ROMANIA Reimbursable Advisory Services Agreement on the Bucharest Urban Development Program (P169577) COMPONENT 1. ELABORATION OF BUCHAREST’S IUDS, CAPITAL INVESTMENT PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT Output 3. Urban context and identification of key local issues and needs, and visions and objectives of IUDS and Identification of a long list of projects. A. Rapid assessment of the current situation Section 4. Mobility and Transport March 2021 DISCLAIMER This report is a product of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/the World Bank. The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed in this paper do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. This report does not necessarily represent the position of the European Union or the Romanian Government. COPYRIGHT STATEMENT The material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable laws. For permission to photocopy or reprint any part of this work, please send a request with the complete information to either: (i) the Municipality of Bucharest (47 Regina Elisabeta Blvd., Bucharest, Romania); or (ii) the World Bank Group Romania (Vasile Lascăr Street 31, FL. 6, Sector 2, Bucharest, Romania). This report was delivered in March 20221 under the Reimbursable Advisory Services Agreement on the Bucharest Urban Development Program, concluded between the Municipality of Bucharest and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development on March 4, 2019. It is part of Output 3 under the above-mentioned agreement – Urban context and identification of key local issues and needs, and visions and objectives of IUDS and Identification of a long list of projects – under Component 1, which refers to the elaboration of Bucharest’s Integrated Urban Development Strategy, Capital Investment Planning and Management. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report has been delivered under the provisions of the Reimbursable Advisory Services Agreement on the Bucharest Urban Development Program and has been prepared under the guidance and supervision of Christoph Pusch (Practice Manager, Social, Urban, Rural and Resilience for Europe and Central Asia) and Tatiana Proskuryakova (Country Manager, Romania and Hungary). The report has been prepared by a team under the coordination of Dean Cira (Lead Urban Specialist) and composed of Reinhold Stadler (Senior Urban transport Specialist), Ioana Ivanov (Senior Urban Development Specialist), Daiana Ghintuiala (Urban Development Specialist), Amelia Pîrvu (Analyst), Marius Cristea (Senior Urban Development Specialist), Sorina Racoviceanu (Lead Urban Development Specialist), Andreea China (Senior Urban Development Specialist), Marcel Ionescu-Heroiu (Senior Urban Development Specialist), Carli Venter (Senior Urban Development Specialist), Oana Franț (Operations Specialist), Bianca Butacu (Analyst), Adina Vințan (Operations Specialist), Ioana Irimia (Communications Specialist) and George Moldoveanu (Information Assistant). The team would like to express its gratitude for the excellent cooperation, guidance, and timely feedback provided by the representatives of the Municipality of Bucharest, especially Mr. Nicușor Dan, Mr. Sorin Chiriță, Mr. Cătălin Zoican, Ms. Adriana Duțu, Ms. Luminița Glodea, and by the many other local and regional partners that have contributed to the elaboration of this report. iii ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS AIHC Henri Coandă International Airport ALU Active Local Units ANAF National Agency for Fiscal Administration. AROPE A composite indicator adopted at European Union level BPO Business Processes Outsourcing CBD Central Business District CFR Romanian Railways CLLD Community-led local development CMMTB Bucharest Traffic Management Municipal Enterprise COR Romanian Classification of Occupations DGASMB Bucharest General Directorate for Social Assistance DGASPC and the Bucharest General Directorate for Social Assistance DGASPC General Directorates for Social Assistance and Child Protection EU European Union EUROSTAT Statistical office of the European Union. FDI Foreign Direct Investment FUA Functional Urban Area GDP Gross Domestic product GVA gross value added HORECA Hotel/Restaurant/Catering ICT Information Communication and Technology IT Information Technology IT&C Information Technology and Communication IUDP Integrated Urban Development Plan IUDS Integrated Sustainable Urban Development Strategy JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency LAG Local Action Group MPWDA Ministry of Public Works, Development and Administration MRDPA Ministry of Regional Development and Public Administration NACE Nomenclature Statistique des Activités Économiques dans la Communauté Européenne NBR National Bank of Romania NGO Non-Governmental Organization NIS National Institute of Statistics NTRO National Trade Register Office NUTS The common classification of territorial units for statistics PHC Primary Health Care PUG General Urban Plan RDI Research, Development, Innovation ROP Regional Operational Programme SCB Strategic Concept Bucharest SME small medium enterprises SUMP Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan UMA Urban Marginalized Areas UN United Nations UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund VAT Value Added Tax iv TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. STRATEGIC CONTEXT ............................................................................................................................... 1 2. LAND USE AND DEMAND FOR TRANSPORT ........................................................................................... 10 3. ACCESSIBILITY BY ROAD ........................................................................................................................ 15 4. ACCESSIBILITY BY RAIL ........................................................................................................................... 23 5. ACCESSIBILITY BY AIR ............................................................................................................................ 29 6. PUBLIC TRANSPORT ............................................................................................................................... 35 6.1 Reliability ........................................................................................................................................................ 36 6.2 Availability ...................................................................................................................................................... 37 6.3 Efficiency ......................................................................................................................................................... 45 6.4 Integration ...................................................................................................................................................... 51 6.5 Comfort ........................................................................................................................................................... 53 6.6 Cost ................................................................................................................................................................. 54 6.7 Taxi and ridesharing services .......................................................................................................................... 56 7. ENVIRONMENTALLY-FRIENDLY TRANSPORT .......................................................................................... 62 7.1 Electromobility................................................................................................................................................ 64 7.2 Pedestrian traffic ............................................................................................................................................ 67 7.3 Cycling infrastructure ..................................................................................................................................... 73 8. TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT ........................................................................................................................ 79 8.1 Parking ............................................................................................................................................................ 79 8.2. Traffic management system .......................................................................................................................... 91 8.3 Traffic safety ................................................................................................................................................... 93 9. INTERMODAL AND MULTIMODAL TRANSPORT ..................................................................................... 96 9.1. Means of transport integration ..................................................................................................................... 96 9.2 Network of intermodal nodes and points....................................................................................................... 97 9.3 Micromobility ............................................................................................................................................... 100 9.4 Car sharing / ride sharing / car pooling services ........................................................................................... 102 10. CONCLUSIONS