FILE COPY Report No. 3224-EA A Report on the International Transportation Bottlenecks Affecting Rwanda and Burundi Public Disclosure Authorized Volume I December 1980 Eastern Africa Projects Department Highways Division FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Document of the WMrid Bank This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients. only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization. CURRENCY UNITS Burundi - Franc Burundais (FBu) Kenya - Kenya Shilling (KSh) Rwanda - Franc Rwandais (FRw) Tanzania - Tanzania Shilling (TSh) Uganda - Uganda Shilling (USh) CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS US$1.00 = FBu 89.0 US$1.00 = KSh 8.0 US$1.00 = FRw 92.0 US$1.00 - TSh 8.0 US$1.00 = USh 7.4 GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS AfDB - African Development Bank AMI - Agence Maritime International CIDA - Canadian International Development Agency EARC - East Africa Railway Corporation EDF - European Development Fund EEC - European Economic Community FAC - Fonds d'Aide et de Cooperation KfW - Kreditanstalt fur Wiederaufbau ODA - Overseas Development Administration RBZ - Rwanda, Burundi, Zaire STIR - Societe des Transports Internationaux de Rwanda TRC - Tanzanian Railway Corporation UNCTAD - United Nations Conference on Trade and Development UNDP - United Nations Development Programme USAID - United States Agency for International Development FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY A REPORT ON THE INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORTATION BOTTLENECKS AFFECTING RWANDA AND BURUNDI Table of Contents Page No. Volume I CHAPTER I: SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS ........................... 1 Summary .................................................. 1 Specific Findings and Recommendations ..... ............... 7 A. General Recommendation ................................... 7 B. The Northern Route .. 7 C. The Southern Route ...... ................. 9 D. Alternate Routes ....... ............. ..................... 10 CHAPTER II: THE CURRENT EXTERNAL TRANSPORT SITUATION .... ......... 12 A. Background ....................... ........................ 12 B. Transport Demand .................... ..................... 13 C. The Existing Transport Situation .......... .. ............. 15 D. Existing Cost Structure .................................. 20 CHAPTER III: ACTIONS UNDER WAY ................................... 22 A. Projects to Improve Existing Routes ...................... 22 B. Development of Alternate Routes .......................... 24 C. Special Studies and Regional Efforts ..................... 25 CHAPTER IV: RECOMMENDED IMPROVEMENTS AND NEW CONSTRUCTION .... .... 29 A. General Recommendation ................. .................. 29 B. The Northern Route ................... .................... 29 C. The Southern Route ................... .................... 31 D. Air Transport ..................... ....................... 32 E. Alternate Routes .................... ..................... 32 F. Benefits to Transit Countries ........... .. ............... 34 G. Conclusion ....................... ........................ 36 MAPS - IBRD 14633 - Burundi Road Network - IBRD 14634 - Rwanda Road Network - IBRD 14635R1- Rwanda/Burundi International Transport Connections - IBRD 14636R2 - Rwanda/Burundi International Routes This report was prepared by Maurice Le Blanc (Economist), Amarendra Bhattacharya (Economist) and Patricia Brereton (Writer/Editor). This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization. Table of Contents (Continued) Page No. Volume II ANNEXES I. The Northern Route: Bujumbura-Kigali-Kampala-Nairobi-Mombasa - Mombasa Port .............................................. 1 - The Road Link .............................................. 1 I. Road Infrastructure ..... .............................. 1 II. Traffic Handling and Road Transport ................... 3 III. Traffic Growth .. .................... ... ... 4 IV. Vehicle Regulations .................................... 5 V. Road User Charges ...... .................... 66...... VI. Customs Procedures . .............................. 6 VII. Visas .. ...................... VIII. Actions Under Way .. ............................ 7 A. Kenya ....... ...................... .............. 7 B. Uganda ....... ................................ * 8 C. Rwanda/Burundi ............................... 8 - The Kampala-Mombasa Rail Link ................ ............. 8 I. Kenya Railways .................... ................... 9 II. Uganda Railways ............... ................... 11 III. Road/Rail Coordination for Transit Traffic ............ 11 II. The Southern Route: Bujumbura-Kigoma-Dar es Salaam .....o.... 12 - Dar es Salaam Port ...... ................................. 12 - Dar es Salaam-Kigoma Rail Line .... ....................... 15 - Kigoma Port ............................................... 17 - Lake Transport ..... .................................. .... 18 - The Port of Bujumbura .................................... 18 III. Rwanda: International Routes ................................ 20 IV. The Isaka-Dar es Salaam Route ............................... 24 Table of Contents (Continued) TABLES 1. Transit Traffic as Proportion of Total Traffic 2. Rwanda - External Trade 3. Rwanda - Exports and Imports by Value: 1976-77 4. Rwanda - Volume of Exports by Country of Destination 5. Rwanda - Volume of Imports by Country of Origin 6. Rwanda - Volume of Exports by Type 7. Rwanda - Volume of Imports by Type 8. Rwanda - External Traffic by Route: 1977 9. Burundi - External Trade 10. Burundi - Exports and Imports by Value: 1975-77 11. Burundi - Volume of Exports by Country of Destination 12. Burundi - Volume of Imports by Coutry of OrigLn 13. Burundi - Volume of Exports by Type 14. Burundi - Volume of Imports by Type 15. Burundi - External Traffic by Route: 1977 16. Rwanda/Burundi - Structure of Exports 17. Rwanda/Burundi - Structure of Imports 18. Rwanda/Burundi - Origin of Imports 19. Rwanda - External Traffic Forecasts 20. Burundi - External Traffic Forecasts 21. Rwanda - Comparative Financial Costs for Transport of General Cargo Imports from Europe to Kigali 22. Burundi - Comparative Financial Costs for Transport of General Cargo Imports from Europe to Bujumbura 23. Disaggregated Financial Costs: Dar es Salaam--Bujumbura-Kigali 24. Disaggregated Financial Costs: Mombasa-Kigal:L-Bujumbura (all road) 25. Disaggregated Financial Costs: Mombasa-Kigali-Bujumbura (rail/road) 26. Charges at Indian Ocean Ports 27. Dar es Salaam Port Traffic: 1974-79 28. Mombasa Port Traffic: 1975-78 29. Kigoma Port Traffic 30. Kenya Railways: Details of the Mombasa-Nairobi-Malaba Line 31. Kenya Railways: Statistics on Equipment and Operating Performance 32. Kenya Railways: Freight Traffic 1971-78 33. Tanzania Railways: Details of the Central and Mwanza Lines 34. Tanzania Railways: Freight Traffic 1977-78 35. Northern Route: Operating Costs for 25-ton Tractor-Trailer Combination (Kigali-Mombasa-Kigali) 36. Northern Route: Road Transport Tariffs 37. Operating Costs - 707 Cargo Aircraft 38. ARNOLAC FLEET CHAPTER I SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS Summary 1.01 Efficient and economic external transport is vital to the small landlocked countries of Rwanda and Burundi, both of which have large popula- tions in relation to their agricultural resources and limited domestic indus- trial production. They therefore must import industrial products as well as a'large proportion of their primary food requirements, while they export only about a third as much as they import. 1.02 At present, however, the transport planning capability of both countries is inadequate and has hampered the development of cohesive external transport policies. This has become a major problem since the transport corridors linking Rwanda and Burundi to the sea are subject to a wide range of problems which make transport slow and expensive. The distances involved are very long (over 1,400 km for Burundi and 1,700)km for Rwanda), and several countries must be transitted, all with different transport regulations and customs procedures. Very often, several transport modes must be used, which necessitates transshipment and results in delays. Political difficulties and border closures frequently choke off traffic altogether. But perhaps most important, the traffic generated by the two countries is currently quite low in both absolute terms (total external traffic for Burundi is about 140,000 tons and for Rwanda, 180,000 tons) and relative to the total traffic using the same routes. This means that Rwanda and Burundi can exert little influence over transport decisions made by the countries on which they rely. 1.03 Two main transport corridors currently ]ink Rwanda and Burundi to the Indian Ocean: the Bujumbura-Kigoma-Dar es Salaam southern route by lake and rail through Tanzania (1,428 km; primarily serving Burundi) and the all-road (or road/rail) northern route from Kigali. to Mombasa through Uganda and Kenya (1,740 km by road or 1,925 km by rail/road; primarily used by Rwanda). Both routes suffer from serious bottlenecks, including: (a) on the northern route -- the present inability to use the railway due to the deterioration of Uganda Railways and its lack of coordination with Kenya Railways; -- the marked deterioration in the condition of the roads in Uganda and Kenya; and -- the cumbersome and uncoordinated administrative