Glime, J. M. 2021. Aquatic and Wet Marchantiophyta, Order Jungermanniales: Cephaloziineae 2. Chapter 1-3. In: Glime, J. M. 1-3-1 Bryophyte Ecology. Volume 4. Habitat and Role. Ebook sponsored by Michigan Technological University and the International Association of Bryologists. Last updated 11 April 2021 and available at <http://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/bryophyte-ecology/>. CHAPTER 1-3 AQUATIC AND WET MARCHANTIOPHYTA, ORDER JUNGERMANNIALES: CEPHALOZIINEAE 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Scapaniaceae .......................................................................................................................................................................... 1-3-2 Diplophyllum ................................................................................................................................................................. 1-3-2 Diplophyllum albicans ................................................................................................................................................... 1-3-2 Diplophyllum taxifolium ................................................................................................................................................ 1-3-7 Douinia ovata................................................................................................................................................................. 1-3-9 Saccobasis polita ........................................................................................................................................................... 1-3-9 Scapania....................................................................................................................................................................... 1-3-10 Scapania aspera ........................................................................................................................................................... 1-3-10 Scapania crassiretis ..................................................................................................................................................... 1-3-11 Scapania cuspiduligera ................................................................................................................................................ 1-3-11 Scapania hyperborea ................................................................................................................................................... 1-3-13 Scapania irrigua .......................................................................................................................................................... 1-3-15 Scapania microdonta ................................................................................................................................................... 1-3-18 Scapania nemorea ........................................................................................................................................................ 1-3-19 Scapania paludicola ..................................................................................................................................................... 1-3-22 Scapania paludosa ....................................................................................................................................................... 1-3-23 Scapania ridiga ............................................................................................................................................................ 1-3-24 Scapania rufidula ......................................................................................................................................................... 1-3-25 Scapania subalpina ...................................................................................................................................................... 1-3-25 Scapania uliginosa ....................................................................................................................................................... 1-3-26 Scapania umbrosa ........................................................................................................................................................ 1-3-29 Scapania undulata ....................................................................................................................................................... 1-3-30 Distribution .......................................................................................................................................................... 1-3-30 Aquatic and Wet Habitats .................................................................................................................................... 1-3-31 Streams ................................................................................................................................................................. 1-3-32 Lakes .................................................................................................................................................................... 1-3-33 Associations ......................................................................................................................................................... 1-3-34 pH ........................................................................................................................................................................ 1-3-35 Water Relations .................................................................................................................................................... 1-3-36 Temperature ......................................................................................................................................................... 1-3-37 Photosynthetic Products ....................................................................................................................................... 1-3-37 Reproduction ........................................................................................................................................................ 1-3-37 Biochemistry ........................................................................................................................................................ 1-3-38 Pigments ............................................................................................................................................................... 1-3-38 Nutrient Relations ................................................................................................................................................ 1-3-39 Heavy Metals ....................................................................................................................................................... 1-3-40 Other Pollutants .................................................................................................................................................... 1-3-41 Disturbance .......................................................................................................................................................... 1-3-41 Role ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1-3-41 Habitat Summary ................................................................................................................................................. 1-3-41 Summary .............................................................................................................................................................................. 1-3-42 Acknowledgments ............................................................................................................................................................... 1-3-42 Literature Cited .................................................................................................................................................................... 1-3-42 1-3-2 Chapter 1-3: Aquatic and Wet Marchantiophyta, Order Jungermanniales: Cephaloziineae 2 CHAPTER 1-3 AQUATIC AND WET MARCHANTIOPHYTA, CLASS JUNGERMANNIOPSIDA, ORDER JUNGERMANNIALES: CEPHALOZIINEAE 2 Figure 1. Scapania undulata and habitat, showing its close adherence to water without necessarily being submerged. Many of the leafy liverworts treated in this chapter occupy niches that maintain moisture without submergence. Photo by Jean Faubert, with permission. Diplophyllum albicans (Figure 2, Figure 12, Figure Scapaniaceae 14-Figure 15) It is interesting that very similar mosaic infection Distribution patterns in Lophoziaceae and Scapaniaceae add strength to the molecular link between the two families (Duckett et Diplophyllum albicans (Figure 2, Figure 12, Figure al. 2006). Both are in Cephaloziineae. 14-Figure 15) is an amphi-oceanic species, but rarely penetrates away from the oceanic climate (Bakalin & Vilnet 2018). Chapter 1-3: Aquatic and Wet Marchantiophyta, Order Jungermanniales: Cephaloziineae 2 1-3-3 Other habitats are wet, but not submersed. In the Haute Ardenne rivers in Belgium, Leclercq (1977) found Diplophyllum albicans (Figure 2, Figure 12, Figure 14- Figure 15) on earthy and gravelly substrates of river banks. In the British Isles, Orange (2001) found the species on a shaded damp rock face by a wooded stream. In the Upper Bureya River of the Russian Far East, Konstantinova et al. (2002) reported it from a wet cliff and rocks at the lake shore, occurring with Blepharostoma