28/11/2019 Arracacia xanthorrhiza (arracacha) () Invasive Species Compendium Detailed coverage of invasive species threatening livelihoods and the environment worldwide Filter by type Search Datasheet Additional resources (datasheet/additionalresources/6973? scientificName=Arracacia%20xanthorrhiza) Arracacia xanthorrhiza (arracacha) Toolbox Horizon Scanning Tool (https://www.cabi.org/HorizonScanningTool) Mobile Apps (https://play.google.com/store/apps/dev?id=8227528954463674373&hl=en_GB) Country Pest Alerts (https://www.plantwise.org/KnowledgeBank/pestalert/signup) Datasheet Arracacia xanthorrhiza (arracacha) Index Identity (datasheet/6973#toidentity) Summary of Invasiveness (datasheet/6973#tosummaryOfInvasiveness) Taxonomic Tree (datasheet/6973#totaxonomicTree) Notes on Taxonomy and Nomenclature (datasheet/6973#tonotesOnTaxonomyAndNomenclature) Description (datasheet/6973#todescription) https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/6973 1/21 28/11/2019 Arracacia xanthorrhiza (arracacha) Plant Type (datasheet/6973#toplantType) Distribution (datasheet/6973#todistribution) Distribution Table (datasheet/6973#todistributionTable) History of Introduction and Spread (datasheet/6973#tohistoryOfIntroductionAndSpread) Introductions (datasheet/6973#tointroductions) Risk of Introduction (datasheet/6973#toriskOfIntroduction) Habitat (datasheet/6973#tohabitat) Habitat List (datasheet/6973#toenvironments) Biology and Ecology (datasheet/6973#tobiologyAndEcology) Climate (datasheet/6973#toclimate) Latitude/Altitude Ranges (datasheet/6973#tolatitudeAndAltitudeRanges) Air Temperature (datasheet/6973#toairTemperature) Rainfall (datasheet/6973#torainfall) Rainfall Regime (datasheet/6973#torainfallRegime) Soil Tolerances (datasheet/6973#tosoilTolerances) Notes on Natural Enemies (datasheet/6973#tonotesOnNaturalEnemies) Means of Movement and Dispersal (datasheet/6973#tomeansOfMovementAndDispersal) Pathway Causes (datasheet/6973#topathwayCauses) Pathway Vectors (datasheet/6973#topathwayVectors) Risk and Impact Factors (datasheet/6973#toriskAndImpactFactors) Uses (datasheet/6973#touses) Uses List (datasheet/6973#tousesList) Similarities to Other Species/Conditions (datasheet/6973#tosimilaritiesToOtherSpeciesOrConditions) Prevention and Control (datasheet/6973#topreventionAndControl) Gaps in Knowledge/Research Needs (datasheet/6973#togapsInKnowledgeOrResearchNeeds) References (datasheet/6973#toreferences) Links to Websites (datasheet/6973#tolinksToWebsites) Contributors (datasheet/6973#tocontributors) Distribution Maps (datasheet/6973#toDistributionMaps) Summary Last modified There are no pictures available for this datasheet 25 November 2019 If you can supply pictures for this datasheet please contact: Datasheet Type(s) Compendia CAB International Documented Species Wallingford Host Plant Oxfordshire OX10 8DE UK Preferred Scientific Name [email protected] (mailto:[email protected]) Arracacia xanthorrhiza Preferred Common Name arracacha Taxonomic Tree Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Plantae Phylum: Spermatophyta Subphylum: Angiospermae Class: Dicotyledonae (datasheet/6973#toDistributionMaps) More information Summary of Invasiveness (datasheet/6973#toDistributionMaps) A. xanthorriza is a biennial to perennial herb, which is mainly reported from cultivation or as https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/6973 2/21 28/11/2019 Arracacia xanthorrhiza (arracacha) persistent in old fields and nearby areas. It is mostly confined to South American Andean regions and is a major c... More... (datasheet/6973#tosummaryOfInvasiveness) Don't need the entire report? Generate a print friendly version containing only the sections you need. Generate report (datasheetreport/6973) Identity Top of page Preferred Scientific Name Arracacia xanthorrhiza Bancr. Preferred Common Name arracacha Other Scientific Names Arracacha esculenta DC. Arracacia andina Britton Arracacia esculenta D.C. Bancroftia decipiens R.K.Porter Bancroftia xanthorrhiza (Bancr.) Billb. Conium arracacha Hook. International Common Names English: peruvian carrot; Peruvian-carrot; Peruvian-parsnip; white-carrot; yellow cassava Spanish: apio criollo; arracacha; arracha (Bolivia); racacha (Bolivia); virraca (Bolivia) French: panéme; pomme de terre céleri Chinese: yalai jia li ya German: Arrakatascha Local Common Names Bolivia: lacachu Brazil: batata baroa; batata-aipo; batata-cenoura; batata-fiusa; batata-fiúza; batata-jujuba; batata-suiça; batata- tupinambá; cenoura-amarela; mandioquinha; mandioquinha-salsa; pastinaca Chile: lacache Colombia: arocueche; guaud; huahué; pacucarrá; sacarracacha; yengó; zanahoria Cuba: afió Dominican Republic: afió; apio; paneme Ecuador: apio criollo; zanahoria; zanahoria blanca Peru: arrecate; huiasampilla; lacache; oqqe; racacha; ricacha; virraca; zanahoria blanca; zanahoria del país; zanahoria morada Puerto Rico: apio; apio tuberoso Venezuela: apio; apio criollo; aricachi; arrecare; kiu-titsí EPPO code ABAXA (Arracacia xanthorrhiza) https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/6973 3/21 28/11/2019 Arracacia xanthorrhiza (arracacha) Summary of Invasiveness Top of page A. xanthorriza is a biennial to perennial herb, which is mainly reported from cultivation or as persistent in old fields and nearby areas. It is mostly confined to South American Andean regions and is a major commercial crop in Brazil. It is used by an estimated 30 million people in the Andes and 30 million people elsewhere, mainly in Brazil (Heywood, 2014 (datasheet\6973#14b8f8c7-e030-4e3b-8b78-471622ac672d)). It is not considered as an invasive species and wild populations are scarce (Hermann, 1997 (datasheet\6973#955d21aa-b842-4a78-b595-ea45368f316d)). Outside of South America, it is reported as commercially cultivated in Puerto Rico and Costa Rica (Hodge, 1954 (datasheet\6973#01768968-0651-4bfe-b26b-39068e5c7a1f)). It is not reported as an invasive species in any of the places where is cultivated. It is listed as a species that has naturalised in Cuba with the tendency to spread in some localities (Oviedo Prieto et al., 2012 (datasheet\6973#1af4ad79-dfe5-4198-8244-dd2a19ee446f)). Its introduction has been unsuccessful in some countries due to its photoperiod and temperature requirements, long growing cycle, its susceptibility to pests and diseases and the short shelf life of the roots (FAO, 2016 (datasheet\6973#aa499c76-3590-47d5-a4a0-77a181a5908f)). Taxonomic Tree Top of page Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Plantae Phylum: Spermatophyta Subphylum: Angiospermae Class: Dicotyledonae Order: Apiales Family: Apiaceae Genus: Arracacia Species: Arracacia xanthorrhiza Notes on Taxonomy and Nomenclature Top of page The Apiaceae, the family of the celery and the carrot, has about 300 genera and 2500–3000 species (Hermann, 1997 (datasheet\6973#955d21aa-b842-4a78-b595-ea45368f316d); International Potato Center, 2016 (datasheet\6973#fd1f6277- f702-44f3-9668-1e928db6fb78)). Arracacia is a genus of about 30 species, extending from Mexico and Central America to South America, with A. xanthorrhiza being the only cultivated species (Hermann, 1997 (datasheet\6973#955d21aa-b842-4a78- b595-ea45368f316d)). Some of its common names, like racacha, virraca, lacache and arrecate have Andean origins (Kays and Dias, 1995 (datasheet\6973#b6f9c670-3859-4d35-af9b-88fc9b7e3cd3); Hermann, 1997 (datasheet\6973#955d21aa-b842- 4a78-b595-ea45368f316d)). Although the type for the species is from Jamaica; it is from a cultivated specimen, annotated to be of South American origin (Missouri Botanical Garden, 2016 (datasheet\6973#0354f9ec-3bd9-410e-85c7-30a0cd3550db)). The specific epithet xanthorrhiza comes from the Greek, meaning ‘yellow-rooted’, which refers to the yellowish varieties that are preferred in some countries (Hermann, 1997 (datasheet\6973#955d21aa-b842-4a78-b595-ea45368f316d)). Some of the Arracacia species are regarded as not properly delimited, mainly due to the lack of appropriate herbarium material, some without reproductive structures or being at immature stages (Hermann, 1997 (datasheet\6973#955d21aa- b842-4a78-b595-ea45368f316d)). https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/6973 4/21 28/11/2019 Arracacia xanthorrhiza (arracacha) Description Top of page The following description is from Hermann (1997) (datasheet\6973#955d21aa-b842-4a78-b595-ea45368f316d): Plants stout, caulescent, 0.5–l.2 m tall, minutely squamulose and scaberulous, from a greatly swollen taproot. Leaves broadly ovate, l–3 cm long and broad, biternate or bipinnate, the leaflets ovate-lanceolate to ovate, 4–12 cm long, 1.5–6.5 cm broad, acuminate, mucronate-serrate and coarsely incised or lobed, squamulose or scaberulous. Petioles 8–45 cm long. Cauline leaves with narrow sheaths. Inflorescence a compound umbel; involucre lacking; rays 5–15, spreading-ascending, 1.5–4 cm long, scaberulous; involucel of 5–8 setaceous, entire bractlets 2–5 mm long. Pedicels 2–4 mm long; petals purple or greenish, oval; styles slender, the stylopodium depressed; carpophore 2–parted; fruit oblong, 10 mm long, 2–3 mm broad, constricted below apex, the ribs prominent, acute; vittae solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure. Plant Type Top of page Biennial Broadleaved Herbaceous Perennial Vegetatively propagated Distribution Top of page A. xanthorrhiza is a biannual to perennial herb native to the Andes in South America, and has been cultivated for thousands of years (Heywood, 2014 (datasheet\6973#14b8f8c7-e030-4e3b-8b78-471622ac672d)). Wild populations are rare (Hermann, 1997 (datasheet\6973#955d21aa-b842-4a78-b595-ea45368f316d)). It is mostly cultivated on a large scale in Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, and Brazil