Mapwork based on Ordnance Survey Licence number 100033582 number Licence Survey Ordnance on based Mapwork scale to not GeoConservation Edinburgh. Borders Borders on Princes Street in in Street Princes on at the Balmoral Hotel Hotel Balmoral the at viewed from his room room his from viewed Lothian and and Lothian Funding by Scottish Natural Heritage Natural Scottish by Funding Edinburgh’s Old Town as as Town Old Edinburgh’s Project Coordinator: Elspeth Urquhart Elspeth Coordinator: Project 3000+ Parliament Buildings) of of Buildings) Parliament GeoConservation LEWISIAN (architect of the Scottish Scottish the of (architect Edinburgh Text from David McAdam, and Lothian and Borders Borders and Lothian and McAdam, David from Text HEBRIDEAN sketch by Enric Miralles Miralles Enric by sketch Photographs from Elspeth Urquhart Elspeth from Photographs based around the the around based Scottish Parliament Building Building Parliament Scottish 1500 Designed by Derek Munn Munn Derek by Designed the wall is a townscape townscape a is wall the At the eastern end of of end eastern the At www.edinburghgeolsoc.org 1200 Local Geodiversity Site Geodiversity Local HIGHLANDS ©2011 ©2011 MOINE concrete panels. concrete Produced by Lothian and Borders GeoConservation GeoConservation Borders and Lothian by Produced NORTHERN set in the large pre-cast pre-cast large the in set 950 Memorial Trust. Trust. Memorial the stone inserts are are inserts stone the Carcanet Press, Mrs K Henderson, and the W.L. Lorimer Lorimer W.L. the and Henderson, K Mrs Press, Carcanet Parliament building. All All building. Parliament Brooksbank Estates, Birlinn Publishers, Canongate Press, Press, Canongate Publishers, Birlinn Estates, Brooksbank 700 the building demolished to make way for the new new the for way make to demolished building the HIGHLANDS to reproduce material in this leaflet. These include the the include These leaflet. this in material reproduce to incorporated are “Brewery Stones” recovered from from recovered Stones” “Brewery are incorporated DALRADIAN Also thanked are the copyright holders for permission permission for holders copyright the are thanked Also rocks carved by Gillian Forbes and Martin Reilly. Also Also Reilly. Martin and Forbes Gillian by carved rocks name here for their help in the production of this leaflet. leaflet. this of production the in help their for here name GRAMPIAN Smithson and contains a representative range of Scottish Scottish of range representative a contains and Smithson 542 thank persons and organisations too numerous to to numerous too organisations and persons thank CAMBRIAN The overall design of the Canongate Wall was by Sora Sora by was Wall Canongate the of design overall The Lothian and Borders GeoConservation would like to to like would GeoConservation Borders and Lothian 488 ORDOVICIAN : Acknowledgements UPLANDS no inscriptions. no 444 currently 28 panels of Scottish rocks, two of which have have which of two rocks, Scottish of panels 28 currently SOUTHERN By Car: Parking in Regent Road and at Our Dynamic Earth. Dynamic Our at and Road Regent in Parking Car: By the same selection process as before. In total there are are there total In before. as process selection same the SILURIAN By Coach: Parking in Regent Road Regent in Parking Coach: By Parliament in 2009, two more stones were added using using added were stones more two 2009, in Parliament 416 DEVONIAN In 2010, to mark the tenth anniversary of the Scottish Scottish the of anniversary tenth the mark to 2010, In buildings. VALLEY forms the northern boundary of the Scottish Parliament Parliament Scottish the of boundary northern the forms 359 MIDLAND MIDLAND and twenty four were chosen for the original design. original the for chosen were four twenty and The Canongate Wall at the eastern end of the Royal Mile Mile Royal the of end eastern the at Wall Canongate The Scottish people. Hundreds of proposals were submitted submitted were proposals of Hundreds people. Scottish CARBONIFEROUS How to find the Canongate Wall Canongate the find to How 299 suggestions of suitable material submitted by the the by submitted material suitable of suggestions PERMIAN Politics of MSPs together with a literature expert and include include and expert literature a with together MSPs of and 250 TRIASSIC onto the face. These texts were selected by a panel panel a by selected were texts These face. the onto 200 Scottish rocks, some of which have Scottish texts carved carved texts Scottish have which of some rocks, Scottish JURASSIC 145 The concrete structure is embellished by a selection of of selection a by embellished is structure concrete The P Science Science CRETACEOUS 65 PALAEOGENE highest point. highest 23 concrete, 39 metres in length and 6 metres high at the the at high metres 6 and length in metres 39 concrete, NEOGENE present Art into the design of the new structure. The wall is cast in in cast is wall The structure. new the of design the into 2.6 before before Ice Ages Ice Parliament buildings a blast wall was incorporated incorporated was wall blast a buildings Parliament years years QUATERNARY 0 million million Canongate Wall. During the construction of the the of construction the During Wall. Canongate Under the façade of the Canongate building is the the is building Canongate the of façade the Under Age of Scotland’s rocks Scotland’s of Age What is the Canongate Wall? Canongate the is What How to find the Canongate Wall Canongate the find to How Canongate Wall Canongate Way back in the mists of time ... masterless 20 The rose of all the world is Scotland’s Geodiversity Hebridean Scotland’s oldest rocks are found in the Outer Hebrides Key to Quotations and intractable in any terms not for me. and the northwest of Scotland, and are from 1 to more than 3 1 When we had a king, and a Shall bear the gree, an’ a’ that. that are human.Norman I want for my part Geologists recognize three kinds of rock. billion years old. These tough metamorphic rocks (Lewisian Gneiss; chancellor, and parliament- For a’ that, an’ a’ that, MacCaig (1910 - 1996), Only the little white rose of Iona Marble) were formed deep underground in intense heat and men o’ our ain, we could aye It’s coming yet for a’ that, A Man in Assynt © Birlinn Scotland Sedimentary Rocks form when sediment (e.g. sand or mud) peeble them wi’ stanes when That Man to Man the world Press That smells sharp and sweet pressure. Gradually over millions of years these deep-forged rocks accumulates on the Earth’s surface. This often happens under water. have been brought to the surface, sometimes to be buried again they werena gude bairns - But o’er, 13 There is hope in honest error; - and breaks the heart. Hugh under younger sedimentary rocks (Torridonian; Pipe Rock). naebody’s nails can reach Shall brithers be for a’ that. None in the icy perfections MacDiarmid (1892-1978) Igneous Rocks are crystalline rocks formed from solidified the length o’ Lunnon. Sir Robert Burns (1759-1796) of the mere stylist. Charles “The Little White Rose” magma, either in volcanoes where lava and ash form Colliding continents and a disappearing ocean - the Caledonian Walter Scott (1771-1832) “A Man’s A Man for A’ That” Rennie Mackintosh (1868- © Carcanet Press extrusive rocks such as basalt and tuff, or as intrusive Orogeny Mrs Howden in “Heart of 7 Conglomerate - no lettering 1928) 21 To promise is ae thing, to rocks when magma gets trapped underground, Midlothian” SHETLAND The main building blocks of modern Scotland were assembled in 8 But Edinburgh is a mad god’s 14 Am fear as fheàrr a chuireas keep it is anither. Proverb e.g. granite. 12 2 Let the words of my mouth, a series of events lasting hundreds of millions of years. The story dream ‘S e as fheàrr a bhuaineas. 22 What a lovely, lovely moon. begins almost a billion years ago with existing continental crust and the meditation of my Seannfhacal And it’s in the constituency Metamorphic Rocks are formed by Fitful and dark, near the South Pole being pulled apart, creating ocean basins where heart, be acceptable in thy Unseizable in Leith too. Alan Jackson (1938-) the action of heat or pressure He who sowest best reapest sedimentary rocks piled up. As crustal stretching continued, the sight, O Lord, my strength, And wildered by the Forth, “The Young Politician on existing rocks, usually best. Proverb Iapetus Ocean was formed, with Scotland on the northern edge of and my redeemer. Psalm But irresistibly at last Looks at the Moon” © the deep underground. 15 Abair ach beagan is abair gu the ocean and the rocks of England on the other side, hundreds of 19:14 Cleaving to sombre heights author Examples are math e. Seannfhacal miles away. The slow but inexorable movement of tectonic plates 3 From the lone sheiling of the Of passionate imagining 23 Put all your eggs into one slate, schist, ORKNEY Say but little and say it well. means that oceans do not last forever. The closure of the Iapetus misty island Till stonily, basket -and then watch that gneiss or Proverb Ocean resulted in a mountain-building phase called the Caledonian Mountains divide us, and the From soaring battlements, basket. Andrew Carnegie marble. 15 Orogeny, which ended about 400 million years ago. The associated waste of seas - Earth eyes Eternity. Hugh 16 Oh, dear me, the warld’s ill- 7 (1835-1919) Map showing the provenance S 24 mountain building changed oceanic sedimentary rocks into the Yet still the blood is strong, MacDiarmid (1892-1978) divided, N D of the stones A 8 N 24 Scotland small? Our E A N The numbers on the map relate to the heart is Highland, © Carcanet Press Them that work the hardest WESTERN L different kinds of metamorphic rocks now found in the Northern RID 26 H the numbering of the full quotes multiform, our infinite ISLES B 16 G E 9 I And we in dreams behold H 18 H to the left and also the numbering Highlands and the Grampian Highlands, separated by the Great Glen 9 If a man were permitted are aye wi’ least provided, 14 Scotland small? Hugh N of the stones on the centre pages.