Basic Anatomy & Physiology Clinical Coding Instruction Manual &OLQLFDO&ODVVL¿FDWLRQV6HUYLFH Basic Anatomy & Physiology Instruction Manual An introduction for clinical coders For more information please Terminology and Classifications Delivery Service contact ([email protected]) www.digital.nhs.uk/article/290/Terminology-and- Website Classifications Copyright Health and Social Care Information Centre Date of issue April 2017 Anatomical illustrations © Health and Social Care Information Centre and Peak Dean Associates. They may not be reproduced, adapted nor transferred to another party or parties without written permission of Health and Social Care Information Centre. Published by TSO (The Stationery Office), part of Williams Lea Tag, and available from: Online www.tsoshop.co.uk Mail, Telephone, Fax & E-mail TSO PO Box 29, Norwich, NR3 1GN Telephone orders/General enquiries: 0333 202 5070 Fax orders: 0333 202 5080 E-mail: [email protected] Textphone 0333 202 5077 TSO@Blackwell and other Accredited Agents © Crown copyright 2017 Published with the permission of NHS Digital, Clinical Classifications Service on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office. All rights reserved. Applications for reproduction should be made in writing to The National Archives, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 4DU. e-mail: [email protected] First published 2017 First impression 2017 ISBN 9780113230532 Printed in the United Kingdom for The Stationery Office. Foreword This manual is intended to be used as a basic instruction tool, rather than a comprehensive course of study or a reference book. It will help promote an understanding of diseases and operations described in casenotes by providing information on body systems, how they work together, and the terminology used to describe them. The intended result is that those responsible for clinical coding will be better able to translate these concepts into the appropriate clinical codes. Contents Section 1 .................................................................................................................................................... 5 Introduction to Medical Terminology, Anatomy and Physiology ........................................................... 5 Medical Terminology ........................................................................................ 5 Exercises on Medical Terminology .................................................................11 Basic Human Anatomy and Physiology .........................................................13 Glossary of Terms ............................................................................................ 14 Glossary of Terms ............................................................................................ 15 Section 2 .................................................................................................................................................. 16 Musculoskeletal System .......................................................................................................................... 16 General description ........................................................................................16 Joints ............................................................................................................... 19 Muscles ............................................................................................................ 22 Glossary of Terms—Musculoskeletal System .................................................24 Exercises on the Musculoskeletal System ......................................................26 Section 3 .................................................................................................................................................. 31 Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue ................................................................................................................ 31 General description ........................................................................................31 Glossary of Terms—Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue ...................................... 34 Exercises on the Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue............................................ 35 Section 4 .................................................................................................................................................. 38 Blood and the Circulatory System .......................................................................................................... 38 Circulatory System ..........................................................................................38 Heart ............................................................................................................... 42 Blood and Blood Cells .................................................................................... 43 Lymphatic System ........................................................................................... 44 Glossary of Terms—Blood and the Circulatory System ................................ 45 Exercises on the Circulatory System .............................................................. 48 Section 5 .................................................................................................................................................. 53 Nervous System and Sensory Organs ..................................................................................................... 53 Nervous System ............................................................................................... 53 Central Nervous System ................................................................................. 54 Peripheral Nervous System ............................................................................ 55 Glossary of Terms—Nervous System ..............................................................58 The Eyes .......................................................................................................... 60 Glossary of Terms—The Eyes ..........................................................................63 The Ears ...........................................................................................................64 Glossary of Terms—The Ears .......................................................................... 66 Exercises on the Nervous System and Sensory Organs: Eyes and Ears ........ 67 3 Section 6 .................................................................................................................................................. 75 Respiratory System .................................................................................................................................. 75 General description ........................................................................................75 Glossary of Terms—Respiratory System ........................................................ 78 Exercises on the Respiratory System .............................................................. 80 Section 7 .................................................................................................................................................. 84 Digestive System ...................................................................................................................................... 84 General description ........................................................................................84 Upper digestive system .................................................................................. 84 Lower digestive system .................................................................................. 88 Glossary of Terms—Digestive System ............................................................ 90 Exercises on the Digestive System ................................................................. 92 Section 8 .................................................................................................................................................. 99 Urinary System ......................................................................................................................................... 99 General description ........................................................................................99 Glossary of Terms—Urinary System ............................................................. 101 Exercises on the Urinary System .................................................................. 102 Section 9 ................................................................................................................................................ 106 Endocrine System .................................................................................................................................. 106 General description ......................................................................................106 Glossary of Terms—Endocrine System .........................................................109 Exercises on the Endocrine System ..............................................................111 Section 10 .............................................................................................................................................. 115 Male and Female Reproductive Systems .............................................................................................. 115 General description ......................................................................................115 Structures and Functions