CO-OPERATIVES Series on Co-operatives & Peace Series on Co-operatives & Peace { VOLUME ONE } { VOLUME ONE } CO-OPERATIVES and the PURSUIT CO-OPERATIVES of PEACE and the Edited by JOY EMMANUEL & IAN MACPHERSON “Peace and social well being and the P URSUIT are not only relevant to co-operatives but co-operatives are relevant to the peace making process in communities and societies throughout the world.” This was part of the message delivered in the closing address by Dr. Yehudah Paz at the Co-operatives of and the Pursuit of Peace conference, June 2006. For three days 38 co-op participants representing 16 different countries met in Victoria, British Columbia to review the historical record of how co-operatives have PURSUIT addressed conflict and to reflect on current practices of co-operatives operating in areas deeply divided by political, economic, and social injustices. The present volume is a collection of essays presented at the conference, as well PEACE as additional papers by co-op studies experts. Contributors share their experience, knowledge, and insights on the challenges co-operatives must meet in addressing an array of conflict situations, and how the co-ops and regional co-operative movements are responding and contributing to peace making and sustainable development. The conference and this volume of essays represent one of the first sustained and in-depth examinations of this topic by the co-operative movement. of PEACE Edited by JOY EMMANUEL & IAN MACPHERSON bcics.uvic.ca Co-operatives & the Pursuit of Peace © British Columbia Institute for Co-operative Studies 2007 All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of BCICS. Cover design and layout by Colin Swan. Printed in Victoria, Canada Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Co-operatives and the pursuit of peace / edited by Joy Emmanuel & Ian MacPherson. Includes essays originally presented at the Co-operatives and the Pursuit of Peace Conference, Jun. 18-20, 2006. Includes bibliographical references. Includes one essay in Spanish. ISBN 978-1-55058-362-5 1. Cooperation--Moral and ethical aspects--Congresses. 2. Cooperation--Political aspects--Congresses. 3. Cooperation--Social aspects--Congresses. 4. Peace--Congresses. I. Emmanuel, Joy, 1955- II. MacPherson, Ian, 1939- III. Co-operatives and the Pursuit of Peace Conference (2006 : Victoria, B.C.) HD2963.C672 2007 334 C2007-905634-2 British Columbia Institute for Co-operative Studies University of Victoria University House 2 – Room 109 PO Box 3060 STN CSC Victoria, B.C. V8W 3R4 Tel. (250) 472-4539 [email protected] http://bcics.uvic.ca Co-operatives & Peace Series { VOLUME ONE } co - operatives and the P ursuit of peace Edited by JOY EMMANUEL & IAN MACPHERSON publications in the CO-OPERATIVES & PEACE series Volume One: Co-operatives and the Pursuit of Peace – eds. Joy Emmanuel and Ian MacPherson Volume Two: The Contributions of Co-operatives to Peace: A People to People Approach – Ian MacPherson and Yehudah Paz (Forthcoming) Volume Three: Co-operatives and the Pursuit of Peace DVD – (Forthcoming, December 2007) also by new rochdale press & bcics A Passion for Possibilities: Co-operatives & Communities in British Columbia – ed. Joy Emmanuel Youth Reinventing Co-operatives: Young Perspectives on the International Co-operative Movement – eds. Ian MacPherson, Robin Puga and Julia Smith Co-operatives by Design: Building Blocks for Co-operative Development. A Manual for How to Start a Co-op – eds. Lyn Cayo, Kathleen Gableman and Sol Kinnis Practical Dreamers: Communitarianism and Co-operatives on Malcolm Island – Kevin Wilson It Was A Great Privilege: The Co-operative Memoirs of B. N. Arnason – Ian MacPherson Approaches to Co-operative Studies: A Selection of Papers and Presentations – Ian MacPherson Dedication This book is dedicated to co-operators around the world who are committed to promoting co-operation, especially in situations of conflict and strife, as a way to build a more peaceful and just world for all. We specially want to acknowledge the contributions of Ibnoe Soedjono and Madhav Madane, two prominent promoters of co-operatives and contributors to this volume, who passed away last year. Acknowledgements hen the British Columbia Institute for Co-operative Stud- ies was started in the year 2000, we dreamed of someday undertaking some work exploring how co-operatives and Wco-operative thought can help lessen tensions within communities and contribute to a more peaceful world. For many reasons we were not able to start that kind of research and reflection until June 2006, when the Institute hosted a conference on the theme Co-operatives and Peace. On behalf of the Institute, I would like to thank Yehudah Paz and Robby Tulus for their help in bringing the programme together. I would particularly like to thank Joy Emmanuel for accepting responsibility for the development of the conference and for overseeing its development in her quiet and efficient way. I believe the conference was a great success because of her efforts and because of the contributions of others from the Insti- tute: Robin Puga (for technical support), Sandy Polomark (for office support and liaison with University Departments), Sol Kinnis (es- pecially for her help with Spanish translations), Vivian McCormick, and student researchers Eryk Martin and Jennifer Bagelman. i Further, we wish to thank others who in various ways helped with the conference, including Brishkai Lund, Jacqui MacDonald, Father Antonio Osorio, Budd Hall, and Maureen Maloney. We extend a special thank you to Sarah Shima (CCA) for the many ways in which she helped us during the conference and afterwards. We greatly appreciate the financial support given to the conference and this publication by the following organizations and individuals: The Canadian Co-operative Association (CCA) The Canadian International Development Association (CIDA) Cooperativa Muratori Cementisti Ravenna (CMC) The International Co-operative Alliance (ICA) The International Labour Organization (ILO) The International Development Research Centre (IDRC) The Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC) Negev Institute for Strategies of Peace and Development (NISPED) Vice President of Research, University of Victoria The Dean of Education, University of Victoria The Dean of Humanities, University of Victoria The University of Victoria We are grateful for the editorial work of Lyn Cayo. The Institute, though, is most indebted to Joy Emmanuel, for whom the book be- came a special project. Her work in securing the papers and carefully leading the editorial and publishing process is truly appreciated. Ian MacPherson Professor Emeritus of History and Director BCICS ii contents Acknowledgements i Introduction Joy Emmanuel & Ian MacPherson 1 Building New Paths to Peace Ivano Barberini 15 Co-operative Communities: A Strife Free Environment? Iain Macdonald 27 section i—peace & co-operatives: exploring the record The International Co-operative Movement & Peace: Questions Drawn from its Early History Ian MacPherson 35 The International Co-operative Alliance During War & Peace 1910 -1950 Rita Rhodes Ph.D 53 Peace and the Co-operative Movement in India Madhav Madane 67 Darkness at the End of the Tunnel: Pacifism, Democracy, & the Women’s Co-operative Guild in England in the 1930s Gill Scott 73 Advancing Democracy: Films for Peace, Freedom, & Democracy in Britain in the 1930s Alan Burton 85 section ii—gender, co-ops, & peace Gender Emancipation & Peace-Building through Co-operatives: Going Beyond the Myths Samadanie Kiriwandeniya 101 Women, Co-ops, & Peace Work Lota Y. Bertulfo 105 Gender, Co-operatives, & Peace Robby Tulus 113 section i11—co-ops and peace: experiences in south america Planting Peace: MST Co-operatives & Agrarian Justice in Brazil Hannah Wittman 121 La Experiencia del IMCA en el Desarrollo Sostenible, Como Contribución a la Paz en el Valle del Cauca, Colombia Father Alfredo Ferro M s.j. 147 Sustainable Development as a Contribution to Peace in the Cauca Valley, Columbia Father Alfredo Ferro M s.j. 155 section iv—co-ops and peace: lessons from asia Lessons from History: The Case of Japanese Co-operative Peace Fighters Chushichi Tsuzuki 165 Peace & Co-operation: Reflections on the Endeavors of the Japanese Consumer Co-operative Akira Kurimoto 179 Co-operatives & Peace: An Indonesian Perspective Ibnoe Soedjono 197 Building Hope while Providing Credit through Co-operatives: A Case Study of Women Coping with Conflict in Nepal Sarah Shima & Yagya Ghale 207 section v—co-operating out of poverty: insights from africa Peace Building through Co-operatives & Self Help Organizations in West Africa Ada Souleymane Kibora 217 The Role of Co-operatives in the Promotion of Peace in Kenya Nelson Kuria OGW 239 The Role of Informal Co-ops in Peace Building at the Local Level in North West Ethiopia Shimelles Tenaw 243 section vi— co-ops & peace in reconstruction periods Rebuilding Aceh after the Tsunami & the Peace Accord Dr. Said Muhammad 251 Co-operatives & the Rebuilding of Sri Lanka after the Tsunami P.A. Kiriwandeniya 257 Co-operatives & Peace in Post-Disaster Environments & among Indigenous Peoples Robby Tulus 263 Co-operatives, Post-war Reconstruction, & Peace-building: An Example from South East Europe Milford Bateman 277 Co-operating for Peace: Post-Conflict Recovery through Self-Help Julian Havers 307 section vii—peace building: theory & community mobilization Working for Peace: The Role of Co-operatives in Conflict Resolution Yehudah Paz 327 Palestine & Israel: A Co-operative Approach to Conflict Resolution Rafi Goldman 335 Co-ops, Democracy, Conflict Resolution, & Peace: Theoretical Resources William Caspary 341 conclusion Closing Thoughts Yehudah Paz 369 Author Biographies 373 Acronyms 383 joy emmanuel & ian macpherson Introduction eace making, conflict resolution, and co-operatives – the com- plexity and possibility connected with each of these terms invites us to give pause as to what they mean, how they are Pconnected, and how they could be more actively pursued.