Protection areas system in Poland Andrzej Macias Photos source: Internet Protection areas system in Poland Area form: - National parks - Nature reserves - Landscape parks - Natura 2000 sites - Protected landscape areas Individual form - Nature monuments - Dokumentation sites = Geosites - Ecological sites - Natural and scenic complexes Plant, animal and fungi species protection Source: Environment 2012. Statistical book, 2012: Central Statistical Office, Warsaw Source: Environment 2012. Statistical book, 2012: Central Statistical Office, Warsaw National parks National park comprises protected areas with particularly outstanding scientific, natural, social, cultural and educational characteristics, not smaller than 1000 hectares where the environment as a whole, including landscape characteristics, is protected. A national park is established to preserve biodiversity, resources, formations and elements of inanimate nature and landscape values, restoration of a proper state of resources and elements of nature as well as reconstruction of distorted habitats: of plants, animals and fungi species. A national park is established, its area widened or limited by the virtue of a regulation of the Council of Ministers. National parks are supervised a minister for environment. Source: Nature Protection Law Act, 16.04.2004, Jounal of Laws, 2004, No, 92 Item880 National parks Arrangements and opinions need to create - Reconciliation of Councils of Municipalities / Cities Region Regional Council, the opinion of non- governmental organizations, the private land owner's consent or dispossessio Liquidation or decrease - the Council of Ministers Regulation only if irreversible loss of natural values Buffer zone – must be Fees admission – Law Regulation of the Minister, the price is determined each Director of Park Protection plan - protection tasks 1-5 years established by the Director Park, approved by the Minister; protection plan for 20 years established by the Director Park approved Minister for Environment Arrangements protection plan - Opinion of the Authorities of Municipalities/ Cities Protected areas by IUCN (International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) World Commission on Protected Areas - WCPA): Ia - Strict Nature Reserve Ib - Wilderness Area II - National Park III - Natural Monument IV - Habitat/Species Management Area V - Protected Landscape/Seascape VI - Managed Resource Protected Area Thus, since all the Polish national parks comply with IUCN requirements, have been put on the list: -15 parks were assigned to the second category, - 2 parks (Ojcowski and Wigierski) were awarded fifth class. - 6 newest parks (Biebrzański, Bory Tucholskie, Góry Stołowe, Narwiański, Magurski and Ujście Warty) have not been classified by IUCN yet More informations about polish national parks (in English): http://www.staff.amu.edu.pl/~zbzw/ph/pnp/pnp.htm Source: Environment 2012. Statistical book, 2012: Central Statistical Office, Warsaw Source: Environment 2012. Statistical book, 2012: Central Statistical Office, Warsaw Source:Environment 2012. Statistical book, 2012: Central Statistical Office, Warsaw A nature reserve is an area in which natural or insignificantly altered ecosystems are maintained, including natural habitats, as well as defined species of flora and fauna and elements of inanimate nature, having significant scientific, natural, cultural or scenic value. An area is recognized as a reserve by the virtue of a local ordinance in the form of the Regional Director for Environmental Source: Nature Protection Law Act, 16.04.2004, Jounal of Laws, 2004, No, 92 Item880 Nature reserves Arrangements and opinions need to create - on private area the consent of the owner or dispossession, the state-owned area not required Liquidation or reduction - RDOŚ decree, only if irreversible loss of natural value Buffer zone – can be Fees admissions - RDOŚ can enter and set the price Protection Plan - Protection Tasks 1-5 years, establishes and sets RDOŚ; protection plan for 20 years shall RDOŚ Arrangements protection plan - Opinion of the Council of Municipalities / Cities, public participation Classification of reserves in accordance with hitherto applied division into 9 types (elaborated by prof. Z. Czubiński): 1. Fauna reserves 2. Landscape reserves 3. Forest reserves 4. Peatbog reserves 5. Flora reserves 6. Water reserves 7. Inanimate nature reserves 8. Steppe reserves 9. Halophyte reserves Source: Environment 2012. Statistical book, 2012: Central Statistical Office, Warsaw Nature reserves in Poland Piekiełko Szkuckie Pogorzel Peatland Loess gorge Photos source: Internet Landscape park is the area protected due to environmental, historical and cultural values. The purpose of establishing a landscape park is preservation, popularisation and dissemination of such the values in the conditions of sustainable development. Creation of a landscaped park, or increase its area by way of a resolution of the voivodship parliament. Source: Nature Protection Law Act, 16.04.2004, Jounal of Laws, 2004, No, 92 Item880 Landscape parks Arrangements and opinions need to create - not required Liquidation or decrease - Parliament of the Province resolution, only in the case of loss of values,​​ Buffer zones – can be Admission fees - No Protection Plan - Prepare the park director, establishes Voivodeship Parliament Arrangements protection plan - Not applicable Landscape parks in Poland Source: Internet Suwałki Landscape Park Example of young glacial landscape Photo source: Internet Suwałki Landscape Park Polish first landscape park (1976); covering an area of 62.84 square kilometres More informations: http://www.spk.org.pl/ Turtul Esker Photos source: Internet Rogalin Landscape Park (Wielkopolska) Photo source: Internet A protected landscape area is an area protected due to particularly outstanding landscape features of the area of diversified ecosystems, valuable especially owing to the potential for satisfying needs connected with tourism and recreation, or owing to the existing or restored ecological corridors. Designation of protected landscape area by resolution of voivodship parliament. Source: Nature Protection Law Act, 16.04.2004, Jounal of Laws, 2004, No, 92 Item880 Landscape protection areas Arrangements and opinions need to create - not required Liquidation or decrease - Parliament of the Voivodeship resolution, only in the case of loss of values,​​ Buffer zones – no Admission fees - No Active protection - pursuant to the provisions of local plans Protection Plan – No Arrangements protection plan - Not applicable Landscape protection areas in Poland (light green color) Source: http://www.konkurs-ekologiczny.pl/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/art-6-mapka.jpg Protected landscape areas in Poland Photos source: Internet Krotoszyn Oak Forests Protected Landscape Area Source: http://dabrowy.zsp2.krotoszyn.net/ NATURA 2000 sites Who creates? - The Minister of Environment Arrangements and opinions need to create - to consult community councils Liquidation or decrease - Minister of Environment only if it is warranted by natural developments noted as a result of monitoring and after obtaining the consent of the European Commission Buffer zones – no Admission fees - No Protection plan/Protection tasks plan – Protection plan and / or plan of protection tasks for 1-10 years; protection plan for a period of 20 years, sets RDOŚ Prohibitions - Take action that could materially negative impact on the area; RDOŚ may allow exceptions because of the necessary reasons of overriding public interest, in the absence of alternative solutions Nature monuments are individual objects of animate and inanimate nature, or their clusters, of scientific, cultural, historic and commemorative values as well as unique landscape characteristics distinguishing them among other objects, especially aged and grand trees and bushes of native or alien species, springs, waterfalls, exurgences, rocks, ravines, erratic boulders, caves. A nature monument is specified by the virtue of an ordinance of a commune council. Source: Nature Protection Law Act, 16.04.2004, Jounal of Laws, 2004, No, 92 Item880 Source: Environment 2012. Statistical book, 2012: Central Statistical Office, Warsaw Photos source: Internet Tychowo, Nature Monument „Trygław” - the largest erratic boulder in Poland District of rock is 50 m, length 13.7 m, width 9.3 m, total height of 7.8 meters (including 4 m under ground), the volume of about 700 m3, the estimated weight of about 2,000 t Photo source: Internet Nature Monument „Ferris boulder” (Bisztynek town, Mazury, north-eastern Poland) Photo source: Internet Documentation sites are sites where geological formations, fossil accumulations or mineral objects occur as well as exploited and discarded opencast and underground workings which are not visible on the surface or can be rendered accessible and are important for scientific and educational reasons. Documentation sites include also sites of fossil plants or animals. A documentation site is specified by the virtue of an ordinance of a commune council. Source: Nature Protection Law Act, 16.04.2004, Jounal of Laws, 2004, No, 92 Item880 Geosites Photos source: Internet Pieniny volcanoes Myslibórz small organs Ecological sites comprise the remains of ecosystems which are worthy of protection and having a significance in maintaining unique gene pools and environment types, such as: natural water basins, field and forest ponds, tree and bush clusters, swamps, peat-bogs, dunes, areas of unused flora, old river-beds,