FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT AND COMMERCE Department of Development Studies The role of community participation in municipal solid waste management: The case of Likasi municipality in the Democratic Republic of Congo BY Joelle Mujinga Kabwiza (Student N⁰: 201614302) A Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Commerce in Development Studies Supervisor: Prof P.B Monyai Republic of South Africa CONTENTS CONTENTS ................................................................................................................................. i ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................ iii DECLARATION ......................................................................................................................... iv DEDICATION .............................................................................................................................. v ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................................................. 6 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 7 1.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 7 1.2 Problem Statement .............................................................................................................10 1.3 Research questions ............................................................................................................12 1.4 Objectives of the Study .......................................................................................................12 1.5 Significance of the Study .....................................................................................................13 1.6 Delimitation of the Study .....................................................................................................14 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW ......................................................................................16 2.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................16 2.2 Concepts used in the study ................................................................................................16 2.2.1 Waste ......................................................................................................................16 2.2.2 Municipal waste .......................................................................................................17 2.2.3 Solid waste ..............................................................................................................18 2.2.4 Solid waste management ........................................................................................18 2.2.5 Community participation ..........................................................................................20 2.2.5.1 Community and community participation ..............................................................20 2.2.5.2 The role of community ............................................................................................21 2.2.5.3 Types of community participation .........................................................................21 2.3. Conceptual framework .......................................................................................................23 2.3.1 Participatory development theory ............................................................................23 2.4 Environmental education theory .........................................................................................29 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................32 i 3.1 Study Area .........................................................................................................................32 3.1.1 City physiognomy ....................................................................................................32 3.1.2 Economic situation of the city of Likasi .........................................................................33 3.1.3 Some specificities and problems of the city .............................................................34 3.1.4 Legal framework that informs waste management in the DRC in general and Likasi in particular ...............................................................................................................................35 3.2 Main services offered by the Likasi municipality .................................................................37 3.2.1 Administrative plan .......................................................................................................37 3.2.2 Organic structure and functioning of the city of Likasi ..............................................38 3.3 Research Methodology .....................................................................................................41 3.3.1 Population and sample ............................................................................................42 3.3.2 Data collection .........................................................................................................43 3.3.3 Data analysis ...........................................................................................................44 3.3.4 Ethical considerations ...................................................................................................44 3.3.5 Biographical and occupational information of correspondents ......................................45 CHAPTER 4: RESEARCH FINDINGS ......................................................................................50 4.1 Introduction .........................................................................................................................50 4.2 Interpretation of results........................................................................................................50 CHAPTER 5: ANALYSIS ..........................................................................................................74 5.1 Introduction .........................................................................................................................74 5.2 Analysis ..............................................................................................................................74 5.3 Recommendations ..............................................................................................................92 5.4 Conclusion .........................................................................................................................93 REFERENCES .........................................................................................................................96 APPENDIX 1: ETHICS CLEARANCE CERTIFICATE ............................................................. 112 ii ABSTRACT The way in which the local government delivers services is frequently not in line with the people's expectations as a result of changes caused by technological advancement, resources availability and emerging challenges—arising either internally or externally. The purpose of local administration and governance is to guarantee efficient and effective delivery of service according to the constitution and norms to the people at the grassroots. The government at the local level is very close to the needs of the people. This study is interested in "the role of community participation in solid waste management in Likasi municipality in Katanga DRC ". Likasi seems to have a problem with solid waste management, particularly the collection of waste from households, with the main concern being the lack of community participation in solid waste management. The major objective of this research was to assess the role of community participation in solid waste and the challenges of solid waste management of Likasi municipality. The major challenges that the municipality faces in terms of providing solid waste management is, insufficient resources; including personnel (workers), finances and materials. The community’s attitude to the problem is also a challenge. This study used a critical paradigm which adopted qualitative and quantitative methods to design the research and the data collection which used different survey methods. The collected data was analysed using a statistical software package for social sciences, and a total of 68 households, 2 leading municipal officials and 2 leaders of NGOs were randomly selected for the study. The secondary sources for this study were books and journals. The researcher tried to clarify, in the chapters and sections that make up the framework of this study, whether community participation is key to solid waste management for sustainable development and environmental goals, and if the community of the municipality of Likasi participates in solid waste management. This study is also intended to help the public to understand why their participation in service delivery is necessary for the development of their locality, and to help the community to discover their roles and rights and know how to claim them. Finally, the study recommends community participation in the framework for solid waste management SWM, collaboration between solid waste workers and the community for good collaboration between them in