EAZA Mangabey Best Practice Guidelines Cercocebus spp., Lophocebus spp. and Rungwecebus spp. Old World Monkey Taxon Advisory Group Edited by Mª Teresa Abelló (Barcelona Zoo) Tjerk ter Meulen (GaiaZOO) Emile Filip Prins (GaiaZOO) First edition November 2018 EAZA Mangabey Best Practice Guidelines EAZA Old World Monkey Taxon Advisory Group Mangabey subgroup composed of: Tjerk ter Meulen EAZA Old World Monkey TAG Chair EEP Coordinator for the Golden-bellied mangabey, Cercocebus chrysogaster ESB keeper for the Black crested mangabey, Lophocebus aterrimus Mª Teresa Abelló EEP Coordinator for the White-naped mangabey, Cercocebus atys lunulatus ESB keeper for the Cherry-crowned mangabey, Cercocebus torquatus Veterinarian Advisor: Yedra Felter Editors Mª Teresa Abelló Tjerk ter Meulen Parc Zoològic de Barcelona GaiaZOO Parc de la Ciutadella, sn 08003 P.O. Box 68 Barcelona, Spain 6460AB Kerkrade, the Netherlands Tel. +34 932256580 Tel. +31(0)455676070 Parc Zoològic de Barcelona, SP GaiaZOO, Kerkrade, NL [email protected] [email protected] Emile Filip Prins GaiaZOO P.O. Box 68 6460AB Kerkrade, the Netherlands Tel. +31(0)455676070 GaiaZOO, Kerkrade, NL [email protected] Published by: Parc Zoològic de Barcelona, Spain & GaiaZOO, Kerkrade, the Netherlands. 2018. Recommended citation: Abelló, M.T., ter Meulen, T. and Prins, E.F. 2018, EAZA Mangabey Best Practice Guidelines. Parc Zoològic de Barcelona and GaiaZOO. Contributing authors Albert Jiménez Tomàs Universitat de Barcelona, Spain Amelia Griep Wageningen University & Research, the Netherlands Andrea Dempsey West African Primate Conservation Action, Ghana Andrea Payne ZSL London Zoo, United Kingdom Emile Filip Prins GaiaZOO Kerkrade, the Netherlands Eulalia Bohigas Parc Zoològic de Barcelona, Spain Francis Cabana Wildlife Reserves Singapore, Singapore Hugo Fernández Parc Zoològic de Barcelona, Spain Jean-Luc Berthier Ménagerie du Jardin des Plantes, Paris, France Malgorzata Arlet University of California Davis, USA Sian Waters Barbary Macaque Awareness & Conservation (BMAC), Morocco Sonia Sànchez Universitat de Barcelona, Spain Taide Perez Parc Zoològic de Barcelona, Spain Mª Teresa Abelló Parc Zoològic de Barcelona, Spain Tjerk ter Meulen GaiaZOO Kerkrade, the Netherlands Vanesa Almagro Parc Zoològic de Barcelona, Spain Yedra Feltrer ZSL London Zoo, United Kingdom EAZA Disclaimer Copyright © 2017 by EAZA Executive Office, Amsterdam. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in hard copy, machine-readable or other forms without advance written permission from the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria (EAZA). Members of the European Association of Zoos and Aquariums (EAZA) may copy this information for their own use as needed. The information contained in these guidelines has been obtained from numerous sources believed to be reliable. EAZA and the EAZA Old World Monkey TAG make a diligent effort to provide a complete and accurate representation of the data in its reports, publications, and services. However, EAZA does not guarantee the accuracy, adequacy, or completeness of any information. EAZA disclaims all liability for errors or omissions that may exist and shall not be liable for any incidental, consequential, or other damages (whether resulting from negligence or otherwise) including, without limitation, exemplary damages or lost profits arising out of or in connection with the use of this publication. Because the technical information provided in the Best Practice Guidelines can easily be misread or misinterpreted unless properly analyzed, EAZA strongly recommends that users of this information consult with the editors in all matters related to data analysis and interpretation. EAZA Preamble Right from the very beginning it has been the concern of EAZA and the EEPs to encourage and promote the highest possible standards for husbandry of zoo and aquarium animals. For this reason, quite early on, EAZA developed the “Minimum Standards for the Accommodation and Care of Animals in Zoos and Aquaria”. These standards lay down general principles of animal keeping, to which the members of EAZA feel themselves committed. Above and beyond this, some countries have defined regulatory minimum standards for the keeping of individual species regarding the size and furnishings of enclosures etc., which, according to the opinion of authors, should definitely be fulfilled before allowing such animals to be kept within the area of the jurisdiction of those countries. These minimum standards are intended to determine the borderline of acceptable animal welfare. It is not permitted to fall short of these standards. How difficult it is to determine the standards, however, can be seen in the fact that minimum standards vary from country to country. Above and beyond this, specialists of the EEPs and TAGs have undertaken the considerable task of laying down guidelines for keeping individual animal species. Whilst some aspects of husbandry reported in the guidelines will define minimum standards, in general, these guidelines are not to be understood as minimum requirements; they represent best practice. As such the EAZA Best Practice Guidelines for keeping animals intend rather to describe the desirable design of enclosures and prerequisites for animal keeping that are, according to the present state of knowledge, considered as being optimal for each species. They intend above all to indicate how enclosures should be designed and what conditions should be fulfilled for the optimal care of individual species. Preface It has been 15 years since the first Husbandry Guidelines have been published for mangabeys. This is the first edition of the Best Practice Guidelines for mangabeys based on the experience and invaluable contribution of 24 institutions keeping the following species: Agile mangabey (Cercocebus agilis agilis), Golden-bellied mangabey (Cercocebus chrysogaster), Sooty mangabey (Cercocebus atys), White-crowned mangabey (Cercocebus lunulatus), Red-capped mangabey (Cercocebus torquatus), Grey-cheeked mangabey (Lophocebus albigena albigena) and Black crested mangabey (Lophocebus aterrimus). We hope you will find these Best Practice Guidelines appealing and easy to read. All the efforts are needed to support mangabey populations in zoos and in the wild; a critical situation for both areas. As was the case with the Husbandry Guidelines, we need to mention that these Best Practice Guidelines are by no means definitive. We hope that through research our knowledge on mangabey care will advance so we can provide the most updated information in future editions. Mangabeys are easier to be kept in actual bigger and naturalized enclosures, and in many cases they can be mixed with other species, enriching the facilities and animal’s life. So we hope that more European zoos will engage in the mangabey preservation task by showing this attractive species to the public. Acknowledgements We would especially like to thank Albert Jiménez, Biologist from the University of Barcelona, who worked so hard in preparing this resulting document with a summary of mangabey genera for these guidelines and introducing all the updated data gathered during the revision process. We also want to thank those involved in the previous edition, namely: Jean Luc Berthier, Sian Waters and Malgorzata Arlet as with them we initiated the compilation on mangabey information also here included. Last but not least, thank you to Katharina Herrmann who encouraged us to edit the Best Practice Guidelines reviewing and amending the text. Executive Summary The current document details knowledge regarding the biology, management and keeping of the polyphyletic group of mangabeys (Cercocebus spp., Lophocebus spp. and Rungwecebus spp.) from the field and within zoos. As will become clear, per species there is information lacking regarding many aspects of their biology and ecology. Hence, the document is set up in such a way that, where appropriate, information can be interpreted from other mangabey species. Section 1: Biology and Field data This section covers an extensive overview of current knowledge regarding the taxonomic classification, morphology, natural distribution, conservation status, nutrition, behaviour and more of all the relevant species and subspecies. Section 2: Management in Zoos and Aquariums This section details Best Practice of management and keeping of mangabey species in zoos. Including topics on enclosure design, specifically focussed on appropriate barriers and enclosure complexity. Furthermore it includes information on optimal feeding practices, use of enrichment, social management and veterinary practices. Throughout are examples of current practice presented. Here it should be emphasized that these guidelines should be seen as a living document as knowledge will only increase through experience and research. Table of Contents Section 1: Biology and field data ............................................................................................................................... 10 1.1 Taxonomy .............................................................................................................................................................. 10 1.2 Morphology ........................................................................................................................................................... 12 1.3 Physiology .............................................................................................................................................................