Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-01428-2 — Warfare in the Roman World A. D. Lee Index More Information Index Page numbers in italics indicate figures. Abinnaeus, archive of, , , Aphrodisias, – Actium, battle of, , Appian, , administration, – Arabs Adrianople, battle of, , , , – as allies, adventus, enslavement of Malchus by, Africa Islamic conquests, , , n economic importance, – Arausio, battle of, , mutinies in, – Arbogast, , nomadic raiders, Arcadius, , recruitment in, – Arch of Constantine, , soldiers’‘wives’, archaeological evidence, worship of local deities, for impact of Gothic War, see also Bu Njem; Egypt; Numidia; Vandals for military diet, – age of soldiers, n, Neupotz plunder finds, – aggression and bloodshed in Roman culture, for Republican land-holding patterns, Agrippina the Elder, alae, , for sacking of cities, – Alaric the Goth, , for women and children in military bases, Alesia, siege of, , , Allectus, archers, , , –, Allia, battle of the, – Syrian auxiliaries’ religious practices, allies Arian heterodoxy, , , foederati, Armenia Italian (socii), –, n, – armies of Justinian, Altar of Domitius Ahenobarbus, campaign of Paetus, Amida, siege of, , , – campaign of Severianus, Ammianus Marcellinus, , , , , , as recruiting ground, Anastasius (emperor), , , , , n troops under Tigranes, Anatolia armour defeat of Antiochus III, cross-cultural influences, , Gothic raids on, evidence about, , , military-civilian relations, – self-provision, recruitment from, –, Asia (province), , see also Asia; Isauria assidui, –, andreia see courage Athens, capture by Sulla, , n Antiochus III, , Attila, Antiochus IV, auctoritas, – Antony, Mark, , , , n Augsburg, battle of Forum Gallorum, – Augustine of Hippo, , © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-01428-2 — Warfare in the Roman World A. D. Lee Index More Information Index Augustus (Octavian before BC), –, Britain battle of Philippi, , cavalry troops in, , and concept of peace, – conquest of, military funding, food supplies, and military identity, – meat consumption, and military record-keeping, rebellion in, military reorganisation, , , , religion of troops in, , oaths of loyalty to, Brunt, Peter, , opponents’ defeated legions, Brutus, Decimus, and Parthians, Bu Njem, , , , , recruitment of non-citizens, bucellarii, reduction of mutinies, Byzantine Empire, rejection of commilito persona, and religious calendar, – Caesar, C. Julius, , n and restriction of triumphs, –, civil war tactics, siege of Perusia, and cult of Victoria, supplicationes, Gallic campaigns, , and Varian disaster, , invasion of Italy, , and victory ideology, , military writings, –, n, war against Antony, –, n mutinies against, n, Aurelian, , ’othering’ of troops of, n auxilia, –, , , and Parthian threat, – discharge diplomas, , , , personal involvement in fighting, – recruitment to, recruitment of non-citizens, auxilia externa, –, supplicationes, Avars, , –, see also Pharsalus, battle of avoidance of service, – Callinicum, battle of, , – by self-mutilation, campaign armies, size of, awards for courage (dona militaria), campaigning season, – camps and forts allied units within, Bar Kokhba revolt, bath-houses, – ‘barbarisation’, –, establishment of permanent bases, , bathing, – non-combatant presence, –, , battle posting of laws, – ancient accounts of, – record-keeping, – combat behaviour and morale, – shrine for standards, , n tactics and mechanics, – see also Dura-Europos unpredictability and confusion, – Campus Martius, , battlefield archaeology, Cannae, battle of, , battles see name of location, e.g. Pydna, battle of and introduction of volones, Belisarius treatment of survivors, action against Hun raiders, troop numbers, blame for Callinicum, capital punishment, booty acquired, capite censi, n identification with troops, Caracalla, , Justinian’s public recognition of, Carrhae, battle of, , Procopius and, return of standards, , restoration to favour, – Cartagena, siege of see New Carthage, siege of at siege of Rome, Carthage, –, Beth-horon, battle of, see also Hannibalic (Second Punic) War; Punic billeting, – Wars booty, , –, , , Cassius Dio spolia opima, on Pharsalus, Boudicca, , on second battle of Cremona, n © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-01428-2 — Warfare in the Roman World A. D. Lee Index More Information Index casualty rates, – Civilis, Gaius Julius, , n Catiline, uprising of, Clastidium, battle of, Cato the Elder, , , Claudius (emperor), Caudine Forks, Roman surrender at, Claudius Pulcher, Publius, cavalry, , –, , cohorts, , mounted archers, , , –, coinage, , –, , Celts, collegia, military, censors, – Column of Marcus Aurelius, –, census, , n, Column of Theodosius I, , centuriate assembly, , –, Column of Trajan, – rank and military service, – comitatus, – chaos theory, Commodus, , children conquisitores, , – in besieged cities, conscription evidence of in camps, Republican dilectus, – inheritance rights from soldiers, – Principate, recruitment of soldiers’ sons, Late Antiquity, – treatment as prisoners, Constantine I, – violent play, Arch of, , Christianity bravery of, – Arian heterodoxy, , , dynastic claims, in army before Constantine, – military/civilian distinction, in army from Constantine on, – personal risk in battle, attitudes to war and peace, , and religion, , , celebration of victories, – Constantinople divine favour in battle, – Column of Theodosius I, , explanations of defeat, – Justinian’s victory celebrations, – military oath, mutiny of , symbolism on military equipment, , Nika riot, Cicero Persian threat to, as commander, shift of imperial power to, – correspondence with Galba, Constantius II on generalship, – battle of Mursa, –, on war and money, management of supplies, n citizenship redeployment of troops, n, , Edict of Caracalla, –, resettlement of prisoners, extension to Italian allies, , – victory memorials, extension to provincials, , war with Persians, , and military service, –, –, –, consulship, and Roman identity, contarii, civil war contubernales, , battle of Forum Gallorum, – Cornelianus, L. Attidius, , battle of Pharsalus, , , Cornell, Tim, celebration of victory, courage, – chronology of outbreaks, , –, , in generalship, – and concentration of power, Crassus, M. Licinius, , , consequences of, –, –, Cremona, second battle of, , , divine signs in, – Cynoscephalae, battle of, , fate of defeated troops, – incitement of mutiny, n Dacia/Dacians justification and legitimation of, , – booty from, Republican manpower demands, –, – defeat of Oppius Sabinus, siege of Valencia, – Domitian’s peace terms with, vs. mutiny, , n, n economic significance, written propaganda, loss of province, © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-01428-2 — Warfare in the Roman World A. D. Lee Index More Information Index redeployment of Vitellian troops against, Egypt billeting in Oxyrhynchus, religion among Roman troops in, documentary evidence, Roman conquest of, , , importance to empire, Danube frontier integration of army in society, second century, Jewish revolt, third century, limits of documentary evidence, fourth century, local recruitment, fifth century, loss to Islamic forces, , , n sixth century, petitions to soldiers, – mutiny of , , – prostitution in forts, supplies of food, Ptolemaic army, see also Dacia/Dacians Roman conquest of, death see epitaphs; funerary practices emperors decimation, , n and auctoritas, Decius, , as military commanders, , defeat, – and virtus, –, Deiotarus of Galatia, see also names of individual emperors Dentatus, L. Siccius, , epitaphs, n, –, , n, desertion, equestrian order, , Dexippus, diet, – farmer-soldier ideal, – siege shortages, – felicitas (good fortune), war-induced famine, Feriale Duranum, , –, , dilectus, – fetial law, Diocletian financial benefits of war, – ‘Great Persecution’, – financial costs of war see military financing military/civilian distinction, Flaminius, Gaius, – service requirement for sons of soldiers, foederati, taxation under, forts/fortresses see camps and forts; Tetrarchy, Dura-Europos, see camps and forts victory over Persians, , Forum Gallorum, battle of, –, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Franks diplomas, , , , conflict with, – discharge benefits, , , high-level cultural integration, – discipline and obedience, – funerary practices, –, –, individual heroism, – mixed military/civilian cemeteries, punishments, , documentary sources, –, – Gainas (Gothic leader), evidence for literacy levels, – Galba, Servius Sulpicius, – see also inscriptions Gallienus, Domitian, –, Gaul/Gauls Domitius Ahenobarbus, Altar of, battle of Clastidium, dona militaria, – Caesar’s Gallic war, , donatives, see also Alesia, siege of drill, conflicts in Late Antiquity, Dura-Europos meat consumption, archaeological evidence, n, n revolt of Civilis, and army as ‘total institution’, sack of Rome ( BC), – Christianity at, wine production, documentary evidence, , generals Feriale Duranum, , –, , and divine favour, – ideal qualities of, – Eckstein, Arthur, – identification with soldiers, – Edessa, –, pre-battle speeches, – © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-01428-2 — Warfare