensity - Duration Curves 3-4 3.2 Runoff Coeficients as a Function of Rainfall Duration and Percentage of Impervious Area 3-6 3.3 Fraction of Impervious Area for Existing and Future Conditions 3-7 5.1 Typical Lined Channels 5-4 5.2 Typical Local Drains 5-5 5.3 Construction Costs for Lined Open Channels 5-9 5.4 Excavation Costs for Unlined Open Channels 5-10 5.5 Cost of Lining Existing Unlined Open Channels 5-11 5.6 Cost of Box Culverts 5-12 6.1 Drainage Service Areas 6-3 6.2 Projected Storm Runoff for Deli River Basin 6-9 6.3 Projected Storm Runoff for Babura River Basin 6-11 6.4 Projected Storm Runoff for Percut River Basin 6-13 6.5 Projected Storm Runoff for Kera River Basin 6-14 6.6 Typical Comparative Costs of Main Drains 6-15 6.7 Projected Storm Runoff for Sikambing River Basin 6-17 6.8 Projected Storm Runoff for Putih River Basin 6-18 6.9 Proposed Local Submain Drains 6-21 6.10 Typical Comparative Capital Costs - Local Drains 6-23 7.1 Drainage Implementation Schedule 7-7 8.1 Former Organization Chart Drainage Section 8-2 8.2 Existing Organization Chart Drainage 8-3 8.3 Proposed Organization Chart Drainage Section 8-4 ix 9.1 Location of Flood Prone Areas 9-3 9.2 Drainage Service Areas 9-9 9.3 Drainage Service Objectives 9-11 9.4 Existing Drainage System in Kera Basin 9-13 9.5 Projected Storm Runoff for Kera River Basin 9-15 9.6 Proposed Drainage System 9-19 9.7 Typical Cross Section Kera Main Channel 9-21 9.8 Typical Cross Section Service Level 1 9-28 9.9 Typical Channel Cross Section Service Level 3 9-29 9.10 Typical Cross Sections of Street and Footpath Drains 9-30 9.11 Comparative Cost of Labor Intensive Methods 9-42 9.12 Drainage Implementation Schedule 9-50 A.1 Existing Main Channel Cross-Sections A-3 A.2 Existing Main Channel Cross-Sections A-5 A.3 Existing Main Channel Cross-Sectiens A-7 A.4 Existing Main Channel Cross-Sections A-9 A.5 Existing Main Channel Cross-Sections A-11 A.6 Existing Main Channel Cross-Sections A-13 x LIST OF TABLES 4.1 Incidence of Reported Enteric Diseases in 1978 4-2 5.1 General Materials and Labor Costs 5-6 6.1 Drainage Management System - Service Objectives 6-24 7.1 Application of Service Objectives 7-3 7.2 Estimated Capital Costs for Recommended Drainage Management System 7-8 7.3 Estimated Operation and Maintenance Costs for Recommended Drainage Management System 7-9 8.1 Drainage - Revenue and Expenditure, 1978/79 8-6 8.2 Annual Tax Revenue Required (Rp.