\ Major Timber Trees of Guyana. Wood Anatomy. I ISBN 90-5113-055-4 ISSN 1383-6811 © 2001Tropenbos International No part of this publication, apart from bibliographic data and brief quotations in critical reviews, may be reproduced, re-recorded or published in any fonn including print photocopy, microfonn, electronic or electromagnetic record without written permission. Cover photo (inset) : Microscopic features of Suya (Pouteria speciosa) Printed by Ponsen en Looijen bv, Wageningen, the Netherlands MAJORTIMBER TREES OF GUYANA WOOD ANATOMY. Regis B . .Miller and Pierre Detienne Tropenbos International Wageningen, the Netherlands 2001 The Tropenbos Series presents the results of studies and research activities related to the conservation and wise utilization of forest lands in the humid tropics. The series continues and integrates the former Tropenbos Scientific and Technical Series. The studies published in this series have been carried out within the international Tropenbos programme. Occasionally, this series may present the results of other studies which contribute to the objectives of the Tropenbos programme. ISSN: 1383-6811 lROPENBOS INlERNATIONAJ. \W CONTENTS FOREWORD I. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ I 2. INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES ............................................. ......................... 3 3. INDEX OF VERNACULAR AND TRADE NAMES ......................................... 7 4. ANA TOMI CAL DESCRIPTIONS........................................... .......................... 39 5. DICHOTOMOUS KEY.... .......................................................................... ...... 209 6. LITERATURE .................................................................................................. 217 FOREWORD This book on the wood anatomical characteristics of approximately l 00 Guyanese timbers completes a series of books on a major commodity of Guyana: tropical timber. Wood anatomical data on Guyanese timbers are scarce and scattered. Publications of family treatments in the ongoing Flora of the Guianas project do include such data. Some publications focusing on Suriname and French Guiana do contain wood anatomical data of species also found in Guyana. The series covers information on the tree morphology (flowers, fruits,and leaves), bark, timber characteristics and technology, and the anatomy as seen with a lens or revealed by the light microscope. Consequently, each species covered in these books can be recognized/identified in the forest as standing tree, in the sawmill as a log, and as timber for export or the local market. Finally, the user not familiar with the wide range of species in Guyana's forests will be able to find specific information on the performance of the lumber when utilized. These books only cover the major timber species in the northern part of the country. With the extension of the forest lands up to the southern border with Brazil, a similar exercise will be needed for the different species mix in that area. Unfortunately, Guyana has not yet a Forest Products Research Institute. However, some wood technology research is being carried out at present at the Guyana Forestry Commission by Guyanese researchers. The information collected and published so far in four separate books can be used in an additional way to further promote Guyanese timber species. Leaflets covering all data of one species can now be produced easily. An international group of institutions was involved in this work, which has now been completed. The CIRAD/Montpellier, the ETH-Zurich, the USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory at Madison, and the Utrecht University have made a useful contribution to the forestry sector of Guyana. This series was an initiative of the Tropenbos-Guyana programme, providing easily accessible data in addition to the basic and applied research for the development of sustainable forestry. Unfortunately,by the end of this year,changes in development aid policy in The Netherlands will result in a termination of the Tropenbos-Guyana programme, which has been very successful. Ben J.H. ter Welle, Georgetown, 2001 Introduction 1. INTRODUCTION The purpose of this book is to provide complete anatomical descriptions and a dichotomous key of approximately I 00 Guyanese timbers to enable users to accurately identify the various species. All characters and their interpretations follow the IA WA List of Microscopic Features for Hardwood Identification (IAWA Committee, IA WA Bulletin n.s. I 0(3):219-332, 1989) which includes both macro­ and microscopic characters. Earlier the book, Major Timber Trees of Guyana: A lens key by Brunner, Kucera, and Zurcher (Tropenbos Series 10, 1994), covered only characters that are readily seen with the naked eye or hand lens. All characters in the IA WA (International Association of Wood Anatomists) list were examined, however, if a character is not mentioned in the description, it is negative or does not apply. For the most part basic specific gravity values were taken from the book Major Timber Trees of Guyana: Timber Characteristics and Utilization by Gerald, Miller, and ter Welle (Tropenbos Series 15, 1996). In a few cases they were taken from other literature sources or based on samples from the wood collections at CIRAD-Foret. The species or species groups are arranged alphabetically by the scientific name. Indices of scientific, vernacular, and trade names allow users to quickly locate any particular species. Coupled with each description on the opposing page is a plate of four photomicrographs. The transverse, radial, and tangential sections and a fourth photomicrograph depicting an important feature for the species. Scale bars are shown on the first plate (Abarema jupunba) for the transverse, radial and tangential sections. All other plates have the same scale bars for the transverse, radial and tangential sections. The fourth photomicrograph (lower right hand position) always has a scale bar. At the end is a dichotomous key that mostly uses characters that require a light microscope. When individual species cannot be accurately separated using features based on the naked eye, hand lens and microscope, they are grouped together (e.g. species of Eschwei/era). Major Timber Trees ofGuyana. Wood Anatomy. 2 Indexof Scientific Names 2. INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES Scientific name and authors Guyanese name I Abaremajupunba (Willd.) Britton & Killip Huruasa 2 Acosmium praeclarum (Sandw.) Yakovlev Blackheart 3 Alexa imperatricis (Schomb.) Baillon Haiariballi 3a Alexa leiopetala Sandw. Haiariballi 4 Andira surinamensis (Bondt) Splitg. ex Pulle Koraro 4a Andira inermis (Wright) DC. Koraro 5 Anibq hypoglauca Sandw. Yellow silverballi 6 Antonia ovata Pohl Inyak 7 Aspidosperma cruentum Woodson Shibadan 7a Aspidosperma album (Yahl) Benoist Shibadan 8 Aspidosperma vargasii A. DC. Currywood 9 Astronium ulei Mattick Bauwaua 10 Bagassa guianensis Aublet Cow-wood 75a Buchenavia fanshawei Exe II & Maguire Fukadi 11 Calophyllum lucidum Benth. Kurahara 12 Carapa guianensis Aublet Crabwood 12a Carapa procera A. DC. Crabwood 13 Catostemma commune Sandw. Common baromalli 14 Catostemma fragrans Benth. Sand baromalli 14a Catostemma altsonii Sandw. Baromalli 15 Cedrela odorata L. Red cedar 16 Chlorocardium rodiei (Schomb.) Rohwer, Richter & van der Werff Greenheart 17 Chrysophyllum pomiferum (Eyma) Penn. Limonaballi/Paripiballi 18 Clathrotropis macrocarpa Ducke Aromata 18a Clathrotropis brachypetala (Tu!.) Kleinh. Aromata 19 Couratari guianensis Aublet Wadara 19a Couratari gloriosa Sandw. Wadara 19b Couratari multiflora (J.E. Smith) Eyma Smooth-leaf wadara 20 Dimorphandra conjugata (Splitg.) Sandw. Dakama 20a Dimorphandra polyandra Benoist Huruhurudan 21 Diplotropis purpurea (Rich.) Amshoff Tatabu 22 Dipteryxodorata (Aublet) Willd. Tonka bean 23 Eperuafalcata Aublet Soft wallaba 24 Eperua grandiflora(Aublet) Benth. Ituri wallaba 24a Eperuajenmanii Oliver Ituri wallaba 24b Eperua schomburgkiana Benth. lturi wallaba 25 Eperua rubiginosa Miq. Watapa 26 Eschweilera alata A.C. Smith Guave-skin kakaralli 3 l Mqjor Timber Trees ofGuyana. WoodAnat omy. Scientific name and authors Guyanese name 27 Eschweilera deco/orans Sandw. Smooth-leafkakaralli 27a Eschweilera coriacea (A. DC.) S. Mori Smooth-leaf kakaralli 27b Eschweilera parviflora(Aublet) Miers Fine smooth-leafkakaralli 27c Eschweilera wachenheimii (Benoist) Sandw. Fine-leafkakaral li 28 Eschweilera sagotiana Miers Common black kakaralli 28a Eschweilera pedicellata (L.C. Rich.) S. Mori Kakaralli 28b Eschweilera subglandulosa (Steud. ex 0. Berg) Miers Black kakaralli 29 Goupia glabra Aublet Kabukalli 30 Humiria balsamifera (Aublet) A. St. Hil. var. balsamifera Tauroniro 31 Hyeronima alchorneoides Allemao Suradan 32 Hymenaea courbaril L. Locust 32a Hymenaea ob/ongifolia Huber Locust/Simira 33 Hymenolobiumjlavum Kleinh. Koraroballi 34 Inga alba (Sw.) Willd. Maporokon 35 Jryanthera lancifolia Ducke Kirikaua 35a Jryanthera macrophylla (Benth.) Warb. Kirikaua 36 Jacaranda copaia (Aublet) D. Don Futui 37 Laetia procera (Poeppig) Eichler Warakairo 38 Lecythis confertiflora (A.C. Smith) S. Mori Wirimiri 39 Lecythis corrugata Poit. Wina 40 Lecythiszabucajo Aublet Monkey pot 41 Licania alba (Bernoulli) Cuatr. Kauta 4la Licania laxiflora Fritsch Kautaballi 4lb Licania majuscula Sagot Kautaballi 42 Licaria cannella (Meisner) Kosterm. Brown silverballi 43 Loxopterygium sagotii Hook.f. Hububalli 44 Manilkara bidentata (A. DC.) Chev. Bulletwood 45 Mora excelsa Benth. Mora