THE OWENS-COLVIN SITE OF THE SAFFORD VALLEY By Pam Rule EASTERN ARIZONA COLLEGE MUSEUM OF ANTHROPOLOGY PUBLICATION NUMBER 3 I I I I Acknowledgements Many people have contributed to the work that went into the collection, recording and organization of the information embodied in the Owen-Colvin site. Thanks are due first to I Robert and Vema Rae Colvin and Rex and Jayne Owens for permission to excavate on their land. More thanks are due to Rex and Jayne for sharing their knowledge of the site and for providing many kinds of aid to the project. Gay Kinkaid and the Coronado Chapter of the Arizona Archaeological Society contribut­ I ed volunteer labor. You know who you are even if, in some cases, I do not. Members of the Eastern Arizona College Museum Council have contributed in various ways, and Paul Phelps, EAC Public Information Office Director, has been both material help­ I ful and forbearing in the process of producing a printable manuscript. I am especially grateful for the sustained toil of my assistant, Gwen Dodge, who strug­ gled with me through the process of finding, interpreting and rendering into a final I manuscript the notes and manuscript that Pam left us. Of Pat Gilman's editorial contribution I make more mention in the Forward. And, thanks to anyone who made a contribution before I arrived and currently un­ I known to me. W es Jernigan I I I I I I I I I -1- I I Table of Contents Chapter 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................2 I Problem Orientation .. ... ..... ........................................... ........... ..................... ................ 3 The Excavations ......................................................... .. .... .............................................. J Architecture ................................................................. .. ................................. ................ 8 I Table 1; Internal Room Dimensions ........................................................................ 14 . Chapter 2 Ceramics ............................................................................................................. 15 Utilitarian Wares ................................... .. .. .. ................................................................ 15 I Red-on-buff Ceramics ................................................................................................. 15 Red-on-brown Ceramics ........................................................................................... .16 McDonald Corrugated Pottery ......................_. .. ......................................................... 17 I White Mountain Red ware Pottery .......................................................................... 17 Black-on-white Ceramics ......................... .............. .................................................... 18 Thirteenth and Fourteenth Century Ceramics ..................................................... 18 I Miscellaneous Types ......... ................. .. ................................................... ... ...... .......... .. 18 Other Ceramic Artifacts ............... ......... .. ... .................... ..................... .. .. ........ :........... 21 Worked Sherds ..... ........... .. ................................... ............. ..... ... .. .................... 21 Nose Plug .................................................................................... .. ........... ..... ... 21 I Tesserae ......................................... .. ... .............................. ... ...................... .... ... .21 Pipe .................................... ............................... ................................................ .25 Summary and Conclusions ..................................... .. .. .. ..................... ...................... 25 I Chapter 3 Figurines and Effigy Vessels ................................ ........................................... 28 Human Effigy ...................................................................................... ......................... 28 I Deer Figurine ................................................................................................................28 Zoomorphic Fragment ...................................... .. ..................... .. .... .. ......... ...... .. ........ 31 Big Hom Sheep Effigy ................................ .. ........ ... .. ...... .. ... .. ..................................... 31 "Dog" or "Deer" Headed Scoops ............................... .. ......... .... ..... .................... ... ..... 31 I Effigy Lug .................... .. ..................................... ............................................................ 32 Discussion ......................................................................... ... ........ ............ ....... .. ..... .. ..... 32 I Chapter 4 Chipped Stone ...................................................... ... .. .... ................. .. .. .. .......... .. .34 Debitage ................................................................... .... .. .......... .......... ... .. ... ... .. .... .......... .. 34 U nifaces .............................................................................................. ..................... .. .... 34 Table 2; Lithic Raw Material Use .................................................... .. .... .................... 37 I Bifaces Projectile Points .......... ....................................... .. ...... ...... ...................... ......... 37 Drills ............................................................. .............. ....................................... 39 Agave Knives ............................................................................ ... ................... 39 Quartz Crystals ................................. .. .. .... ................. ... ........... ................ ....... .... ......... .40 Quartz Nodule ....... ....... ............................................................................. ... ........ ..... .. 40 I Turquoise ........................... .. ........ ............ .. .................................................... .... .. ....... ... 40 I I I - 2- I Chapter 5 Groundstone ........ .. .. .. ...... .... .................................................................... .. ....... 42 Metates ............................ ... .......... .......... ....................... .............................. ..... .............. 42 Manos ........ .... ..... ... ....... ....... ..................... ... ...... .. .. .. .... ... .............. .... ..... ........ .. .... .......... .42 I Pestles ...... ....................................... ....... ..... ... .... ....... .. ... .. ..................... ... ............ ..... ...... 42 Mortar ........ ................... ...... .. ............................. .......... ...... ... ..... ..... ............. ....... .......... .43 Stone Bowls ........................ ... .. .. .............. .. ................. .. ......... ............................. .......... 43 I Weights .. .... ... ... ................ ..... ...... ....................... ............... ... ................... .. .... ......... ..... ... 43 Stone Ring ....... .. ...... ..... .... .... .. .. ......... ........ ........... ............................................. ... ...... .. .43 Axes ................... ................ .... ... ..... .......... .... ....... ....................................... ....... ............. .43 Pigment Manos ... ...................................... .... .... ..... ... .......... ...................................... ... 44 I Pottery Anvil .... .... .. ........................ ................................. .... ............ ............................ .44 Palette ................ ............................................................... ...... ....... .... .... .... .....................45 Hammerstones ....... ... ..................... .. .. ............... ...... ..... ........................................ ....... .45 I Polishing Stones ........... ... ....... ............. ... ............. .......... .. ......... ......... ............... ........... 45 Smoothing Stones ............ ...................... .. ...... ...... .. ....... ..... ..... .......... .. ... .. ...... ... ... .. ..... 45 Shaft Smoother ..... .. ... ... .... ....... ... ............ .. .... ... ............................................ .. ............. .46 Abraders .. ............. ........ .. .... ..... .... .... ..... .. ............... .... .. ....... ..... .... .. ., ..... ...... ........ .... ........ 46 I Pecking Stones ... ...................................................... .... .................. ............ .. .............. ... 46 Chapter 6 Shell ........... ... ..... ......... ............... ............................ .. .... .... ..... .... .............. ........... .4 7 I Trumpet Fragment ...................................................................................................... 47 Whole Shell Beads ............................ .... ................................................... .. ................. 47 Tinklers ........................................... ............................................................................... 47 I Bracelets ................................ ................... .. ....................................... ,. ........................... 48 Pendants ......................................................................................................................