THE DEMOCRACY SOURCEBOOK edited by Robert Dahl, Ian Shapiro, and Jose Antonio Cheibub The MIT Press Cambridge, Massachusetts London, England Contents Introduction IX Democracy and the Market: Political and Economic Reforms in DEFINING DEMOCRACY Eastern Europe and Latin America 76 Adam Przeworski The Social Contract Democracy's Third Wave 93 Jean-Jacques Rousseau " Samuel P. Huritington Capitalism, Socialism, and South Africa's Negotiated Democracy Transition: Democracy, Opposition, Joseph Schumpeter and the New Constitutional Order 99 Minimalist Conception of Courtney Jung and Ian Shapiro Democracy: A Defense 12 Economic Development and Adam Przeworski Political Regimes 108 Democracy and Disagreement 18 Adam Przeworski, Michael E. Amy Gutmann and Dennis Alvarez, Jose Antonio Cheibub, Thompson and Fernando Limongi The Voice of the People 25 DEMOCRACY, CULTURE, James S. Fishkin AND SOCIETY 117 Denning and Developing Democracy 29 Larry Diamond The Federalist No. 10 118 James Madison Participation and Democratic Theory 40 The Federalist No. 14 123 Carole Pateman James Madison Polyarchal Democracy 48 The Concept of a Liberal Society 126 Robert Dahl Louis Hartz Pluralism and Social Choice 133 SOURCES OF DEMOCRACY 55 Nicholas R. Miller Political Man: The Social Bases of Consociational Democracy 142 Politics 56 Arend Lijphart Seymour Martin Lipset The Contest of Ideas 147 Social Revolutions in the Modern Donald Horowitz World 65 The State of Democratic Theory 153 Theda Skocpol Ian Shapiro The Impact of Economic Development on Democracy 71 Democracy 157 Robert D. Putnam Rueschemeyer, and John D. Modernization, Cultural Change, Stephens and the Persistence of Traditional Values 168 Ronald Inglehart and Wayne E. Baker Contents Culture and Democracy 181 PRESIDENTIALISM VERSUS Adam Przeworski, Jose Antonio PARLIAMENTARISM 257 Cheibub, and Fernando Limongi The Perils of Presidentialism 258 DEMOCRACY AND Juan Linz -.191 CONSTITUTIONALISM Presidentialism, Multipartism, and Democracy: The Difficult The Federalist No. 23 192 Combination 266 Alexander Hamilton Scott Mainwaring The Federalist No. 47 193 Presidents and Assemblies 272 James Madison Matthew Soberg Shugart and John The Federalist No. 48 195 Carey James Madison Minority Governments, Deadlock The Federalist No. 62 197 Situations, and the Survival of James Madison Presidential Democracies ' 277 Jose Antonio Cheibub The Federalist No. 70 199 Alexander Hamilton Minority Governments in Parliamentary Democracies: The The Federalist No. 78 201 Rationality of Nonwinning Cabinet Alexander Hamilton Solutions 284 Madisonian Democracy 207 Kaare Strom Robert Dahl Institutional Design, Party Systems, A Bill of Rights for Britain 217 and Governability: Differentiating Ronald Dworkin the Presidential Regimes of Latin America 296 A Rights-Based Critique of Joe Foweraker Constitutional Rights 221 Jeremy Waldron Presidential Power, Legislative Organization, and Party Behavior in The Political Origins of Judicial Brazil 304 Empowerment through Argelina Cheibub Figueiredo and Constitutionalization: Lessons from Fernando Limongi Four Constitutional Revolutions 232 Ran Hirschl REPRESENTATION 311 Decision Making in a Democracy: The Supreme Court as a National Representative Government 312 Policymaker 246 John Stuart Mill Robert Dahl On Elections 315 Democratic Justice 252 Marquis de Condorcet Ian Shapiro Liberalism against Populism 317 William H. Riker Contents Saving Democracy from Political Inside Campaign Finance: Myths Science 321 and Realities 408 Gerry Mackie Frank J. Sorauf Unlikelihood of Condorcet's DEMOCRACY'S EFFECTS 419 Paradox in a Large Society 326 A. S. Tangian The Economics and Politics of Congruence between Citizens and Growth 420 Policymakers in Two Visions of Karl de Schweinitz, Jr. Liberal Democracy 330 Rent Seeking and Redistribution John D. Huber and G. Bingham under Democracy versus Powell, Jr. Dictatorship 427 The Political Consequences of Ronald Wintrobe Electoral Laws 343 Dictatorship, Democracy, and Douglas W. Rae Development 436 South Africa's Negotiated Mancur Olson Transition: Democracy, Opposition, Freedom Favors Development 444 and the New Constitutional Order 350 Amartya Sen Courtney Jung and Ian Shapiro Political Regimes and Economic The Representation of Women 354 Growth 447 Anne Phillips Adam Przeworski, Michael E. Alvarez, Jose Antonio Cheibub, INTEREST GROUPS 363 and Fernando Limongi The Governmental Process: Political Democracy in America 455 Interests and Public Opinion 364 Alexis de Tocqueville David B. Truman Does Democracy Engender Justice? 459 The Logic of Collective Action: John E. Roemer Public Goods and the Theory of Facing up to the American Dream: Groups 372 Race, Class, and the Soul of the Mancur Olson Nation 463 Neo-Pluralism: A Class Analysis of Jennifer L. Hochschild Pluralism I and Pluralism II 381 Beyond Tocqueville, Myrdal, and John F. Manley Hartz: The Multiple Traditions in . The Theory of Economic Regulation 393 America 480 George J. Stigler Rogers M. Smith Interest Intermediation and Regime DEMOCRACY AND THE Governability in Contemporary GLOBAL ORDER 489 Western Europe and North America 398 Philippe C. Schmitter Perpetual Peace 490 Immanuel Kant Contents viii How Democracy, Interdependence, and International Organizations Create a System for Peace 492 Bruce Russett Dirty Pool 497 Donald P. Green, Soo Yeon Kim, and David H. Yoon Democracy and Collective Bads 504 Russell Hardin Representation and the Democratic Deficit 510 Pippa Norris The Transformation of Political Community: Rethinking Democracy in the Context of Globalization 516 David Held Appendix 527 Index 535.