Notes Chapter 1. Introduction Model for Sustainable Urban Growth with Projects in Ten Countries on Six Continents,” press release, May 18, 1. Robert D. Yaro, Regional Plan 2009. Association, “Before the Next Storm,” November 12, 2012, http://www.rpa 7. Author’s notes from a presentation .org/2012/11/before-the-next-storm by Lord Nicholas Stern in the closing .html (accessed January 7, 2013). plenary session of the Copenhagen Climate Change Congress, March 2. Peter Calthorpe, Urbanism in the Age 10–12, 2009. of Climate Change (Washington, DC: Island Press, 2010), 8. 8. Adam Ritchie and Randall Thomas, eds., Sustainable Urban Design: An 3. Homo ludens refers to “man the Environmental Approach, 2nd ed. player.” The concept is introduced in (London: Taylor and Francis, 2009), 3. a book by Johan Huizinga titled Homo ludens: A Study of the Play-Element in Culture, first published in 1938. Chapter 2. Bo01, Malmö, 4. Work of the studio is published in Sweden a 2005 report by the Tianjin Urban 1. Bengt Persson, ed., Sustainable City Planning and Design Institute and of Tomorrow: Bo01—Experiences the University of California, Berkeley, of a Swedish Housing Exposition College of Environmental Design, (Stockholm: Formas [Swedish “Principles and Prototypes—Tianjin Research Council for Environment, Transit-Oriented Development.” See Agricultural Sciences and Spatial also Harrison Fraker, “Unforbidden Planning], 2005), 9. Cities,” California 117, no. 5 (September/October 2006): 44–49. 2. Ibid., 7. 5. The EcoBlock concept is summarized 3. Ibid., 9. in an August 2007 report by ARUP 4. Ibid. Americas, Inc., “Qingdao EcoBlock 5. Ibid. Prototype, Pre-Feasibility Study 6. Ibid., 11. Report.” 7. Ibid., 12. 6. William J. Clinton Foundation and US Green Building Council, “Clinton 8. Ibid., 39. Climate Initiative to Demonstrate 9. Ibid., 42. H. Fraker, The Hidden Potential of Sustainable Neighborhoods: Lessons from Low-Carbon Communities, 209 DOI 10.5822/978-1-61091-409 - 3 , © 2013 Harrison Fraker 210 | Notes 10. Ibid. 4. Ibid., 18. 11. Ibid., 14. 5. Stockholm City Planning 12. Klas Tham, “Bo01: City of Tomorrow” Administration, “Neighborhood (unpublished paper, March 2007). Planning Quality Guidelines” (Stockholm: City of Stockholm, 13. Persson, Sustainable City of Tomorrow, 2005), 1. 51. 6. Stockholm City Planning 14. Ibid., 52. Administration, “Hammarby 15. Ibid., 43. Sjöstad,” 3. 16. Ibid., 45. 7. GlashusEtt, Hammarby Sjöstad: 17. Ibid., 53. A Unique Environmental Project 18. William McDonough and Michael in Stockholm (Stockholm: City of Braungart, Cradle to Cradle: Remaking Stockholm, 2007), 11. the Way We Make Things (New York: 8. Poldermans, “Sustainable Urban North Point Press, 2002). Development,” 25. 19. Persson, Sustainable City of Tomorrow, 9. David Fannon, “Hammarby Sjöstad: 14. Report for Arch 209” (Berkeley: 20. Ibid., 35. University of California, College of Environmental Design, November 21. Ibid., 39. 2009). 22. Ibid. 10. GlashusEtt, Hammarby Sjöstad, 8. 11. Ibid., 10. Chapter 3. Hammarby Sjöstad, Stockholm, 12. Poldermans, “Sustainable Urban Sweden Development,” 23. 13. Fannon, “Hammarby Sjöstad: Report.” 1. Cas Poldermans, “Sustainable Urban 14. Poldermans, “Sustainable Urban Development: The Case of Hammarby Development,” 24. Sjöstad” (Stockholm: Stockholm 15. GlashusEtt, Hammarby Sjöstad, 17. University, Department of Human 16. Fannon, “Hammarby Sjöstad: Report.” Geography, 2006), 11, http://www 17. GlashusEtt, Hammarby Sjöstad, 21. .hammarbysjostad.se/miljo/pdf /CasPoldermans.pdf. 18. Ibid., 18. 2. Stockholm City Planning 19. Ibid., 27. Administration, “Hammarby Sjöstad” 20. Ibid., 19. (Stockholm: City of Stockholm, 21. Future Communities, “Hammarby 2007), 1. Sjöstad, Stockholm, Sweden, 1995 to 3. Poldermans, “Sustainable Urban 2015: Building a ‘Green’ City Extension,” Development,” 16. http://www Notes | 211 .futurecommunities.net/case-studies Chapter 5. Vauban, /hammarby-sjostad-stockholm- Freiburg, Germany sweden-1995-2015 (accessed December 12, 2012). 1. Chris Turner, “Solar Settlement,” Azure, January 5, 2007, 2. 22. Ibid. 2. Jan Scheuerer, “Vauban District, Chapter 4. Kronsberg, Freiburg, Germany” (Perth, Western Hannover, Germany Australia: Murdoch University, Institute for Social Sustainability, 2009), 1, http://www.vauban.de/info 1. Karin Rumming, ed., foreword to /abstract.html (accessed January 19, Hannover Kronsberg Handbook: 2012). Planning and Realisation (Leipzig: Jütte Druck, 2004), 4. 3. Ibid. 2. Inge Schottkowski-Bahre, ed., Modell 4. Ibid., 2, http://www.vauban.de/info Kronsberg: Sustainable Building for the /abstract2.html. Future (Leipzig: Jütte Druck, 2000), 9. 5. Ibid., 1, http://www.vauban.de/info 3. Rumming, Hannover Kronsberg /abstract.html. Handbook, 47. 6. Ibid. 4. Ibid., 48. 7. Ibid. 5. Ibid., 50. 8. Elisabeth Rosenthal, “In German 6. Ibid., 53. Suburb, Life Goes On without Cars,” New York Times, May 11, 2009, http:// 7. Ibid. www.nytimes.com/2009/05/12 8. Ibid. /science/earth/12suburb.html 9. Ibid., 56. (accessed May 15, 2012). 10. Ibid., 23. 9. Hannes Linck, Quartier Vauban: 11. Ibid., 51. A Guided Tour (Freiburg: District 12. Ibid., 54. Association Vauban, 2009), 17. 13. Ibid., 120. 10. Ibid., 13. 14. Ibid. 11. Scheuerer, “Vauban District,” 4, http://www.vauban.de/info 15. Ibid. /abstract4.html. 16. Ibid., 122. 12. Ibid. 17. Ibid., 71. 13. Linck, Quartier Vauban, 19. 18. Ibid., 78. 14. Scheuerer, “Vauban District,” 4, 19. Ibid., 82. http://www.vauban.de/info 20. Ibid., 14. /abstract4.html. 21. Ibid., 15. 15. Linck, Quartier Vauban, 41, 43. 212 | Notes Chapter 6. Observations and has been publicized by Charles across Neighborhoods Waldheim in The Landscape Urbanism Reader (New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2006). 1. William J. Clinton Foundation and US Green Building Council, “Clinton 8. Cecily Maller et al., “Healthy Nature Climate Initiative to Demonstrate Healthy People: ‘Contact with Nature’ Model for Sustainable Urban Growth as an Upstream Health Promotion with Projects in Ten Countries on Six Intervention for Populations,” Health Continents,” press release, May 18, Promotions International 21, no. 1 2009. (March 2006): 45–54, http://heapro .oxfordjournals.org/content/21/1/45 2. Climate Positive Development .full.pdf+html (accessed August 8, Program, within the Sustainable 2012). Communities Initiative of the C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group. 9. Ibid., 51. 3. Interviews by author with Bo01 10. Ibid., 52. planner Eva Dahlman, December 11. Reported to the author by the Lund 2008, Malmö, Sweden, and City Planning Office, Lund, Sweden, Hammarby Sjöstad planner Malin May 2012. Olsson, March 2009, Stockholm, 12. Melanie Dodd, “Overview,” in Esther Sweden. Charlesworth and Rob Adams, eds., 4. Author’s calculation. The EcoEdge: Urgent Design Challenges 5. US Centers for Disease Control and in Building Sustainable Cities (New Prevention, “How Much Physical York: Routledge, 2011), 10. Activity Do You Need?,” http://www .cdc.gov/physicalactivity/everyone Chapter 7. A Road Map /guidelines/index.html (accessed July for the United States 5, 2012). and Beyond 6. Richard J. Jackson, Designing Healthy Communities (companion book to 1. Peter Muller, “Transportation and PBS series of the same title) (San Urban Growth: The Shaping of the Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2012). American Metropolis,” Focus 36, no. 2 (Summer 1986): 8–17, http://www 7. Although its antecedents go back to .web1.cnre.vt.edu/lsg/Intro/trans.htm a student’s thesis in 1994, “landscape (accessed July 20, 2012). urbanism” is generally recognized as having begun with James Corner 2. Patrick M. Condon, Seven Rules for (Field Operations) and others at the Sustainable Communities: Design University of Pennsylvania School of Strategies for the Post-Carbon World Design. It coalesced at a conference (Washington, DC: Island Press, 2010), sponsored by the Graham Foundation 17–22. in 1997 titled “Landscape Urbanism” 3. Ibid., 18, 19. Notes | 213 4. Muller, “Transportation and Urban 13. Robert T. Dunphy et al., Developing Growth.” around Transit: Strategies and 5. Ibid. Solutions That Work (Washington, DC: Urban Land Institute, 2004). 6. For a discussion, refer to “Shrinking 14. Reid Ewing and Robert Cervero, Cities,” Planetizen, http://www “Travel and the Built Environment,” .planetizen.com/taxonomy/term/697 Journal of the American Planning (accessed July 14, 2012). Association 76, no. 3 (May 2010): 7. Stewart Brand, How Buildings Learn: 265–94. What Happens after They’re Built 15. Robert Cervero and Erick Guerra, (New York: Viking Press, 1994). “Urban Densities and Transit: A Multi- 8. For example, see Hacienda Business dimensional Perspective,” Working Park, a planned unit development Paper UCB-ITS-VWP-2011-6 (Berkeley: at the Pleasanton, California, BART University of California, Institute of station. Transportation Studies, 2011), http:// 9. US Environmental Protection Agency, www.its.berkeley.edu/publications “Making Smart Growth Happen,” /UCB/2011/VWP/UCB-ITS-VWP-2011-6 http://www.epa.gov/dced .pdf. /sg_implementation.htm (accessed 16. Erick Guerra and Robert Cervero, November 16, 2012). “Cost of a Ride: The Effects of 10. American Public Transportation Densities on Fixed-Guideway Transit Association, 2011 Public Transportation Ridership and Costs,” Journal of the Fact Book, 62nd ed. (Washington, American Planning Association 77, no. DC: American Public Transportation 3 (Summer 2011): 267–90. Association, April 2011), 7, table 1, 17. Rob Adams, “Reprogramming Cities “Number of Public Transportation for Increased Populations and Climate