GEF Project: Novel forms of livestock and wildlife integration adjacent to protected areas in Africa GCP/URT/124/WBG Socio Economic Baseline Survey Descriptive analysis 2005 – 2006 Lolkisale, Naitolya and Loiborsoit A villages Monduli and Simanjiro Districts Manyara and Arusha Regions Vincent Castel Executive summary...........................................................................................................................3 1. Introduction...............................................................................................................................7 2. Overview of the study area.......................................................................................................9 2.1. Location of the study area and perceived trends .............................................................9 2.2. Lolkisale.........................................................................................................................10 2.3. Naitolya..........................................................................................................................11 2.4. Loiborsoit.‘A’ ..................................................................................................................12 3. Data collection Process..........................................................................................................17 3.1. Selection of the Households interviewed.......................................................................17 3.2. Questionnaire ................................................................................................................17 3.3. Enumerators ..................................................................................................................19 3.4. Data entry – analysis .....................................................................................................19 4. Background information on the households sampled and the respondents ...........................21 4.1. Participation Ratio..........................................................................................................21 4.2. Sub-villages surveyed....................................................................................................21 4.3. Characteristics of the respondent ..................................................................................21 4.4. Main occupation of the respondent................................................................................22 5. History of the households.......................................................................................................24 5.1. Registration of the household by the authorities............................................................24 5.2. Origin of the households................................................................................................24 5.3. Date of immigration........................................................................................................24 6. Structure of the households....................................................................................................27 6.1. Characteristics of the heads of the household...............................................................27 6.2. Connection of the households to the decision making process .....................................29 6.3. Occupation of the head of the households ....................................................................29 6.4. Village of birth of the HHHs............................................................................................31 6.5. Size of the households ..................................................................................................32 6.6. Composition of the total population surveyed: ...............................................................34 6.7. Education.......................................................................................................................34 6.8. Main occupation of the HH Members.............................................................................35 6.9. Village of birth of the population.....................................................................................36 7. Land Ownership .....................................................................................................................37 7.1. Land owned by the household.......................................................................................37 7.2. Land use........................................................................................................................40 7.3. Fencing..........................................................................................................................40 7.4. Land acquisition.............................................................................................................42 7.5. Mode of acquisition........................................................................................................44 7.6. Land rental.....................................................................................................................44 7.7. Land price......................................................................................................................45 7.8. Land sale.......................................................................................................................45 7.9. Future land acquisition...................................................................................................46 8. Livestock Production ..............................................................................................................47 8.1. Livestock holding ...........................................................................................................47 8.2. Herding..........................................................................................................................49 8.3. Herd dynamic and management....................................................................................49 8.4. Breeding ........................................................................................................................59 8.5. Milk production...............................................................................................................60 1 8.6. Poultry production..........................................................................................................62 8.7. Hides and skins .............................................................................................................64 8.8. Manure collection...........................................................................................................65 8.9. Honey production...........................................................................................................65 8.10. Feeding and feed production.....................................................................................66 8.11. Use of inputs .............................................................................................................66 8.12. Labor input ................................................................................................................67 9. Crop Production .....................................................................................................................69 9.1. Development of crop production....................................................................................69 9.2. Type of crop produced...................................................................................................71 9.3. Maize production and productivity .................................................................................73 9.4. Beans production and productivity.................................................................................73 9.5. Green Gram production and productivity .......................................................................74 9.6. Other crops....................................................................................................................76 9.7. Use of the yield..............................................................................................................76 9.8. Crop marketing ..............................................................................................................77 9.9. Crop scarcity..................................................................................................................80 9.10. Gifts...........................................................................................................................82 9.11. Technology and use of inputs....................................................................................83 9.12. Labour .......................................................................................................................85 10. Off-farm income .................................................................................................................87 11. Water management............................................................................................................89 11.1. Private water resources.............................................................................................89 11.2. Water and livestock production .................................................................................89 12. Access to facilities..............................................................................................................92