Land Resources and socio-economic report of Bonga, Boginda, Mankira and the surrounding areas in Kaffa zone, SNNPRS, Ethiopia Prepared by Tezera Chernet Submitted to PPP project July 2008 Addis Ababa Report on the land resources of Bonga, Boginda and Mankira areas Table of Content Page ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS USED.................................................................................................. V I. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................1 1.1 BACKGROUND ..............................................................................................................................................3 1.2 OBJECTIVE ...................................................................................................................................................3 1.3 DATA SOURCES ............................................................................................................................................4 1.4 THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT .........................................................................................................................4 1.4.1 Climate............................................................................................................................................. 4 1.4.2 Topography and Soil ......................................................................................................................... 6 1.4.3 Drainage.......................................................................................................................................... 8 II. METHODOLOGY.......................................................................................................................................8 2.1 LAND USE AND LAND COVER DESCRIPTION.....................................................................................................8 2.1.1 Pre-field work................................................................................................................................ 8 2.1.2 Field work ...................................................................................................................................... 8 2.1.3 Post-field work .............................................................................................................................. 9 2.2 SOCIO-ECONOMICS .......................................................................................................................................9 PART I: .......................................................................................................................................................10 III. LAND USE AND LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION ..........................................................................11 3. 1 THE IDENTIFIED LAND UNITS ......................................................................................................................11 3. 2 DESCRIPTION OF THE LAND UNITS...............................................................................................................13 PART II.......................................................................................................................................................18 IV. SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS.............................................................................................19 4.1 DEMOGRAPHY ...........................................................................................................................................19 4.2 SOCIAL ORGANIZATION ..............................................................................................................................22 4.2.1 History .......................................................................................................................................... 22 4.2.2 Marriage ..................................................................................................................................... 22 EWNHS 2 Report on the land resources of Bonga, Boginda and Mankira areas 4.2.3 Ethnic composition.................................................................................................................... 23 4.2.4 Religion........................................................................................................................................ 24 4.2.5 Language ................................................................................................................................... 24 4.2.6 Social group ............................................................................................................................... 25 4.3 SOCIAL SERVICES .......................................................................................................................................25 4.3.1 Health.......................................................................................................................................... 25 4.3.2 Education ................................................................................................................................... 26 4.3.3 Communication ........................................................................................................................ 27 4.3.3.1 Transport network ...............................................................................................................................27 4.3.3.2 Telecommunication and Postal services.........................................................................................28 4.3.4 Settlements................................................................................................................................. 29 4.3.5 Utilities.......................................................................................................................................... 30 4.3.5.1 Drinking water .....................................................................................................................................30 4.3.5.2 Energy ..................................................................................................................................................31 4.3.6 Tourism......................................................................................................................................... 31 4.4 INCOME AND EXPENDITURE..........................................................................................................................33 V. AGRICULTURE ........................................................................................................................................34 5.1 CROP ........................................................................................................................................................34 5.2 LIVESTOCK..................................................................................................................................................34 5.3 AGRICULTURAL SUPPORTING SERVICES .........................................................................................................35 5.4 AGRICULTURAL INVESTMENT ACTIVITIES .........................................................................................................35 VI. LAND TENURE........................................................................................................................................36 6.1 LAND TENURE – THE PAST AND PRESENT.........................................................................................................36 6.2 THE LANDLESS .............................................................................................................................................38 6.3 CONFLICT AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION ........................................................................................................39 6.3 FOREST TENURE ...........................................................................................................................................40 VII. INSTITUTIONS........................................................................................................................................44 7.1 ADMINISTRATIVE GOVERNMENT...................................................................................................................44 7.2 NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS .....................................................................................................45 7.3 COMMUNITY BASED INSTITUTIONS .................................................................................................................45 7.4 RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS...............................................................................................................................46 VIII. TRENDS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: .................................................................................................47 8.1 TRENDS ......................................................................................................................................................47 EWNHS ii Report on the land resources of Bonga, Boginda and Mankira areas 8.2 RECOMMENDATIONS ..................................................................................................................................47 IX. REFERENCES: .........................................................................................................................................49 List of Tables Table 1: The identified land cover types......................................................................................